scholarly journals Anti-Toxoplasma Effect of Hydroalchohlic Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz in Cell Culture and Murine Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Jafari ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Soleiman Kheiri ◽  
Kourosh Manochehri Naeini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration

Background: We examined anti-Toxoplasma effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz (T. chebula) in cell culture and murine model. Methods: The study was conducted in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2017. Half maximal effective (concentration (EC50) of T. chebula extract and pyrimethamine was determined in infected Hela cells by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In the animal model, BALB/c mice were injected with tachyzoites (104) of T. RH strain intraperitoneally. 24h after the injection, the test groups were orally treated with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of T. chebula extract for 7 days. The survival rate of the mice was determined and blood samples were collected to determine the amount of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity. Then peritoneal fluid of the mice was collected to count the number of tachyzoites and after necropsy, the pathologic changes, including the weight of liver, spleen and kidneys were investigated. The analysis of data was accomplished using SPSS. Results: EC50 values were 94.7μg/mL and 290.50μg/mL for T. chebula and pyrimethamine respectively. In the animal model, the extract of T. chebula in concentration of 100 mg/kg showed the same anti-Toxoplasma effect as pyrimethamine. This concentration of the extract decreased number of intraperitoneal tachyzoites and increased the survival rate of the mice. This extract reduced the levels of serum MDA and tissue inflammation and increased serum antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: Regarding the positive effect of extract, after more clinical trials in the animal model and standardization of the extract, it can be used as an alternative or complementary therapy for toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

scholarly journals Efficacy of SCH27899 in an Animal Model of Legionnaires' Disease Using Immunocompromised A/J Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan K. Brieland ◽  
David Loebenberg ◽  
Fred Menzel ◽  
Roberta S. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Lung Infections

ABSTRACT The efficacy of SCH27899, a new everninomicin antibiotic, against replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infections in an immunocompromised host was evaluated using a murine model of Legionnaires' disease. A/J mice were immunocompromised with cortisone acetate and inoculated intratracheally with L. pneumophilaserogroup 1 (105 CFU per mouse). At 24 h postinoculation, mice were administered either SCH27899 (6 to 60 mg/kg [MPK] intravenously) or a placebo once daily for 5 days, and mortality and intrapulmonary growth of L. pneumophila were assessed. In the absence of SCH27899, there was 100% mortality inL. pneumophila-infected mice, with exponential intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. In contrast, administration of SCH27899 at a dose of ≥30 MPK resulted in ≥90% survival of infected mice, which was associated with inhibition of intrapulmonary growth ofL. pneumophila. In subsequent studies, the efficacy of SCH27899 was compared to ofloxacin (OFX) and azithromycin (AZI). Administration of SCH27899, OFX, or AZI at a dose of ≥30 MPK once daily for 5 days resulted in ≥85% survival of infected mice and inhibition of intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. However, L. pneumophila CFU were recovered in lung homogenates following cessation of therapy with all three antibiotics. These studies demonstrate that SCH27899 effectively prevents fatal replicativeL. pneumophila lung infection in immunocompromised A/J mice by inhibition of intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. However, in this murine model of pulmonary legionellosis, SCH27899, like OFX and AZI, was bacteriostatic.

scholarly journals LGK974 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in mice by modulating the crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-421
Author(s):  
Jaewoong Jang ◽  
Jaewon Song ◽  
Hyunji Lee ◽  
Inae Sim ◽  
Young V. Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Plasma Cytokine ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Cytokine Levels

AbstractEndotoxemia, a type of sepsis caused by gram-negative bacterial endotoxin [i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], is associated with manifestations such as cytokine storm; failure of multiple organs, including the liver; and a high mortality rate. We investigated the effect and mechanism of action of LGK974, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, in mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia, an animal model of sepsis. LGK974 significantly and dose-dependently increased the survival rate and reduced plasma cytokine levels in mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Transcriptome analysis of liver tissues revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with the Wnt pathway as well as cytokine and NF-κB signaling during endotoxemia. LGK974 treatment suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling and cytokine expression as well as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the livers of endotoxemic mice. Coimmunoprecipitation of phospho-IκB and β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) was increased in the livers of endotoxemic mice but was reduced by LGK974 treatment. Moreover, LGK974 treatment decreased the coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization of β-catenin and NF-κB, which were elevated in the livers of endotoxemic mice. Our results reveal crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways via interactions between β-TrCP and phospho-IκB and between β-catenin and NF-κB during endotoxemia. The results of this study strongly suggest that the crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways contributes to the mutual activation of these two pathways during endotoxemia, which results in amplified cytokine production, liver damage and death, and that LGK974 suppresses this vicious amplification cycle by reducing the crosstalk between these two pathways.

