scholarly journals Examining Liver Function in Adults with Diabetes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Prashant Sakharkar ◽  
Subrata Deb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Altered Liver

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of various types of diabetes and considered to be a risk factor for several chronic disorders including liver function. Though liver is a dynamic organ, incessant glucotoxicity can lead to altered liver function. The goals of the present study were to examine the association between diabetes with liver functions amongst adults in the United States. Methods: We analyzed 14,948 adults with diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2016. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined in accordance with the American Diabetes Association 2021 guidelines. The association of demographic characteristics with glycemic levels was analyzed using the Chi-square test. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the associations of glycemic levels with abnormal liver enzyme levels. Regression model was adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA ver. 14. A 

Abstract 177: Credentials of Staff Performing Echocardiography in the United States: Insights from the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Parker ◽  
Diana Sobieraj ◽  
Mary Beth Farrell ◽  
Craig I Coleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
National Board ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Medical Directors

Background: Little has been published on the practice of echocardiography (echo) in the United States. We used the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission-Echocardiography (IAC-Echo) applications database to describe the personnel in echo laboratories seeking accreditation. Methods: We used de-identified data provided on IAC-Echo applications to characterize facilities by hospital association, census region, annual volume, number of sites, previous accreditation, and numbers of physicians and sonographers as well as National Board of Echocardiography (NBE) testamur status of physicians and registered credential status of sonographers. We categorized Medical Directors by board certification in cardiovascular diseases, internal medicine, other specialty, or none. Medical Director echo training could be formal Level 2 or 3 or experiential by ≥3 years of practice. Frequencies, means, and medians were compared between groups using the chi-square test, t-test, or Mann Whitney test, respectively. Results: From 2011 to 2013, 1926 echo labs representing 10618 physicians and 6870 sonographers applied for IAC-Echo accreditation or re-accreditation. The majority of medical directors were board certified in cardiovascular diseases and 34.1% of medical directors and 27.2% of staff physicians held NBE testamur status; 79.5% of sonographers held registered credentials. Most echo labs were in the Northeast or South census regions, have an average of 1.75 sites, and are based outside of hospitals (Table). Compared to nonhospital echo labs, medical directors of hospital-based echo labs were more likely to be Level 3 trained (19.8% versus 30.8%, p<0.01) and be NBE testamurs (28.9% versus 45.6%, p<0.01). Markers of echo lab size, region, previous accreditation, and credentialed sonographers were associated with accreditation versus delay decisions; there was a trend toward accreditation among facilities with NBE medical directors. Conclusion: Among facilities seeking IAC-Echo accreditation, the minority of echo physicians hold NBE testamur status. Hospital and nonhospital facilities are different in the credentials of their personnel.

Voices of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Parents: The Case of Korean-American Parents

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Sook Koh ◽  
Sunwoo Shin ◽  
Kay C. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Korean Parents ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Children's Schooling

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes and perspectives of Korean immigrant parents in rearing and educating their children in the United States. One hundred nineteen Korean parents from three cities in the United States were surveyed using the Korean Parent Questionnaire. The responses of the questionnaire were analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and content analysis. Major findings of this study were (1) Korean parents’ limited English skills prevented them from communicating effectively with their children’s school personnel or getting actively involved in their children’s schooling, (2) the parents believe that rearing a child in America had its benefits, and (3) the parents spoke only Korean in the home and did not become immersed in the American culture.

Effect of time to treatment and comprehensive care at commission on cancer-accredited practices on survival in rural patients with colorectal cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Suneel Deepak Kamath ◽  
Katherine Tullio ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Gregory S. Cooper ◽  
Alok A. Khorana
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Time To First Treatment ◽  
Rural Patients

109 Background: Rural cancer care in the United States has unique challenges from variable access to care. This study examined differences in time to first treatment (TTT), a surrogate for access, and predictors of overall survival (OS) between rural and non-rural colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Patients with stage I-III CRC from 2004-2012 in the National Cancer Database of Commission on Cancer (CoC)-accredited facilities were included and categorized into rural and non-rural groups. Differences in demographic, disease characteristics, socioeconomic (SE) factors and TTT (< 4 weeks, 4-8 weeks and > 8 weeks) between rural and non-rural patients were assessed by Chi-square test. The effect of demographics, SE factors, and TTT on OS were assessed using Cox models. Results: The study population comprised 605,913, 11,649 (2%) of whom were rural. Compared to non-rural patients, rural patients were more likely to be age > 65, male, Caucasian, receive care at non-academic centers, have government insurance, have lower income and less education (p<0.0001 for all). Significant demographic and SE differences are shown in Table. Rural patients had similar mean TTT compared to non-rural patients (2.76 vs. 2.84 weeks, p = 0.35). Slightly more rural patients had TTT < 4 weeks (77% vs. 75%, p <0.0001). Shorter TTT (both <4 weeks vs. 8 weeks and 4-8 weeks vs. > 8 weeks) was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85-0.89, p<0.0001 and HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.73-0.76, p<0.0001, respectively). After adjusting for demographic, disease and SE factors, rural status was associated with modestly better OS compared to non-rural status (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, p=0.006). Conclusions: Despite several adverse demographic and socioeconomic factors, rural CRC patients had modestly better OS compared to non-rural patients. Rural and non-rural CRC patients had similar TTT in this cohort. These data suggest the comprehensive cancer care delivered by CoC-accredited practices is associated with rapid TTT and improved OS in rural CRC patients. It is unclear whether our data apply to non-CoC-accredited facilities in rural United States. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Assessing the effectiveness of Chagas disease education for healthcare providers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Gerardo J. Pacheco ◽  
Evangelina Núñez Patlán ◽  
Jose Betancourt ◽  
Lawrence Fulton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts. Methods An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used. Results There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = <.001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = <.001), and treatment (p = <.001). Conclusion Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Three Risk Tolerance Measures: Turkey and the United States Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar ◽  
Amanda Blanco ◽  
Zeynep Copur ◽  
Michael S. Gutter ◽  
Martie Gillen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance

