Effects of Mentioning the Incentive Prize in the Email Subject Line on Survey Response

Objective – This study examined the effects that mentioning the survey incentive prize in the subject line of a reminder email had on the response rate and data quality. To date, manipulation of the subject line, specifically in terms of mentioning the incentive prize, has received limited attention in the survey design literature. Methods – The delivery of the survey invitation is discussed in terms of the timing of the launch and reminder emails. Particular emphasis is given to the design of the email subject line and justification of the format. Weekly response rates from four LibQUAL+TM surveys were compared. In addition, weekly responses for one year were analyzed using SPSS to investigate if there were any between means differences in terms of three elements of data quality. The three elements were: length of time it took to complete the survey, the number of core questions with an N/A response, and the number of illogical responses where minimum scores were higher than desired. Results – The response rates for the second week were grouped together based on the presence or absence of the subject line manipulation. There was a significant difference between these means (4.75%, p 0.033). There was no statistical difference in regards to the measures of data quality as determined by a one-way ANOVA test. Conclusions – Reminding survey participants with an email that mentions the incentive prize in the subject line appears to increase response rates with no deleterious effects on data quality. The results of this investigation are encouraging, and those running the LibQUAL+TM survey in their universities should consider implementing this method to increase response rates. Further research to replicate these findings in other contexts and using an experimental design would be beneficial.

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Effect of Recruitment Methods on Response Rate in a Web-Based Study for Primary Care Physicians: Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.8561 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ryuhei So ◽

Kiyomi Shinohara ◽

Takuya Aoki ◽

Yasushi Tsujimoto ◽

Aya M Suganuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Response Rate ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Response Rates ◽

Risk Difference ◽

Web Based ◽

Subject Line ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Subject

BACKGROUND Low participation rates are one of the most serious disadvantages of Web-based studies. It is necessary to develop effective strategies to improve participation rates to obtain sufficient data. OBJECTIVE The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of emphasizing the incentive in the subject line of the invitation email and the day of the week of sending the invitation email on the participation rate in a Web-based trial. METHODS We conducted a 2×2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. We contacted 2000 primary care physicians from members of the Japan Primary Care Association in January 2017 and randomly allocated them to 1 of 4 combinations of 2 subject lines (presence or absence of an emphasis on a lottery for an Amazon gift card worth 3000 yen or approximately US $30) and 2 delivery days (sending the invitation email on Tuesday or Friday). The primary outcome was the response rate defined as the number of participants answering the first page of the questionnaire divided by the number of invitation emails delivered. All outcomes were collected between January 17, 2017, and February 8, 2017. RESULTS We analyzed data from 1943 out of 2000 participants after excluding those whose email addresses were invalid. The overall response rate was 6.3% (123/1943). There was no significant difference in the response rates between the 2 groups regarding incentive in the subject line: the risk ratio was 1.12 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.58) and the risk difference was 0.7% (95% CI –1.5% to 2.9%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the response rates between the 2 groups regarding sending the email on Tuesday or Friday: the risk ratio was 0.98 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.38) and the risk difference was –0.1% (95% CI –2.3% to 2.1%). CONCLUSIONS Neither emphasizing the incentive in the subject line of the invitation email nor varying the day of the week the invitation email was sent led to a meaningful increase in response rates in a Web-based trial with primary care physicians. CLINICALTRIAL University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000025317; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029121 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation. org/6wOo1jl9t)

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Rainbow Of Followers Attributes In A Leadership Process

International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) ◽

10.19030/ijmis.v15i2.4157 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Evgenia V. Prilipko ◽

Absael Antelo ◽

Richard L. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

The United States ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Advanced Level ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Individual Traits ◽

Leadership Process ◽

Leaders And Followers ◽

The Subject ◽

Statistical Survey

While the breeze of leadership is swaying the continent of North America with irresistible appeal, followership is left to rest in the shade. The subject has been given a very limited attention, thus, the paper attempts to address this deficiency and propose attributes of effective followers. Statistical survey design and correlation procedures are applied to assess selected variables and their relationship when examining the results of a multicultural survey conducted among leaders and followers of six countries. The results of the sample countries Russia and Belarus are being reviewed. Findings indicate that respondents tend to have an involuntary inclination towards group work and camaraderie, and are comfortable in the atmosphere of togetherness. Results also illustrate that respondents of the sample have a different understanding of notion of tolerance than respondents in the United States. The study discusses the need to understand how individual traits are assessed and developed, and how individuals can be formed, nurtured and prepared to become effective followers. The criticality of certain attributes characteristic to followers is examined along with practical suggestions of how some attributes can be brought to a more advanced level. The significance of having a leader inside every follower is emphasized. Uncomplicated, yet effective strategies on how to unleash and sustain followership capacity in individuals are described.

