scholarly journals Contamination of Soil and Vegetation with Developmental Forms of Parasites in the Area of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Omeragić ◽  
Naida Kapo ◽  
Davor Alagić ◽  
Darinka Klarić Soldo ◽  
Teufik Goletić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health It ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Vegetation Samples ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Background: According to the WHO (2019), more than 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected with soil-transmitted parasites. Previous research in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) was mainly conducted in the area of the Sarajevo Canton. Therefore, the aim of the research was to explore contamination of soil and vegetation with developmental forms of parasites in the other cantons of FB&H. Methods: Between Apr and Oct 2018, a total of 1,618 soil and vegetation samples were taken from 386 different locations in the 9 cantons of the FB&H. Results: Positive samples were observed, 65/66 (98.48%) municipalities/cities and on 239/386 (61.92%) locations. Out of 1,618 samples taken in total (1,263 soil samples and 355 vegetation samples), 357 (22.06%) were positive, out of which 337 (26.68%) and 20 (5.63%) were soil and plant samples, respectively. In total, the following adult and developmental forms were identified: Taeniidae eggs (7.30%), Toxocara spp. eggs (62.08%), Ancylostomatidae eggs (25.00%), Trichuris spp. eggs (9.55%), Capillaria spp. eggs (3.37%), Toxascaris leonina eggs (1.40%), Nematodes larvae (19.38%), Giardia duodenalis cysts (5.06%), Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts (1.4%), oocysts and cysts of different species of Protozoa (3.93%). Conclusion: The identified developmental forms of parasites pose a permanent threat to human health. It is necessary to carry out measures to reduce the contamination of soil and vegetation in coordination with systematic solutions (legislation), paralelly with contribution of animal owners, veterinarians, physicians, ecologists, parents and all the others involved in this issue.

Distribution of heavy metals in different tissues of Indian mackerelfrom Karachi fish harbour, Karachi, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quratulan Ahmed ◽  
Semra Benzer ◽  
Farzana Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health It ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Indian Mackerel ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Different Tissues

In this study, Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) concentrations were determined in muscle, liver, kidney, gills and gonads of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) collected from Karachi fish Harbour, Karachi coast, Pakistan, during August 2006 and December 2011. Generally, the fish showed the highest level of Ni (2.26+0.89 µg g-1), Pb (1.45+0.40 µg g-1), Cd (2.07+0.75 µg g-1) and Cr (1.52+0.69 µg g-1) in the liver. The studied metals were the most abundant in the liver than the other organs of the fish. The amount of metal accumulation in fish tissues was evaluated in terms of human health. It was seen that bioaccumulations in muscle tissues of the fish caught from Karachi coast of Pakistan did not exceed the limit values.

scholarly journals Phytophthora capsiciEpidemic Dispersion on Commercial Pepper Fields in Aguascalientes, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Zapata-Vázquez ◽  
Mario Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Alicia del-Río-Robledo ◽  
Héctor Silos-Espino ◽  
Catarino Perales-Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Local Plant

Chili pepper blight observed on pepper farms from north Aguascalientes was monitored for the presence ofPhytophthora capsiciduring 2008–2010. Initially, ELISA tests were directed to plant samples from greenhouses and rustic nurseries, showing an 86% of positive samples. Later, samples of wilted plants from the farms during the first survey were tested with ELISA. The subsequent survey on soil samples included mycelia isolation and PCR amplification of a 560 bp fragment of ITS-specific DNA sequence ofP. capsici. Data was analyzed according to four geographical areas defined by coordinates to ease the dispersal assessment. In general, one-third of the samples from surveyed fields containedP. capsici, inferring that this may be the pathogen responsible of the observed wilt. Nevertheless, only five sites from a total of 92 were consistently negative toP. capsici. The presence of this pathogen was detected through ELISA and confirmed through PCR. The other two-thirds of the negative samples may be attributable toFusariumandRhizoctonia, both isolated instead ofPhytophthorain these areas. Due to these striking results, this information would be of interest for local plant protection committees and farmers to avoid further dispersal of pathogens to new lands.

Soil contamination with ascarid eggs in playgrounds in Kirikkale, Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aydenizöz Özkayhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Human Health Hazard ◽  
Potential Human Health ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractContamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in eight playgrounds in Kırıkkale, Turkey was investigated monthly from February 2003 to January 2004. Dog faeces were also collected and all samples were examined using the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation method. Eggs of Toxocara were observed in 5 of 8 (62.5%) of playgrounds examined and in 15.6% of 480 soil samples. The number of eggs varied from 1 to 11. Eggs were observed in soil samples collected in February, March to June, August and November, with embryonated eggs appearing in June and August. Eggs of Toxascaris leonina and Taenia spp. and oocysts of Isospora spp. were also found in 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.2% of soil samples, respectively. Of 26 samples of dog faeces collected, 7.7% were contaminated with Toxocara spp. and 11.5% with Taenia spp. The presence of Toxocara eggs in the city playgrounds and dog populations suggests a potential human health hazard due to toxocariasis.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Spp. and Giardia Duodenalis in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Hodžić ◽  
Amer Alić ◽  
Jasmin Omeragić
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Source Of Infection

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis among free-living red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose, a total of 123 fecal samples from red foxes, shot during hunting seasons between January 2011 and March 2012 were examined using immunofluorescent microscopy. Overall, observed prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 3.2 % (4/123) and 7.3% (9/123), respectively. The results show that foxes might play the role of potential reservoirs of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites, but further molecular analysis are necessary to elucidate the source of infection, routes of transmission and zoonotic potential of these two pathogens.

