Ecological Forecasting of Industrial Dust Emissions: Problems and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
I.V. May ◽  
S.Yu. Zagorodnov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particles ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Total Impact

The results of the study of the levels of atmospheric air pollution by solid particles with different approaches to the accounting of dust and the analysis of the sufficiency and validity of permissible emission standards are presented. On the example of an operating enterprise, taking into account the current inventory, a comparative analysis of the levels of exposure to solid chemicals and the sum of all dusts (TSP) was performed. It is established that the dust factor at the total emission, forms the values of the maximum concentrations 2 times more than the individual chemical components. The presented results confirm the need to review the existing approaches to the regulation of emissions of solid components, including the inclusion in the system of the assessment of the sufficiency of emissions by the criterion of the total impact of dust in general. A correctly estimated level of total dust exposure will allow to exclude an unacceptable level of exposure to solid industrial emissions at the initial stage of the formation of project and environmental documentation (NDV projects).

Expert Reviews: How Many Experts is Enough?

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dumas ◽  
James Sorce ◽  
Robert Virzi
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Conference Call ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Response System ◽  
Usability Problem ◽  
Group Report ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Problem Description ◽  
The Individual

We asked five usability specialists to review the user interface to a phone-based, interactive voice response system. The experts were instructed to conduct their review independently in three one-hour sessions and to record each usability problem on a Problem Description Sheet along with the elapsed time from the beginning of the hour. Each expert then spent one hour reviewing their problem sheets and making a summary list of problems. Finally, the experts spent two hours together on a conference call discussing their impressions and coming to consensus on a prioritized list of problems and solutions. The results showed that when allocating expert time, it is more effective to have a greater number of experts spend fewer hours than to use fewer experts for more hours. The individual summaries included the majority of the severe problems, but left out many less severe problems and added new problems. The group report did not surface any new problems, but described the problems as being caused by more basic design flaws and proposed solutions that focused on the conceptual model on which the design was based.

Scientific and Methodological Approaches to Creating a System of Pedagogical Diagnostics of the Level of Training and Development of Primary School Graduates

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Marina Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalya Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Educational

The article discusses the problem of obtaining reliable information about the level of educational achievements of junior schoolchildren during their transition to the next stage of school education. The implementation of the development goals of students at the initial stage of schooling, set by the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, requires pedagogical diagnostics, which makes it possible to establish the cause of the difficulties that children have in the course of studying various subjects. This ensures the timely intervention of the teacher in the learning process to provide each younger student with pedagogical assistance and support, which makes it possible to eliminate the individual difficulties that arise in him.

scholarly journals Formation of paremiological competence using mobile applications in a foreign language lesson in elementary school

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00058
Author(s):  
M.A. Kulkova ◽  
A.I. Giniatullina ◽  
N.V. Konopleva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

This article is devoted to the study of the conditions for the formation of paremiological competence in a foreign language lesson using mobile applications. Their usage allows to improve the quality of the process of learning foreign language thanks to the elements of interactivity. Mobile applications provide the ability of flexible adaptation of educational content to the individual needs of the teacher. Using the mobile application called ‘Quizlet’ is one of the most effective ways to form the paremiological component of communicative competence in schoolchildren at the initial stage of education. The success of using this mobile application in teaching English vocabulary is confirmed by the results of the pedagogical experiment.

scholarly journals Ultra-fine features of aerohaematic barrier in pneumoconiosis

2008 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
G. G. Kruglikov ◽  
B. T. Velichkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Combined implication of optical, transmissive and scanning electron microscopy allowed detection of early response to dust exposure: slowing of blood flow and dilation of pulmonary capillaries, oedema and initial stage of fibrillogenesis in aerohaematic barrier.

Measurements of Dimension and Morphology of Solid Particles Volume With Digital In-Line Holography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Recorded Hologram ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Individual Particles

Abstract Digital in-line holography (DIH) has been applied to measure the 3D position of objects in a variety of applications, including bubbles and droplets in multi-phase flows, tracking particles in turbulence flows, etc. In addition to the 3D position, the morphology and dimension of the individual particles can also be extracted from the recorded hologram. In this study, a lens-less digital in-line holography setup is applied to measure the morphology and size of three kinds of solid particles (Wollastonite Powder, Pearl Mica Powder and Solder Powder), whose sizes range from several to hundreds of micrometers. The statistics of equivalent diameter, aspect ratio and circularity are introduced to describe the morphology and dimension of each kind of particles. Microscopic images of the particles are taken to verify the accuracy of measurements with DIH. The results measured from DIH are in good agreements with results from microscopic images.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Flows in Horizontal Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1054
Author(s):  
Paolo Sassi ◽  
Youssef Stiriba ◽  
Julia Lobera ◽  
Virginia Palero ◽  
Jordi Pallarès
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe dynamics of three-phase flows involves phenomena of high complexity whose characterization is of great interest for different sectors of the worldwide industry. In order to move forward in the fundamental knowledge of the behavior of three-phase flows, new experimental data has been obtained in a facility specially designed for flow visualization and for measuring key parameters. These are (1) the flow regime, (2) the superficial velocities or rates of the individual phases; and (3) the frictional pressure loss. Flow visualization and pressure measurements are performed for two and three-phase flows in horizontal 30 mm inner diameter and 4.5 m long transparent acrylic pipes. A total of 134 flow conditions are analyzed and presented, including plug and slug flows in air–water two-phase flows and air–water-polypropylene (pellets) three-phase flows. For two-phase flows the transition from plug to slug flow agrees with the flow regime maps available in the literature. However, for three phase flows, a progressive displacement towards higher gas superficial velocities is found as the solid concentration is increased. The performance of a modified Lockhart–Martinelli correlation is tested for predicting frictional pressure gradient of three-phase flows with solid particles less dense than the liquid.