scholarly journals Simultaneous alterations in ovaries and bone as a result of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia de Oliveira Bonfá ◽  
Eduardo Donato Alves ◽  
Víctor Fabrício ◽  
Keico Okino Nonaka ◽  
Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widely recognized endocrine disorders affecting reproductive-age women. The etiopathogenesis and mechanisms of this syndrome remain unclear. Diagnosis requires two of the following: polycystic ovaries, oligo- or anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Most women with PCOS display conditions such as metabolic abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and/or bone dysfunction. Considering the ethical limitations of human studies, animal and cell culture models that reflect some features of PCOS are important for investigation of this syndrome. The aim of the present work was to study some of the endocrine relationships between ovaries and bone tissue in a polycystic ovary syndrome animal model. The study was performed using an estradiol valerate PCOS-induced rat model (n = 30) and bone mesenchymal stem cell cultured from bone marrow of those animals. It was hypothesized that changes of the endocrine relationship between ovaries and bones could be observed in from in vivo animal model and in vitro cell culture assays. The ovarian morphological and endocrine changes seem to be correlated with endocrine, biophysical, and biomechanical changes in bone properties. Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from PCOS-induced rats, cultured for up to 21 days and differentiated into osteoblasts, presented lower viability and reduced mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these results indicate important endocrine and structural effects of PCOS in ovaries and bones, contributing to part of the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS.

scholarly journals Screening and Evaluation of Saline–Alkaline Tolerant Germplasm of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Soda Saline–Alkali Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Tetsuo Takano ◽  
Shenkui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Alkaline Tolerance ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Alkaline Tolerant

The improvement and development of saline–alkali land is of great significance for promoting food production and sustainable development. It is necessary to study the mechanism of saline–alkaline tolerance and breed saline–alkaline tolerant crops to improve the utilization of saline–alkali land. For this study, we conducted a three-year pot experiment to screen the saline–alkaline tolerant germplasm of 72 rice genotypes from hundreds of elite cultivars during the whole growth period using a certain proportion of soda saline–alkali soil. The selected salt-tolerant variety was combined with a salt-sensitive variety to analyze the saline–alkaline tolerance mechanism by using the saline–alkaline soil leachate. We eliminated 36 genotypes with low seedling survival rates under salt–alkali stress, and the salt-tolerant Jiudao-66 (D68) variety had a higher survival rate than most varieties. The membership degree of Jiudao-66, according to the salt tolerance index of multiple agronomic traits, is higher than that of 34 varieties, with a higher survival rate except when compared to D36. The survival rate and these salt tolerance indexes of Jiudao-66 were significantly higher than those of Kitaake (salt-sensitive). Under the stress of leachate, the content of proline and soluble sugars in the shoots of Jiudao-66 were higher than that of Kitaake, and the total antioxidant capacity was stronger than that of Kitaake. However, the content of malondialdehyde was lower than that of Kitaake. Additionally, the Na+/K+ ratios in shoots and roots were not significantly differently between Kitaake and Jiudao-66. The results showed that Jiudao-66, as a salt-tolerant variety, is more tolerant to salt and alkali in a near-natural state due to its stronger tolerance of osmotic stress, and it can accumulate more proline and soluble sugars under stress. At the same time, Jiudao-66 also has a stronger antioxidant capacity. Its ion regulation ability has no obvious advantage.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage and Sustains Performance across Repeated Exercise Bouts in Humans and Improves Antioxidant Capacity in a Mechanistic Animal

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Matthew Sharp ◽  
Kazim Sahin ◽  
Matthew Stefan ◽  
Cemal Orhan ◽  
Raad Gheith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Human Trial ◽  
Cross Training ◽  
Repeated Exercise ◽  
Training Event

