scholarly journals Characteristics of interpretative repertoires of perceiving other people in individual “images of the world”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Valeriya D. Alperovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Interpretative Repertoires ◽  
First Time

Various sociocultural, value-related and normative contexts of individual and group existence are simultaneously supported by the postmodern society. Their mismatch is partly responsible for intra- and interpersonal conflicts and crises in the system of relations. Therefore, nowadays researchers stay focused on the problem of systematizing the subject’s ideas about other people and other social phenomena. The problem is always relevant for international and Russian psychologists, since these cognitive formations affect the behavioral strategies of a person in everyday communication with people around him/her. The purpose of this theoretical study was to determine cognitive structures in interpretative repertoires of perceiving other people. The objects of the study were the phenomena of “interpretative repertoire”, “mental representations”, “social representations”, “frames”, mediating perception of communication partners as one’s “own” people and “alien” people. We formulated the hypothesis of the study regarding the interconnections of social representations, mental representations and frames as cognitive formations, which determine the interpretative repertoires in perceiving one’s “own” people and “alien” people, and those embodied in them. The following methods were applied: theoretical socio-psychological analysis of approaches to the phenomena of “interpretative repertoire”, “mental representations”, “social representations” and “frames” in Russian and foreign psychology; analysis of the results of the empirical research. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time a theoretical socio-psychological model of cognitive structures was developed in the interpretative repertoires of perceiving another person, as one’s “own” person or an “alien” person. We disclosed the interconnections between interpretative repertoires and social representations, mental representations and frames in social cognition based on the example of empirical studies of the subject’s ideas about one’s “own” people and “alien” people, “enemies” and “friends”. Their results indicate differences in the interpretative repertoires of describing another person in a metaphorical-narrative form.

scholarly journals Social representations and ideology: Theories of common sense about COVID-19 among middle-class Brazilians and their ideological implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Silva Souza ◽  
Emma O’Dwyer ◽  
Sabrine Mantuan dos Santos Coutinho ◽  
Sharmistha Chaudhuri ◽  
Laila Lilargem Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Social

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of billions of people worldwide. Individuals and groups were compelled to construct theories of common sense about the disease to communicate and guide practices. The theory of social representations provides powerful concepts to analyse the psychosocial construction of COVID-19. This study aimed to understand the social representations of COVID-19 constructed by middle-class Brazilian adults and their ideological implications, providing a social-psychological analysis of these phenomena while the pandemic is still ongoing. We adopted a qualitative approach based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted online in April-May 2020. Participants were 13 middle-class Brazilians living in urban areas. We analysed the interviews with thematic analysis and a phenomenological approach. The social representations were organised around three themes: 1) a virus originated in human actions and with anthropocentric meanings (e.g., a punishment for the human-led destruction of the environment); 2) a dramatic disease that attacks the lungs and kills people perceived to have “low immunity”; and 3) a disturbing pandemic that was also conceived as a correction event with positive consequences. The social representations included beliefs about the individualistic determination of immunity, the attribution of divine causes to the pandemic, and the need for the moral reformation of humankind. The discussion highlights the ideological implications of these theories of common sense. Socially underprivileged groups are at greater COVID-19-related risk, which the investigated social representations may contribute to conceal and naturalise.

scholarly journals Grid overlays reduce bias in mental representations of topographic maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Lars Kuchinke ◽  
Julian Keil ◽  
Dennis Edler ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Bestgen ◽  
Frank Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Map Design ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
Hexagonal Grids

