scholarly journals Ecological safety and prospects of development of low-waste technologies in the biotechnology industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Vladislav R. Vol’nikov ◽  
◽  
Alexander Yu. Ul’yanov ◽  
Ruslan R. Salikhov ◽  
Oksana S. Durakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Horse Blood Serum ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Environmental pollution with industrial waste is an urgent problem today. A special place in the list of pollutants belongs to waste from biotechnological enterprises and industries, whose activities are related to the production of various drugs. Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» is the only manufacturer of unique immunobiological drugs in the Russian Federation – bivalent chemical cholera vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin from horse blood serum (AIG). At present, the institute actively uses fibrin as a basis for nutrient media – a waste in the production of AIG; a technology for the regeneration of alcohol waste has been developed; biologically active substances were obtained from the production waste of specific components of the cholera vaccine. The aim of the work was to assess the prospects of using waste products from the production of specific components of cholera vaccine (cholerogen-toxoid – X-AT, and O-antigen – O-AG) – formalized detoxified microbial-free filtrate (FMF), as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of industrial strains of microorganisms. It has been shown that the best methods for reducing formalin concentration are autoclaving and chemical neutralization with aqueous ammonia. During low-volume cultivation of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains on all variants of experimental media based on PBP, an increase in biomass was noted. The production of Vibrio cholerae antigens at a level comparable to that of growing on a control nutrient medium was recorded in a medium variant based on O-AG production waste. The use of FMF as a nutrient medium in the future will reduce the volume of waste generated and reduce the load on the treatment facilities of the Institute, which will increase the environmental safety of production.

scholarly journals Risk management of the negative impacts of building materials produced of production wastes on the environmental medium

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Konstantin Georgievich Pugin ◽  
Yakov Iosifovich Vaysman
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Negative Impacts

Basing on life cycle analysis of building materials produced of waste products the authors defined the formation stages of environmental risks of adverse impacts on the environment. The studies have revealed that one of the main environmental risks is the occurrence of secondary emission of pollutants from building materials produced of waste products when used by the end-user, which is not taken into account by the existing regulatory documents defining the environmental safety of construction materials. The questions of prevention of the possible negative impact of the construction materials based on or with addition of production waste while their use on the environment and population as a result of a number of natural and anthropogenic factors, which can lead to negative ecological effects, which are difficult to forecast, are not regulated enough. In the present conditions of the absence of regulatory framework of their ecological safety the wide use of production waste for obtaining construction materials without account for the possible ecological risks may lead to technogenic burden exceeding the acceptable level.The authors defined the main ways to reduce the environmental risks when using the resource potential of waste for the production of building materials by reducing the emissions of these pollutants while reducing their permeability.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah M. Faruque ◽  
M. Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ismail M. Meraj ◽  
Nityananda Chowdhury ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor which is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes for the biosynthesis of TCP are part of a larger genetic element known as the TCP pathogenicity island. To assess their pathogenic potential, we analyzed environmental strains of V. cholerae carrying genetic variants of the TCP pathogenicity island for colonization of infant mice, susceptibility to CTXΦ, and diarrheagenicity in adult rabbits. Analysis of 14 environmental strains, including 3 strains carrying a new allele of the tcpA gene, 9 strains carrying a new allele of the toxT gene, and 2 strains carrying conventional tcpA and toxT genes, showed that all strains colonized infant mice with various efficiencies in competition with a control El Tor biotype strain of V. cholerae O1. Five of the 14 strains were susceptible to CTXΦ, and these transductants produced CT and caused diarrhea in adult rabbits. These results suggested that the new alleles of the tcpA and toxT genes found in environmental strains of V. cholerae encode biologically active gene products. Detection of functional homologs of the TCP island genes in environmental strains may have implications for understanding the origin and evolution of virulence genes of V. cholerae.

scholarly journals Development of polyvalent toxoid Clostridium perfringens against anaerobic enterotoxaemia in young cattle and small ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
F.Kh. Pulotov ◽  
O.D. Nazarova ◽  
N.A. Akhmadov ◽  
A.I. Karimzoda
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Type D ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Type C ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Selection Of