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What’s in a Name? Effects of Alternative Forms of Addressing Households on Response Rates and Data Quality in an Address-based Mail Survey

Field Methods ◽

10.1177/1525822x18812761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 39-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer Dykema ◽

Nadia Assad ◽

Griselle Sanchez-Diettert ◽

Kelly Elver ◽

John Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Data Quality ◽

Survey Design ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Response Rates ◽

Postal Service ◽

Item Nonresponse ◽

Mail Surveys ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Impact

Best practices in mail survey design advise personalizing correspondence, but most research predates the use of address-based sampling (ABS) in which a householder’s name either cannot be matched to an address or may be matched incorrectly. Further, recent evidence casts doubt on the effectiveness of personalization. The current study examines the impact of using a personalized versus a generic salutation on response rates and data quality in an ABS mail survey of the general population. A sample of 2,000 household addresses in Wisconsin was randomly selected from the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File. For households in the personalized salutation group, all materials used the surname of the household; cases in the generic salutation group referred to the state conducting the survey. While personalization was not related to response rates, it was associated with higher levels of item nonresponse. Findings support current recommendations not to use names in ABS mail surveys.

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Efficacy of Collagen-Based Membranes in Alveolar Bone Augmentation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2048 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Na-Rae Choi ◽

George Sándor ◽

Yong-Deok Kim

Keyword(s):

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Bone Augmentation ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

X Ray ◽

Bone Maintenance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Subject ◽

One Year

Collagen-based membranes (CBMs) have similar permissive bone formation capabilities when compared to non-absorbable membranes. CBMs have been classified as non-cross-linked membranes (NCLMs) and cross-linked membranes (CLMs) depending on whether the cross-linking between the collagen fibers was artificially increased. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bone maintenance capacity between NCLMs and CLMs by comparing resorption of regenerated bone. The inclusion criteria consisted of: (1) The use of a CBM, either being an NCLM or CLM for coverage of grafted bone; (2) follow-up for more than one year; (3) the presence of the patient's orthopantomographic X-ray (OPTG) immediately following the installation of implants and one year after. The bone resorption observed in the OPTG was determined by measuring the number of exposed threads of the implant. The number of thread exposures in the implant was compared according to CBM types. OPTGs taken immediately following the installation of implants and at one year after installation were compared. The subject of the measurement was always the implant in which the greatest number of exposed threads were present in each patient. A total of 56 subjects and 97 implants were used in this study. There was no significant difference between NCLM and CLM groups (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) between the groups when a bone graft was applied to both the maxilla and the mandible. The average number of thread exposures was less than 1.5. In this study, no comparison was made between commonly known causes of bone loss and membrane types.

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Risk of venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of superficial venous incompetence

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000656 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 484-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tom Barker ◽

Felicity Evison ◽

Ruth Benson ◽

Alok Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Lower Incidence ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Foam Sclerotherapy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

One Year

Abstract. Background: The invasive management of varicose veins has a known risk of post-operative deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate absolute and relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following commonly used varicose vein procedures. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of secondary data using Hospital Episode Statistics database was performed for all varicose vein procedures performed between 2003 and 2013 and all readmissions for VTE in the same patients within 30 days, 90 days, and one year. Comparison of the incidence of VTEs between procedures was performed using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 261,169 varicose vein procedures were performed during the period studied. There were 686 VTEs recorded at 30 days (0.26 % incidence), 884 at 90 days (0.34 % incidence), and 1,246 at one year (0.48 % incidence). The VTE incidence for different procedures was between 0.15–0.35 % at 30 days, 0.26–0.50 % at 90 days, and 0.46–0.58 % at one year. At 30 days there was a significantly lower incidence of VTEs for foam sclerotherapy compared to other procedures (p = 0.01). There was no difference in VTE incidence between procedures at 90 days (p = 0.13) or one year (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Patients undergoing varicose vein procedures have a small but appreciable increased risk of VTE compared to the general population, with the effect persisting at one year. Foam sclerotherapy had a lower incidence of VTE compared to other procedures at 30 days, but this effect did not persist at 90 days or at one year. There was no other significant difference in the incidence of VTE between open, endovenous, and foam sclerotherapy treatments.