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of antioxidant-rich marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix, OCX) on performance and muscle damage following a cross-training event in endurance-trained subjects. Additionally, an animal model was carried out to assess the effects of varying dosages of OCX, with exercise, on intramuscular antioxidant capacity. Methods: In the human trial, endurance-trained subjects (average running distance = 29.5 ± 2.6 miles × week−1) were randomly divided into placebo (PLA) and OCX (25 mg) conditions for 14 days. The subjects were pre-tested on a one-mile uphill run, maximal isometric strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) power, and for muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)). On Day 12, the subjects underwent a strenuous cross-training event. Measures were reassessed on Day 13 and 14 (24 h and 48 h Post event). In the animal model, Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7): (i) Control (no exercise and placebo (CON)), (ii) Exercise (E), (iii) Exercise + OCX 1 (Oceanix, 2.55 mg/day, (iv) Exercise + OCX 2 (5.1 mg/day). The rats performed treadmill exercise five days a week for 6 weeks. Intramuscular antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and muscle damage (CK and myoglobin (MYOB) were collected. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and t-test for select variables. The alpha value was set at p < 0.05. Results: For the human trial, SJ power lowered in PLA relative to OCX at 24 h Post (−15%, p < 0.05). Decrements in isometric strength from Pre to 48 h Post were greater in the PLA group (−12%, p < 0.05) than in the OCX. Serum CK levels were greater in the PLA compared to the OCX (+14%, p < 0.05). For the animal trial, the intramuscular antioxidant capacity was increased in a general dose-dependent manner (E + Oc2 > E + Oc1 > E > CON). Additionally, CK and MYOB were lower in supplemented compared to E alone. Conclusions: Phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix) sustains performance and lowers muscle damage across repeated exercise bouts. The ingredient appears to operate through an elevating oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cidofovir in a Murine Model of Disseminated Progressive Vaccinia

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2267-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Neyts ◽  
Pieter Leyssen ◽  
Erik Verbeken ◽  
Erik De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT An animal model that mimics progressive disseminated vaccinia was elaborated. To this end nude (athymic) mice were inoculated intracutaneously with vaccinia virus in the lumbosacral area. Viral replication (DNA) in the skin was detected as early as day 2 postinfection (p.i.). Mice developed typical vaccinia lesions at the site of inoculation by day 4 to 6 p.i. By about 2 weeks p.i., the infection had spread all over the body, a situation reminiscent of disseminated vaccinia in humans. The infection resulted in viremia and spread of the virus to visceral organs, as well as to the brain. Topical treatment with cidofovir, initiated at the day of infection or at day 1 p.i., completely protected against virus-induced cutaneous lesions and against associated mortality. When treatment was initiated at a later time (day 2 to 5 p.i.), a partial but marked protective effect was noted, which can be explained by the fact that by that time, the virus had spread from the skin to the visceral organs. Next, infected animals were left untreated until the time (∼2 weeks p.i.) at which disseminated vaccinia had developed. When systemic treatment with cidofovir was initiated at that time, it caused lesions to heal and regress. In most of these animals, lesions had completely (or almost completely) disappeared by day 10 to 15 after the start of therapy. The observation that cidofovir is able to cause healing of disseminated vaccinia lesions in animals should have implications for the therapy of complications of vaccination against smallpox.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Evernimicin (SCH27899) In Vitro and in an Animal Model of Lyme Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Pavia ◽  
Gary P. Wormser ◽  
John Nowakowski ◽  
Anthony Cacciapuoti
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
C3h Mice

ABSTRACT The MICs of evernimicin at which 90% of Borrelia burgdorferi patient isolates were inhibited ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 μg/ml. Evernimicin was as effective as ceftriaxone againstB. burgdorferi in a murine model of experimental Lyme disease. As assessed by culturing the urinary bladders of infected C3H mice, no live Borrelia isolates were recoverable following antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Orally Delivered Cochleates Containing Amphotericin B in a Murine Model of Aspergillosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2704-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delmas ◽  
S. Park ◽  
Z. W. Chen ◽  
F. Tan ◽  
R. Kashiwazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Oral Doses

ABSTRACT Cochleates containing amphotericin B (CAMB) were administered orally at doses ranging from 0 to 40 mg/kg of body weight/day for 14 days in a murine model of systemic aspergillosis. The administration of oral doses of CAMB (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) resulted in a survival rate of 70% and a reduction in colony counts of more than 2 logs in lungs, livers, and kidneys. Orally administered CAMB shows promise for the treatment of aspergillosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document