The authors of the article presents the results of the development of a polyvalent toxoid from C.perfringens strains against anaerobic enterotoxaemia of young cattle and small ruminants and an assessment of its effectiveness. It is presented the data on the selection of the recipe composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation of industrial strains, the process of drug preparation, the selection of the optimal ratio of components and the method of controlling the effectiveness. Sequential cultivation of industrial strains of C.perfringens was carried out by cultivating them in flasks, bottles and bioreactors in the nutrient medium developed by the authors, consisting of: 12.0 g/l - liver extract; 25.0 g/l - casein-peptone; 3.2g/l –K2HPO4; 1.8 g/l – KH2PO4; 0.5 g/l – MgSO4. The development of the drug included the selection of optimal and balanced ratios of C. perfringens type A toxoids - 15 IU/ml, C.perfringens type B - 20 IU/ml, C.perfringens type C - 30 IU/ml, C. perfringens type D - 30 IU/ml, which ensured 100% protection of the immunized animals. Studies on laboratory and farm animals revealed the harmlessness, areactogenicity of the drug, which stimulated the development of immunity and resistance to the toxic effects of all strains of C.perfringens.

scholarly journals On measures for the efficient use of secondary resources and resource saving in a utility and construction complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Eduard S. Tshovrebov ◽  
◽  
Ural D. Niyazgulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Technical Measures

The present study is focused on the potential to reduce economic losses due to waste products generated in the utility and construction complex. The scientific research approach is based on the application of comparative, contrastive, quantitative and expert analysis methods. Domestic and foreign studies on the application of secondary resources in a closed economic cycle, as well as environmental safety require-ments at all stages of the secondary resource treatment, are analysed and systematised. The results of the authors’ own research in the field of assessment and analysis of the waste resource potential are presented. According to the obtained results, a low level of resource saving in the construction and utility sector is indi-cated due to the impossibility of characterising technological processes of these areas as non-waste or low-waste. A classification of secondary resources from the processed waste generated in the considered areas of economic activity is presented. The majority of waste materials from construction, repair, demolition and maintenance of immovable property isshown to be applicable for reuse in the production and economic cycle for both finished and semi-finished products. A set of organisational and technical measures, aimed at the reduction ofhazardous properties for such wastes and expansion of their further use in the form of secondary resources, is defined and substantiated. The organisational and technical measures presented in the study contribute to ensuring environmental protection from the negative impacts of industrial activity in the form of anthropogenic objects, such as construction and utility waste facilities, as well as to expanding the applica-tion of their resource potential.

scholarly journals Cholera Toxin Encapsulated within Several Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Inaba Outer Membrane Vesicles Lacks a Functional B-Subunit

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Rasti ◽  
Angela Brown
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Type Ii Secretion ◽  
Secondary Mechanism

Cholera toxin (CT), the major virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, is an AB5 toxin secreted through the type II secretion system (T2SS). Upon secretion, the toxin initiates endocytosis through the interaction of the B pentamer with the GM1 ganglioside receptor on small intestinal cells. In addition to the release of CT in the free form, the bacteria secrete CT in association with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Previously, we demonstrated that strain 569B releases OMVs that encapsulate CT and which interact with host cells in a GM1-independent mechanism. Here, we have demonstrated that OMV-encapsulated CT, while biologically active, does not exist in an AB5 form; rather, the OMVs encapsulate two enzymatic A-subunit (CTA) polypeptides. We further investigated the assembly and secretion of the periplasmic CT and found that a major fraction of periplasmic CTA does not participate in the CT assembly process and instead is continuously encapsulated within the OMVs. Additionally, we found that the encapsulation of CTA fragments in OMVs is conserved among several Inaba O1 strains. We further found that under conditions in which the amount of extracellularly secreted CT increases, the concentration of OMV-encapsulated likewise CTA increases. These results point to a secondary mechanism for the secretion of biologically active CT that does not depend on the CTB-GM1 interaction for endocytosis.

scholarly journals The development of a biologically active additive to reduce the blood cholesterol level