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Levels of Prothrombin Fragment F1+2 in Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia and a History of Venous Thromboembolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665405 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (05) ◽

pp. 1327-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Paul A Kyrle ◽

Andreas Stümpflen ◽

Mirko Hirschl ◽

Christine Bialonczyk ◽

Kurt Herkner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Control Group ◽

Prothrombin Fragment ◽

Hemostatic System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

System Activation ◽

One Year

SummaryIncreased thrombin generation occurs in many individuals with inherited defects in the antithrombin or protein C anticoagulant pathways and is also seen in patients with thrombosis without a defined clotting abnormality. Hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HC) is an important risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We prospectively followed 48 patients with H-HC (median age 62 years, range 26-83; 18 males) and 183 patients (median age 50 years, range 18-85; 83 males) without H-HC for a period of up to one year. Prothrombin fragment Fl+2 (Fl+2) was determined in the patient’s plasma as a measure of thrombin generation during and at several time points after discontinuation of secondary thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants. While on anticoagulants, patients with H-HC had significantly higher Fl+2 levels than patients without H-HC (mean 0.52 ± 0.49 nmol/1, median 0.4, range 0.2-2.8, versus 0.36 ± 0.2 nmol/1, median 0.3, range 0.1-2.1; p = 0.02). Three weeks and 3,6,9 and 12 months after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants, up to 20% of the patients with H-HC and 5 to 6% without H-HC had higher Fl+2 levels than a corresponding age- and sex-matched control group. 16% of the patients with H-HC and 4% of the patients without H-HC had either Fl+2 levels above the upper limit of normal controls at least at 2 occasions or (an) elevated Fl+2 level(s) followed by recurrent VTE. No statistical significant difference in the Fl+2 levels was seen between patients with and without H-HC. We conclude that a permanent hemostatic system activation is detectable in a proportion of patients with H-HC after discontinuation of oral anticoagulant therapy following VTE. Furthermore, secondary thromboprophylaxis with conventional doses of oral anticoagulants may not be sufficient to suppress hemostatic system activation in patients with H-HC.

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SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

JRAK Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Komputerisasi Akuntansi ◽

10.33558/jrak.v8i2.938 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 178-195

Author(s):

Nurma Risa

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Female Students ◽

T Test ◽

Study Program ◽

Male And Female ◽

Political Sciences ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Subject ◽

And Gender ◽

Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

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AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY DICTIONARY: “HALMOVYI” (“BRAKE”) OR “HALMIVNYI” (“BRAKING”)

Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny ◽

10.33868/0365-8392-2019-1-257-19-20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-20

Author(s):

Valentyn Merzhyievskyi ◽

Yuliya Ponomarova

Keyword(s):

Automotive Industry ◽

Motor Transport ◽

Subject Line ◽

The Subject

In order to improve the national terminology in the industry and simultaneously to coordinate it with international terms, we propose to the Ukrainian motor transport community to take part in compilation of specialized translation dictionary. The magazine «Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrainy», as indicated in the No 1 (253) 2018, have opened a new section, «Automotive Industry Dictionary», intended to publish our draft definitions of the most controversial terms in Ukrainian, with comments on their formation and scope and corresponding terms in other languages. Please, send your remarks and ideas by email indicating «Automotive Industry Dictionary» in the subject line to: [email protected].

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Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/02.10.2019/003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Dana Kubíčková ◽

◽

Vladimír Nulíček ◽

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

Input Data ◽

Model Construction ◽

The Third ◽

Third Stage ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

One Year ◽

The University ◽

Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

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Analisis Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan (Ftik) Iain Palu Pada Mata Kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Gender

Musawa: Journal for Gender Studies ◽

10.24239/msw.v9i1.404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 152-190

Author(s):

Wiwin Mistiani

Keyword(s):

Student Achievement ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Error Level ◽

Learning Achievement ◽

Learning Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Subject ◽

Evaluation Of Learning

This study aims to determine the student achievement of male and female students on the subyek Evaluation of learning and to determine of Differences in student achievement FTIK IAIN Palu on the subject evaluastion learning by gender. The approach used is descriptive quantitative. While the population in this study are all students. The sampling technique is done by using proportional random sampling technique. With the number of students 60 people then the sample = 37 students of FTIK IAIN Palu. Technique of collecting data by using test and observation while data analysis using T test.From the research, 1) the average of learning achievement in the subject of male students' learning appraisal from 19 male students who are the sample in this research is 79,42 means good category. Meanwhile, from 18 female students who became the sample of the study, the average of learning achievement in the subject of female students' learning evaluation is 77 means either. 2) There is no significant difference Student Learning Achievement FTIK) IAIN Palu On the subject Evaluation Learning Based on Gender with t value equal to = 0,0267 with t table with dk 35 with error level 5% is 0,062.

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