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Reading spatial information from topographic maps to form mental representations that guide spatial orientation and navigation is a rather complex cognitive process. Perceptual and knowledge-driven processes interact to support the map reader in building these mental representations. The resulting cognitive maps are not one-to-one mappings of the spatial information and known to be distorted systematically. It is assumed that spatial information is hierarchically organized in these mental models. We are interested in how map design based on cognitive principles supports memory formation and leads to less distorted mental representations.</p><p>Based on the results of empirical studies we are able to show that overlaid grids in these maps address the hierarchical nature of these mental representations of map space. When map users are asked to learn object locations in a map the availability of overlaid grid layers improve object location memory. This effect is independent of the shape of these grid patterns (square grids or hexagonal grids) and, moreover, can be shown to be effective even in situations where the grids are interrupted by other maps layers (i.e. so-called illusory grids).</p><p>These results seem best explained by the formation of less distorted mental representations based on the availability of superordinate hierarchical information and the application of Gestalt principles by the map user. Thus again, point to the interaction between perceptual and knowledge-driven processes in the formation of these mental representations of map space. This assumption receives further support by eye-tracking data that reveal that grids do not only attract attention towards their own location but also seem to structure the gaze patterns in relation to the relevant object locations that are not necessarily located close to a grid line.</p>

Social representations of students with different suggestibility levels on a socially profitable person

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Factor ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

The issue of the interrelation of social representations of students with different levels of suggestibility about a socially profitable person is discussed. The content of the concept of a “socially profitable person” is revealed. The analysis of theoretical and methodological literature concretizes the content of the concepts of “social representations”, “suggestibility”. In the study we take into account the gender characteristics of the subjects. The obtained results have a scientific novelty, since this kind of work was carried out for the first time. It was found that the sample has mainly an average suggestibility level, is malleable and tends to allow other people’s ideas into their consciousness. Semantic units (descriptors) describing the ideas of a socially profitable person in boys and girls do not have significant differences. Factors were formed from the obtained descriptors: 12 – in boys, 13 – in girls, 11 factors coincided. The dominant factors were “Social and material well-being”, “Benevolence”, “Cultural and cognitive factor”. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of organizing purposeful work on the formation of a positive image of a person in demand by society. Representations determine the assessment of one’s own qualities, regulate human behavior. Further development of the problem can be aimed at expanding the sample of subjects and creating a psychological and pedagogical program.

scholarly journals Migratory lineages rapidly evolve larger body sizes than non-migratory relatives in ray-finned fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1918) ◽  
pp. 20192615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Burns ◽  
Devin D. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Body Size Evolution ◽  
First Time

Migratory animals respond to environmental heterogeneity by predictably moving long distances in their lifetime. Migration has evolved repeatedly in animals, and many adaptations are found across the tree of life that increase migration efficiency. Life-history theory predicts that migratory species should evolve a larger body size than non-migratory species, and some empirical studies have shown this pattern. A recent study analysed the evolution of body size between diadromous and non-diadromous shads, herrings, anchovies and allies, finding that species evolved larger body sizes when adapting to a diadromous lifestyle. It remains unknown whether different fish clades adapt to migration similarly. We used an adaptive landscape framework to explore body size evolution for over 4500 migratory and non-migratory species of ray-finned fishes. By fitting models of macroevolution, we show that migratory species are evolving towards a body size that is larger than non-migratory species. Furthermore, we find that migratory lineages evolve towards their optimal body size more rapidly than non-migratory lineages, indicating body size is a key adaption for migratory fishes. Our results show, for the first time, that the largest vertebrate radiation on the planet exhibited strong evolutionary determinism when adapting to a migratory lifestyle.

scholarly journals State of the art of social representations theory in Asia: An empirical meta-theoretical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Silvana de Rosa ◽  
Mihaela-Alexandra Gherman
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Representations Theory

AbstractPart of a larger research project aimed at performing the meta-theoretical analysis of the worldwide literature published on social representations theory (SRT), this article explores the state of art of the theory in the geocultural context of Asia, spatially and temporally, as well as from a conceptual, disciplinary, theoretical, empirical and thematic point of view. The Grid for MetaTheoretical Analysis was used on 194 sources, extracted from the So.Re.Com “A.S. de Rosa”@-library. Multi-step strategies of data analyses offer a diversified picture of findings: (a) descriptive statistics and geomapping with Tableau Desktop the bibliometric impact country by country; (b) structural multidimensional view of significant intersections between “meta-data” performing hierarchical clustering on the top of the multiple correspondence analysis. The three clusters detected reveal a shift from a more generic and applied tradition of research on SRT in 2002–2011 to a more theoretically oriented empirical research trend starting from 2011, identifying the scientific production anchored into different Asian regions (Indonesia, China and Israel) and mainly differentiated by the methodology employed. Results revealed that SRT was adopted due to its epistemological and empirical compatibilities with the purpose of creating an original Asian social psychology, interested in indigenous social phenomena specific to cultural backgrounds.