An individual’s attitude toward financial risk tolerance (FRT) is an important preference that influences financial decision-making under uncertainty. FRT involves inter-temporal resource allocation. Accurate and reliable measures of FRT are essential for professionals advising consumers as well as researchers who are trying to predict, and understand consumer behavior. This study explores cross-cultural risk tolerance by comparing random samples from Turkey, and the United States. Similar and distinctive attitudes and patterns regarding FRT are identified. Three subjective measures of FRT are employed in this study: Grable and Lytton (1999), Hanna, Gutter and Fan’s (2001) improved version of Barsky, Juster, Kimball and Shapiro (1997), and the Survey of Consumer Finance’s item on risk tolerance. Data was collected via an online survey that used the above-mentioned FRT measures. There were two versions: the original American English version, and a culturally translated Turkish version. To explore the correlation of FRT among measures, we use bivariate analysis by individually employing Pearson Chi-square test of independence, and cross tabulations analysis to each sample. In addition, by pooling both samples, we conduct cumulative logistic regression. We delineate FRT differences and consistencies between countries across subjective financial risk tolerance measures.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Education for Healthcare Providers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Gerardo J Pacheco ◽  
Evangelina Núñez Patlán ◽  
Jose Betancourt ◽  
Lawrence Fulton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanasoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts. Methods An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used. Results There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = < .001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = < .001), and treatment (p = < .001). Conclusion Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Education for Healthcare Providers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Gerardo J Pacheco ◽  
Evangelina Núñez Patlán ◽  
Jose Betancourt ◽  
Lawrence Fulton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8-11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20-30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts. Methods: An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n=57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used.Results: There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p=<.001), clinical presentation (p= 0.016), diagnostics (p=<.001), and treatment (p=<.001). Conclusion: Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.

scholarly journals A Population Based Study of Liver Function amongst Adults with Hyperuricemia and Gout in the United States

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Subrata Deb ◽  
Prashant Sakharkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gender Based

To examine the association between uric acid levels and liver enzyme functions amongst adults with hyperuricemia and gout in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2016 was used to study the research objective. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and for differences using the t test, Chi-square test and ANOVA. A regression analysis was performed to determine association between demographics and liver enzymes. A p value of <0.05 or <0.001 was considered statistically significant. A total of 14,946 adults (≥20 yrs.) were included in this study. Sample mean age was 49 ± 0.15 yrs., and 54% were female. Overall, 15% adults had elevated uric acid levels (≥6.8 mg/dL), men had significantly higher uric acid levels than women (6 mg/dL vs. 4.8 mg/dL). High uric acid levels were associated with more than two times higher odds of elevated ALT, AST and GGT (p < 0.001). Similarly, gender-based target uric acid values were associated with two-fold increased odds of GGT, over one-and-a-half fold higher odds of ALT and AST (p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed significant association between age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and hypertension and ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin and GGT (p < 0.001). Adults with hyperuricemia and gout are most likely to develop liver dysfunctions and suffer associated morbidities. Such patients need to be appropriately monitored and managed for their liver functions and to prevent associated morbidities.

scholarly journals Sunlight and vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and mortality in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajia Li ◽  
Qiangxiang Li ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
General Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aims to investigate associations between sunlight and vitamin D, using latitude as an indicator, with COVID-19 cases and related deaths in the United States. General regression and Chi-square test were used to examine the associations between latitude and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The analyses indicated that latitudes were marginally associated with cases (p = 0.0792) and deaths (p = 0.0599), with an increase of 2491 cases and 189 deaths of the total numbers in the mainland of US for every unit of increase of the latitude. When the states were classified into high latitude (>N 370) and low latitude (<N 370) groups, both the cases (702 vs 255 cases/100k population) and deaths (43 vs 11 deaths/100k population) were significantly different (p < 0.001) between the two categories. The results suggested that sunlight and vitamin D, with latitude as an indicator, might be associated with decreased risks for both COVID-19 cases and deaths. These findings warranted urgent needs of large cohort, clinical and pre-clinical studies to assess the impact of VD on the prevention of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Clinical Features and Comorbidities in Ankylosing Spondylitis in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilpreet Kaur Singh ◽  
Marina N. Magrey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective.To examine racial differences of clinical features, medication usage, and comorbidities of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the United States.Methods.In the Explorys database, 28,520 patients with AS were identified. Data were stratified by 2 rheumatology visits, race, sex, clinical characteristics, medication use, and comorbidities. Datasets were recorded as proportions, which were compared using chi-square test (p < 0.05).Results.Of the 10,990 patients with AS, 8% were African Americans and had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and high frequency of anterior uveitis, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and heart disease.Conclusion.African Americans with AS in the United States have high disease activity and comorbidities compared to whites.

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