Herbivory, Seed Priming, and Tillage Systems: Impacts on the Growth Response of Pisum sativum L.

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livy Williams ◽  
D. J. Schotzko ◽  
L. E. O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Peg 8000

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of herbivory, seed priming, and tillage practices on the growth response of Pisum sativum L. A factorial treatment design incorporated two levels of tillage treatment (moldboard and chisel plow), three levels of seed priming [Captan, PEG (polyethylene glycol) 8000, and Captan+PEG 8000], and four levels of herbivory by Sitona lineatus (L.) (caged controls, uncaged controls, 1 weevil/plant, and 8 weevils/plant). Pisum sativum stands at approximately 75% emergence were infested for 1 wk. Sitona lineatus infestations resulted in defoliation of approximately 5, 25, and 55% for the control, low, and high weevil densities, respectively. Conservation tillage led to increased surface residue but did not affect soil moisture, temperature, or compensatory growth response of P. sativum. Seed priming treatments, incorporating PEG, led to an undercompensatory growth response of P. sativum, as did high levels of S. lineatus defoliation. Improved seed priming methods that promote vigorous seedling growth may help minimize the impacts of S. lineatus and suboptimal soil conditions on P. sativum.

Seed Priming Influences the Seed Quality and Activities of Nitrate Assimilation and Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in Pigeon Pea Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Tiwari ◽  
D. K. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Four Levels

Field experiments were conducted with four levels of seed priming including control and two varieties of pigeon pea at ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau during three consecutive years (2011-12 to 2013-14). One-year-old seeds of pigeon pea varieties (Bahar and Malviya-13) were primed with growth regulator (100 ppm GA3), in-organic salt (0.2% KNO3) and tap water (sanitized) separately for 06 hrs. and sown in field under RBD with 03 replications. Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters, biochemical attributes including nitrate assimilatory enzymes and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during seedling stage. Seed quality parameters including germination, seedling growth and vigor indices were significantly enhanced through seed priming with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water over unprimed control. Biochemical attributes viz; chlorophyll a andb contents, were more influenced with GA3 priming followed by KNO3 and tap water whereas the proline accumulation was reduced with priming treatments and maximum reduction was noted with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water. Enhancement in nitrate assimilatory enzymes including nitrate and nitrite reductase activities was more with KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water. Anti-oxidant enzymes activities including Catalase, Peroxidase and Super Oxide Dismutase were also increased significantly by KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water over unprimed control.

scholarly journals The influence of selective light on the growth reaction and antioxidant system of seedlings Pisum sativum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
O. O. Avksentieva ◽  
E.D. Batueva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
The State ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Axial Organs

Aim. Study of the effect of red (660 nm), green (530 nm) and blue (450 nm) light on the growth processes and the state of the antioxidant system in the axial organs of seedlings of pea plants. Methods. Etiolated seedlings of pea Maecenat variety were irradiated with selective light with different spectrum of RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm) to activate photoreceptor systems of plants. In 10-day-old seedlings, growth response was determined – linear growth and biomass accumulation, as well as indicators of antioxidant system – hydrogen peroxide content and activity of oxidases – catalase and nonspecific peroxidase in axial organs of seedlings: in the aboveground part and roots. Results. Irradiation of the RL and the GL stimulates the accumulation of seedling biomass in the aboveground part and roots. BL inhibits the growth response of seedlings. The maximum stimulating effect is shown by the GL. The state of the antioxidant system in etiolated seedlings is characterized by organ specificity. Under the action of selective light, the content of the main form of ROS – hydrogen peroxide and shoots and in the roots, significantly stimulates the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in the aboveground part of the seedling and is inhibited in the roots. The maximum effect in the aboveground part is shown by the GL, in the roots of the RL and the BL. Conclusions. The established effects of selective light irradiation are manifested differently in the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings. Possible mechanisms of connection of a condition of antioxidant system with separate aspects of signaling in photomorphogenesis of plants are discussed. Keywords: Pisum sativum L., selective light, RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm), growth reaction, axial organs, H2O2, catalase, peroxidase.

scholarly journals Seed Priming: An old empirical technique with new contemporary perspectives in respect to Pisum sativum L: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Gour ◽  
R. S. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Panwar ◽  
Radheshyam Sharma ◽  
Nidhi Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Slow Food ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Major Factors

Pea is a small duration pulse crop which gives a different performance in field emergence and seed yield at different soil type and environment. Major factors that deteriorate pea yield are a fungal infection at germination, low nodules formation and slow food stimulation process to seeds. For surpassing such a problem, seed priming is the best solution. Seed priming is of many types depending upon the priming material like chemicals, bio-agents, water, nanoparticles, radiations, growth hormones and many more. Using different priming technique, seed’s hormonal and metabolomic process can be altered and managed in a positive way, resulting in better germination and appropriate plant stand with greater biological and seed yield. This review deals with different priming techniques and their effect on pea crop’s germination, phenological and yield attributing traits for getting good crop establishment and better yield performance.

