scholarly journals Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation from University Students’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mirzaee ◽  
Azize Alizade ◽  
Behnaz Dowran ◽  
Akram Shafiezadeh
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Version ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Objective: This study investigated whether a sample of Iranian university students considered posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) as negative or positive. Also, possible gender and religiosity differences in understanding of changes in PTD and PTG were evaluated. Method: The present cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019-2020. The target sample Consisted of 298 students (mean age = 23.79) from 3 Universities in Esfahan and Tehran (Iran), recruited by convenience sampling. The sample answered to the scales, including Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Posttraumatic Depreciation Inventory; and Iranian version of The Clark and Stark Religious questionnaire. Results: Despite the overall support for the PTG and PTD constructs, the present study showed that there are cross-cultural differences that can affect people's perception of item evaluation positively or negatively. In this study, almost all items that were evaluated differently with operationally defined PTG and PTD belonged to “Relating to Others” factor. The result also displayed gender and religiosity differences in perceptions of growth and depreciation. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to identify the concept of PTG and PTD in each culture and the individual differences that may affect the perception of PTG and PDT be considered.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Kamel Miroud ◽  
Amar Benlakehal ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Statistical Association

Aim: The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection both at herd and within herd and at determining risk factors that are associated with its seropositivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 cows distributed over seven herds located in two North-Eastern Algerian provinces were blood sampled in order to be tested for the presence of antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The individual seroprevalence of N. caninum was found to be 12.22%, and six of the seven herds tested had at least one seropositive cow. The logistic regression model revealed that abortion (odds ratio [OR]=29.15) and parity (OR=7.38) were positively associated with the seropositivity of animals on an individual basis. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of N. caninum infection in cattle in North-Eastern Algeria. However, a widespread infection rate of 85.71% and its significant statistical association with previous abortion (OR=29.15) need further investigations.

scholarly journals Developing a Japanese Version of The Short Form of The Expanded Version of The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-X-SF-J): A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei Oshiro ◽  
Takafumi Soejima ◽  
Sachiko Kita ◽  
Kayla Benson ◽  
Satoshi Kibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory

Abstract Background The 10-item short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) has been utilized worldwide. However, there is no Japanese version. Furthermore, the PTGI-SF does not capture a broader category of existential spiritual growth that has been incorporated in the more recent Expanded version of the PTG Inventory (PTGI-X). Thus, we developed a Japanese version of the Short Form (PTGI-X-SF-J), which reflects more diverse perspectives on existential and spiritual growth. Methods A cross-sectional study using questionnaires was conducted in Japan. The first sample consisted of 408 university students, and the second sample comprised 284 university students. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using data from the first sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and reliability and validity were confirmed using the second sample. Results The PTGI-X-SF-J is composed of 10 items including two items from each of the five subscales of the PTGI-X, similar to the original version of the PTGI-SF, and this model fits the data well. Items concerning existential/spiritual change in the PTGI-X-SF-J were “I feel more connected with all of existence” and “I have a greater sense of harmony with the world,” which were not included in the original PTGI-SF. The score of the PTGI-X-SF-J was significantly correlated with the scores of the Core Beliefs Inventory and the Event Related Rumination Inventory-Deliberate; however, no correlation was observed with the scores of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Conclusions We developed the PTGI-X-SF-J using 10 items to measure PTG among people whose first language is Japanese and confirmed its factor structure, reliability, and validity. The PTGI-X-SF-J is useful for assessing PTG more efficiently and accurately as it considers more diverse spiritual/existential experiences of personal growth and reduces physical and psychological burdens due to its brevity.

scholarly journals Gender Identity of Students and Teachers: Implications for a Sustainable Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeļena Badjanova ◽  
Anita Pipere ◽  
Dzintra Iliško
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractConsidering the gender identity as a crucial aspect of the culture that shapes our daily life and recognising the research gap on this topic in the context of sustainable education, the paper describes the quantitative cross-sectional study on gender identity of students and teachers comparing the respondents by their age and sex. Three age groups (106 female and 62 male) participated in the study: 18-19-years-old pupils from comprehensive and vocational schools (n=59), 20-15-years-old university students (n=52) and 24-64- years-old teachers working at respective schools and universities (n=57). The original Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to measure the individual gender identity types of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny. The majority of respondents from all age and sex groups described themselves as androgynous. Male and university students featured the scattering of scores more toward masculinity, while the scores of female, pupils, and teachers were more inclined toward femininity. No statistically significant differences were found among the three age groups, while sex appeared to be more influential factor causing significant differences between male and female in terms of gender identity with male’s inclination toward masculinity and female’s inclination toward femininity. Dominance of androgynous individuals challenges the current approaches to the gender education in the context of sustainable development.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

What Determines The Migration Intentions Of University Students?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Heiko Haase ◽  
Arndt Lautenschläger
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

AbstractThe paper aims at exploring determinants of the university students' intentions to stay within their university region. At this, we presume that students' career choice motivations are related to their professional intentions, which again, along with demographic characteristics, affect their migration decision. Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of 2,353 students from three different higher education institutions, two of them located in Germany and one in Namibia. Results indicate that in Germany migration matters because a considerable proportion of students intend to leave the university region after graduation. At this, we found that the students' geographical provenance exerts the most significant effect on the intention to stay. Moreover, certain professional intentions were directly and some career choice motivations were indirectly linked with the intention to remain at the university location. We present several conclusions and implications.

Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, and Factors Associated with Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Hyponatremia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many cases. The mainstay of hyponatremia treatment depends on its symptoms and etiology. However, etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia have been rarely reported. Objective: To analyze and report etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the authors enrolled hospitalized patients with hyponatremia who had consulted a nephrologist between October 1, 2017, and October 31, 2018. Their baseline characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded. Etiologies were confirmed by the attending nephrology staff. Factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred patients were included in this study. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use were the leading hyponatremia etiologies. Hyponatremia etiologies differed between patients with community-acquired hyponatremia (n=50) and those with hospital-associated hyponatremia (n=50). Patients with communityacquired hyponatremia were older, presented with a higher frequency of severe symptomatic hyponatremia, and showed lower SNa-levels. Low SNa-levels were significantly associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia (p=0.014). Conclusion: Hyponatremia remains an important health problem. SIAD, hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use are among the leading etiologies of hyponatremia. Low SNa-levels are associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia; thus, physicians should pay close attention to low SNa-levels in hospitalized patients. Keywords: Hyponatremia, Symptomatic Hyponatremia, Community-acquired hyponatremia, Hospital-associated hyponatremia

scholarly journals Neuroenhancement in French and Romanian University Students, Motivations and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Irina Brumboiu ◽  
Alessandro Porrovecchio ◽  
Thierry Peze ◽  
Remy Hurdiel ◽  
Irina Cazacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Students Attitudes

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the use of neuroenhancers, the motivations and factors associated with their use in French and Romanian university students. Students from two universities in France (Rouen and Opal Coast University) and one in Romania (Cluj-Napoca) were asked to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, either online or on paper, about the use of three different categories of substance: Prescription drugs (methylphenidate, modafinil, and beta-blockers), drugs of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines), and soft enhancers (coffee, vitamins, caffeine tablets, and energy drinks). In total, 1110 students were included: The users were 2.2% for prescription drugs, 4.3% for drugs of abuse, and 55.0% for soft enhancers. Students used neuroenhancement to stay awake for study (69.3%), to improve concentration (55.5%), to decrease stress (40.9%), and to improve memory (39.6%). Neuroenhancement was considered to meet expectations by 74.4% of users. The factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse were frequent binge drinking (Adjusted Odds Ratio—AOR: 6.49 [95% CI: 2.53–16.6]), smoking (AOR: 5.50 [95% CI: 2.98–10.14]), having a student job (AOR: 2.42 [95% CI 1.13–5.17]), and being male (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI:1.21–4.11]). No significant associations with eating disorders were detected for any of the three categories of substances. University students reported neuroenhancement with prescription drugs, drugs of abuse, and mainly soft enhancers. These substances were used mainly to increase the waking hours. Educational programs in universities seem to be required in order to increase student awareness of the problems caused by neuroenhancements, and to decrease the associated risks by changing students’ attitudes and beliefs.

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Nisa Yousaf ◽  
Sana Haider ◽  
Pervisha Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Persistent Visual and Vestibular Impairments for Postural Control Following Concussion: A Cross-Sectional Study in University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Caccese ◽  
Fernando V. Santos ◽  
Felipe K. Yamaguchi ◽  
Thomas A. Buckley ◽  
John J. Jeka
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals From Stress to Psychopathology: Relationship with Self-Reassurance and Self-Criticism in Czech University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kotera ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlova ◽  
Denise Andrzejewski ◽  
Greta Kaluzeviciute ◽  
Makoto Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
As Stress

AbstractPsychological stress has become a major concern, potentially leading to diverse health problems including psychopathology such as depression and anxiety. Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is an established model, conceptualizing stressful experiences via person–environment relationship. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the pathway from stress to depression/anxiety, with a focus on self-criticism (inadequate-self and hated-self) and self-reassurance (reassured-self) in Czech students who suffered from high prevalence of mental health problems. Convenience sample of 119 undergraduates completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Forms of the Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale. Correlation and path analyses were conducted. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used to aid an accurate and complete report of the study. Depression, anxiety, and stress were positively associated with inadequate-self and hated-self while negatively associated with reassured-self. Both inadequate-self and hated-self partially mediated the stress–depression and stress–anxiety relationships, whereas reassured-self only partially mediated the stress–depression relationship. Inadequate-self had greater impact on the stress–depression/anxiety pathways than hated-self and reassured-self. Findings indicate that clinical treatment may benefit from targeting the feelings of inadequacy to prevent stress progressing to psychopathology. This is particularly relevant as stress levels are rising globally. Our findings offer developments to the Transactional Model, and help practitioners and educators identify solutions to protect mental health of Czech university students.

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