scholarly journals Interethnic Generalizations and Stereotypes in Mental Representations of Image of ‘The Other’ in Social Representations of Russian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Oksana Noyanzina ◽  
Svetlana Maximova ◽  
Natalia Goncharova ◽  
Daria Omelchenko ◽  
Galina Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
The Other

AN OPINION FORMATION MODEL WITH TWO STAGES

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO SHEN ◽  
YUN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crucial Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The opinion formation process is a general phenomenon in community and society. In recent years, several models of opinion formation have been proposed; however, most models mainly focus on describing views exchange between individuals and interaction between individuals and the environment. In this paper, we present an opinion formation model which takes into account the initial state of opinions and the contacting process with topics. The model involves two stages. The first one is the process in which individuals contact a given topic for the first time and the second one is the social interaction process between individuals. Using the proposed model, we simulate opinion formation process with several sets of parameters. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model may be successfully used for opinion formation simulations. It is also found that the initial state and contacting process have significant influence on opinion formation. Moreover, the model could be helpful for understanding some social phenomena such as quick formation of public opinion about certain topic and the crucial effect of small fluctuations on opinion distribution.

scholarly journals Social Factors Influence on Accounting Students Attitude to Use Games Based Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Silva ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues ◽  
Carmem Leal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The general objective of this article is to analyze the impacts of a gamified resource created (Accountingame) as learning tools to teach the curricular unit of Accounting. Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to investigate social factors such as Social Influence, Recognition and Reciprocal Benefits, which are predictors of Attitude to use this kind of game like a learning accounting tool. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of empirical studies that analyze the application, viability, and effectiveness of gamified resources in the teaching areas of knowledge, such as Accounting. The game was used by students of Accounting (n = 816) for the first time in the scope of Higher Education in Portugal in the academic year 2018/2019. Results of this research suggest the importance of these resources to increase Attitude, Continued Use Intention and Intention to Word of Mouth related to Games Based Learning as an effective method of support for the learning process of accounting students. We believe that this study can be a contributor to researchers in this area to understand why the study of Accounting is genuinely challenging for students. This research will be enabling managers of Higher Education Institutions, professors and other educational agents to decide on the best strategies to use in order to increase student involvement in Accounting learning.

scholarly journals How Kids Understand Health and Illness: Some Reflections from and for the Theory of Social Representations

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-A. Aim ◽  
L. Dany ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Theory Of Social Representations

The purpose of the article is twofold: 1) to argue about utility and advantages of the social representational perspective applied to the field of health and illness in case of children, 2) to discuss the potential and fertility of cultural-historical psychology for the development of the theory of social representations (SRs). The studies concerning the children’s understanding of health and illness are analysed. The limitations of the perspective to study mental representations of health and illness are revealed. The relevance and thepotential of the theory of SRs on the problem of children’s understanding of health and illness are discussed. The article reviews the four main theoretical approaches to SRs analysis. It is highlighted that genesis of the SRs is a zone of proximal development (or better to say zona blizhaishego razvitia) of the theory of SRs. The final part of the article dwells on the main points of the cultural-historical psychology in order to reveal some insights for the development of the theory of SRs.

scholarly journals Econometric Modelling of the Fiscal Pressure on the Equilibrium of a Sample of Entities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Batrancea ◽  
Ioan-Dan Morar ◽  
Liviu Bechis ◽  
Sandor Csegedi ◽  
Catalin Sabau
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Financial Equilibrium ◽  
Econometric Modelling ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself the maintenance of the enterprise of the competitive market. The financial equilibrium is analysed in numerous empirical studies. In this empirical study we highlight for the first time in a research the impact that taxation has on the financial equilibrium of some companies over ten years, period that includes the pre-crisis, the financial crisis and post-crisis periods.

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