The influence of tillage and crop rotation on nitrogen fixation in lentil and pea

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matus ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
F. L. Walley ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
C. van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Direct seeding into standing stubble and crop diversification are two practices that are becoming widely adopted in western Canada. This study was conducted to determine: i) the influence of zero and conventional tillage on N-fixation in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), and ii) the effect of cropping history on N-fixation in lentil. Data were obtained from a crop rotation experiment being conducted on a silty clay soil in east-central Saskatchewan, which included six cereal-oilseed-cereal-pulse rotations, each managed using zero and conventional tillage practices. The finding showed that N-fixation was 10% higher by lentil and 31% higher by pea when grown using zero tillage as compared to conventional tillage practices. On average, lentil grown in highly diversified crop rotations fixed 12% more nitrogen than when grown in less diversified crop rotations. Key words: Nitrogen fixation, lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), pea (Pisum sativum L.), zero tillage, conventional tillage

scholarly journals Impacts of Tillage Technologies on Soil, Plant, Environment and Its Management: A Short Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Aqarab Husnain Gondal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Water Holding

Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil to improve physical soil conditions. In Pakistan, various tillage technologies such as primary and secondary tillage affect plant growth, incorporate organic matter residues into the soil, eradicate weeds, and prepare the bed for seed germination preventing soil erosion and preparing the ground for irrigation. Furthermore, tillage practices change soil water holding capacity, temperature, aeration, and the mixing of crop residues within the soil matrix. Today's real agricultural problems are resource depletion with declining production, decreased human resources, and rising prices and societal shifts due to different anthropogenic activities (tillage). These changes in the physical environment and the food supply of the organisms affect different groups of organisms in different ways. In addition, they are also affecting the environment health. Therefore, its management, including conservation tillage and other includes cover crop, organic residues, and direct sowing of rice seedling is necessary to mitigate the problems. The present review discusses the tillage systems effects on soil, plants, environment and their possible solutions.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tangyuan ◽  
H. Bin ◽  
J. Nianyuan ◽  
T. Shenzhong ◽  
L. Zengjia
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Capillary Porosity ◽  
Tillage Practices

A study was conducted on the effect of two single practices, including soil tillage and returning straw to soil, and their interaction on soil porosity of maize-wheat cropping system. Field experiments involved four tillage practices, including conventional tillage (C), zero-tillage (Z), harrow-tillage (H) and subsoil-tillage (S), with straw absent (A) or straw present (P). Total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of soil were investigated. The results showed that the soil total porosity of 0–10 soil layer was mostly affected; conventional tillage can increase the capillary porosity of soil, but the non-capillary porosity of S was the highest. Returning of straw can increase the porosity of soil. Through the analysis of affecting force, it can be concluded that interaction of soil tillage and straw is the most important factor to soil porosity, while the controlling factor to non-capillary porosity was soil tillage treatment.

Effect of sowing date on the severity of ascochyta blight in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in the Wimmera region of Victoria

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
P. J. Keane ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas

Field experiments were established at Horsham, in the Wimmera region ofVictoria, in 1987, 1988 and 1989 to compare the severity of ascochyta blightand grain yield of field peas sown in May, June and July. In each year, theseverity of ascochyta blight on all the pea cultivars studied was greatest onthe May-sown plots and least severe on the July-sown plots. The level of seedinfestation by ascochyta blight fungi was also highest in grain harvested fromthe plots sown earliest. In 1987, the average length of lesions girdling themain stem was 28.7 cm in the May-sown plots and 1.0 cm in the July-sown plots.In 1988, the average percentage of stem area affected by ascochyta ranged from 60.2% in the May-sown plots to 13.1% in the July-sown plots,while in 1989 the range was from 38.3% in the May-sown plots to5.8% in the July-sown plots. In 1988, delaying sowing until Julyresulted in a significant reduction in disease with only a small reduction inyield. However, in 1989 while July sowing reduced the severity of disease by 17%, compared to a June sowing, the later sowing also reduced grainyields by 40%.In a separate trial at Horsham in 1988, using cv. Buckley, disease progresswas most rapid on the April-sown plots and slowest on the August-sown plots.The final disease levels ranged from 100% of stem area affected (Aprilsowing) to 2% of stem area affected (August sowing). The yield lossescaused by the disease were greater the earlier the plots were sown.These studies suggest that the severity of disease in commercial crops may bereduced by delaying sowing until after mid-June, thus avoiding exposure ofyoung plants to high levels of primary inoculum.

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