Soil and Vegetation Pollution from an Abandoned Mining Area Situated in Hunedoara County, Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dinu ◽  
Eleonora Mihaela Ungureanu ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Lidia Kim ◽  
Ioana Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Vegetation Samples ◽  
Nickel Lead

The soils situated near the abandoned mines are highly polluted with metals due to the discharge and dispersion of mine waste into nearby air, water (surface and groundwater) and soil. Heavy metals may be transferred to humans through ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption and can produce serious health problems affect the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, hematopoietic function and cellular metabolism. This paper investigates the presence of metallic elements from fourteen soil samples (seven sampling points) and thirty-six vegetation samples (different types of leaves, plants, roots and tree barks). The samples were collected from six different sites located in an abandoned mining area and from a point (blank sample) located 5 km in the SV direction of the quarry. The results obtained for soil samples show an overrun of the alert and / or intervention threshold for the following metals: arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. The analytical investigation for vegetation samples indicated that concentration for calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc were situated over the normal range in some samples. The analytical investigations were performed by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The study�s conclusion indicates that, as result of soil acidic pH and high mobility of some metals, metallic elements migrate from soil to vegetation.

Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Shahare ◽  
Rajni Grover ◽  
Suman Meena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Palladized Iron ◽  
The Impact

Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.

scholarly journals Olive mill wastewater effects on durum wheat crop attributes and soil microbial activities: A pilot study in Syria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Khalil ◽  
Hasan Habib ◽  
Michael Alabboud ◽  
Safwan Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Olive Mill

AbstractOlive mill wastewater is one of the environmental problems in semiarid regions. The main goals of this study were to investigate the impacts of different olive mill wastewater levels on durum wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Douma1) production and soil microbial activities (i.e., bacteria and fungi). A pot experiment was conducted during the growing seasons 2015/2017 to evaluate the effect of three levels of olive mill wastewater on both growth and productivity attributes of wheat. Vertisol soil samples were collected from southern Syria. Two months before wheat cultivation, three levels of olive mill wastewater: T5 (5 L/m 2), T10 (10 L/m2) and T15 (15 L/m 2) were added to pots filled with the collected soil samples. Also, a control (T0) free of olive mill wastewater was considered as a reference. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in germination rate (%), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), kernels number, kernels weight per ear (g) and grain yield (g/m2) compared to control. However, T5 treatment did not induce a significant increase in terms of ear length, kernels weight per ear or yield (in the second season). On the other hand, T10 treatment had recorded the best results compared with the other two treatments (T5, T15). Similarly, the results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial and fungi cells by increasing olive mill wastewater concentration. This research provides promising results toward using olive mill wastewater in an eco-friendly way under Syrian conditions.

scholarly journals A Risk Assessment for Ozone Regulation Based on Statistical Rollback

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Yongku Kim ◽  
Jeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Models ◽  
Health It ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Ozone Regulation ◽  
Ozone Levels

In environmental studies, it is important to assess how regulatory standards for air pollutants affect public health. High ozone levels contribute to harmful air pollutants. The EPA regulates ozone levels by setting ozone standards to protect public health. It is thus crucial to assess how various regulatory ozone standards affect non-accidental mortality related to respiratory deaths during the ozone season. The original rollback approach provides an adjusted ozone process under a new regulation scenario in a deterministic fashion. Herein, we consider a statistical rollback approach to allow for uncertainty in the rollback procedure by adopting the quantile matching method so that it provides flexible rollback sets. Hierarchical Bayesian models are used to predict the potential effects of different ozone standards on human health. We apply the method to epidemiologic data.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Shutdown: A Qualitative Study on Pearls and Pitfalls

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Naciye Güliz Uğur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Long Term Impact

The extraordinary and tragic conditions that humanity has not experienced before in the modern period have become ordinary, namely, a “new normal” with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has had frightening consequences for human health and has caused one million deaths as of September 2020. On the other hand, it has set a new standard of good habits, approaches, and benefits. Due to its global and long-term impact, this unique virus has laid the groundwork for unprecedented helping and sharing behaviors between people and countries. In this study, findings are compiled from the open-ended responses of 626 individuals, all of whom live in Turkey. Within the study’s scope, individuals were asked about the unique advantages and disadvantages of the restrictions imposed under COVID-19. While the categories of economy, social distance, and health came to the fore among the harms, the strengthening of family ties, adoption of technology, and the spread of solidarity culture were mentioned among the advantages.

scholarly journals Promoting ‘Positive Stories’ of Help and Rescue from the 1992-1995 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An Alternative to the Dichotomy of Guilt and Victimhood?

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Moll
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

AbstractPublic discourses about wars and mass violence are often dominated by questions of guilt and victimhood as well as a focus on the figures of ‘perpetrators’ and ‘victims’. This can also be observed concerning the public remembrance of the 1992-1995 conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina. However, attempts were made here to promote the memory of another war-related figure: that of the rescuer who helped people ‘from the other side’. The author analyses these attempts at remembrance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and places them within the context of global efforts to publicly acknowledge rescuers, in particular the ‘Righteous Among the Nations’.

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