Interorgan ammonia, glutamate, and glutamine trafficking in pigs with acute liver failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. G373-G381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars M. Ytrebø ◽  
Sambit Sen ◽  
Christopher Rose ◽  
Gabrie A. M. Ten Have ◽  
Nathan A. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Ammonia Metabolism ◽  
Ammonia Release ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Ammonia reduction is the target for therapy of hepatic encephalopathy, but lack of quantitative data about how the individual organs handle ammonia limits our ability to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The study aims were to evaluate interorgan ammonia metabolism quantitatively in a devascularized pig model of acute liver failure (ALF). Ammonia and amino acid fluxes were measured across the portal drained viscera (PDV), kidneys, hind leg, and lungs in ALF pigs. ALF pigs developed hyperammonemia and increased glutamine levels, whereas glutamate levels were decreased. PDV contributed to the hyperammonemic state mainly through increased shunting and not as a result of increased glutamine breakdown. The kidneys were quantitatively as important as PDV in systemic ammonia release, whereas muscle took up ammonia. Data suggest that the lungs are able to remove ammonia from the circulation during the initial stage of ALF. Our study provides new data supporting the concept of glutamate deficiency in a pig model of ALF. Furthermore, the kidneys are quantitatively as important as PDV in ammonia production, and the muscles play an important role in ammonia removal.

The Idea of a Logic of Discovery

Dialogue ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norwood Russell Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
Logic Of Discovery ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Individual

Is there such a thing as a ‘Logic of Discovery’? Do we even have a consistent idea of such a thing? The approved answer to this seems to be “No.” Thus Popper argues (The Logic of Scientific Discovery) “The initial stage, the act of conceiving or inventing a theory, seems to me neither to call for logical analysis nor to be susceptible of it.” (p. 31.) Again, “… there is no such thing as a logical method of having new ideas, or a logical reconstruction of this process.” (p. 32.) Reichenbach writes that philosophy of science “… cannot be concerned with [reasons for suggesting hypotheses], but only with [reasons for accepting hypotheses].” (Experience and Prediction, p. 382.) Braithwaite elaborates: “The solution of these historical problems involves the individual psychology of thinking and the sociology of thought. None of these questions are our business here.” (Scientific Explanation, pp. 20, 21.)

Intermetallic Phases Formation in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kopyciński ◽  
Edward Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Alloyed Layer ◽  
Undercooled Liquid ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Iron Sample ◽  
The Individual

The study describes the mechanism of structure formation in protective coating, growing on iron surface during hot-dip galvanizing. As a first stage of the galvanizing process, immediately after the iron sample has been dipped in galvanizing bath, a layer of frozen zinc is crystallizing on the sample surface. Next, as a result of isothermal solidification, an alloyed layer of the coating; composed of the sub-layers of intermetallic Fe-Zn phases, is formed. At the initial stage of the existence of the alloyed layer, another layer, that of undercooled liquid, is formed on the surface of iron dipped in liquid zinc. As a result of peritectic reactions under metastable conditions, the individual phases are born, forming sub-layers in the expected sequence of Γ1, δ and ζ.

scholarly journals iDMer: an integrative and mechanism-driven response system for identifying compound interventions for sudden virus outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiting Wei ◽  
Yuli Gao ◽  
Fangliangzi Meng ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yukang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Response System ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Genome Information

Abstract Emerging viral infections seriously threaten human health globally. Several challenges exist in identifying effective compounds against viral infections: (1) at the initial stage of a new virus outbreak, little information, except for its genome information, may be available; (2) although the identified compounds may be effective, they may be toxic in vivo and (3) cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by viral infections is the primary cause of mortality. Currently, an integrative tool that takes all those aspects into consideration for identifying effective compounds to prevent viral infections is absent. In this study, we developed iDMer, as an integrative and mechanism-driven response system for addressing these challenges during the sudden virus outbreaks. iDMer comprises three mechanism-driven compound identification modules, that is, a virus-host interaction-oriented module, an autophagy-oriented module and a CRS-oriented module. As a one-stop integrative platform, iDMer incorporates compound toxicity evaluation and compound combination identification for virus treatment with clear mechanisms. iDMer was successfully tested on five viruses, including the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our results indicated that, for all five tested viruses, compounds that were reported in the literature or experimentally validated for virus treatment were enriched at the top, demonstrating the generalized effectiveness of iDMer. Finally, we demonstrated that combinations of the individual modules successfully identified combinations of compounds effective for virus intervention with clear mechanisms.

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