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01093
Author(s):  
I.S. Khamagaeva ◽  
N.A. Zambalova ◽  
A.V. Tsyzhipova ◽  
A.T. Bubeev
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Technological Parameters

The relationship between the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of flaxseed oil and the cholesterol-metabolizing activity of various strains of bifidobacteria was studied. The optimum dose of linseed oil in a nutrient medium for the cultivation of bifidobacteria was selected to provide high cholesterol destruction compared to the control. Of all the studied strains of bifidobacteria, the most pronounced destructive activity against cholesterol is displayed by the strain Bifidobacterium longum DK-100, which, with the biomass growth in a nutrient medium of linseed oil destroys 74% of the total cholesterol. When studying the fatty acid composition of the biomass of bifidobacteria, the oleic acid was found to predominate among monounsaturated fatty acids, and the α-linolenic acid to prevail among polyunsaturated fatty acids, that amounted to 44-45%. A decrease in the content of linolenic acid during the cultivation of bifidobacteria was noted, which is probably due to their participation of bifidobacteria in the metabolism. As a result of the studies, the optimum conditions for the cultivation of bifidobacteria were selected and the technological parameters of producing dietary supplements were justified.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Paulovičová ◽  
Elena Kováčová ◽  
Slavomír Bystrický
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Oxidative Species ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Multidrug resistance in several strains of Vibrio cholerae has encouraged anti-cholera vaccine developmental attempts using various subcellular moieties. In order to examine the immunological efficacy of detoxified LPS (dLPS)-derived saccharide immunogens, ex vivo activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MΦs) was investigated. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated via induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6 and acceleration of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunologically active structures triggered mouse peritoneal MΦs to secrete cytokines and release NO/ROS, even at concentrations as low as 12.5 μg ml−1. It was found that the O-specific polysaccharide moiety was more immunologically efficient than the glycolipid one, probably due to the position of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid. The results revealed effective structure–immunomodulating relationships of dLPS-derived moieties that are desirable in subcellular anti-cholera vaccine design.

scholarly journals The Development of New Methods of Disposal of Processing Sulfur Wastes from a Hydro-carbon Feedstock to various Sulfur Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Titovna Berberova ◽  
Nadezhda Anatol’evna Pivovarova ◽  
Valentina Nikolaevna Storozhenko ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shinkar ◽  
Ivan Vladimorovich Smolyaninov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Redox Activation ◽  
Hydro Carbon ◽  
Acidic Components

The tendency to reduce the content of sulfur compounds in particular H2S and low molecular thiols (RSH) in oil products sets the task of their extraction and disposal in order to obtain practically useful sulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can be extracted from hydrocarbon fractions using N-methylpyrrolidone-as selective solvent. Hydrogen sulfide can be extracted from the residual oil products using a low energy exposure such as ultrasound and a constant magnetic field. The releasing gas is concentrated in N-methylpyrrolidone. Further, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans can be used in the chemical synthesis of biologically active thioethers containing a catechol fragment. Another way of H2S and RSH utilization is the chemical adsorption of acidic components by modified polynuclear pivalate (acetate) zinc(II) silica gel. As a result of the interaction of complexes with H2S and RSH, it is possible to obtain zinc sulfide or zinc thiolates, which can be used in various fields of industry or agriculture. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can also be applied in the electrochemical or microvaved assisted organic synthesis. This approach is promising from the standpoint of environmental safety of synthesis and low energy costs of the reactions. The SH-functionalization of hydrocarbons (indan, indene, decalin, tetralin, naphthalene and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene) leads to obtain biologically active compounds. Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, thiols, extraction, N-methylpyrrolidone, ultrasonic and magnetic treatment, microwave, redox activation

scholarly journals Usage of nutrient Medium Based on Dry Hydrolysate of Casein in Manufacturing Bivalent Chemical Cholera Vaccine

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
N. I. Belyakova ◽  
L. F. Livanova ◽  
O. V. Gromova ◽  
O. S. Durakova ◽  
O. D. Klokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Cholera Vaccine
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