scholarly journals Distribution of Nutrients in Breakfast and Midmorning Snacks among Overweight or Obese Adolescents of Yazd, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Karandish ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Ali Mohammad Hadianfard ◽  
Maryam Azhdari ◽  
Rezvan Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Breakfast Eating ◽  
Nutrients Intake ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: The important risk factors in obesity are related to unhealthy nutritional habits. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the macro- and micro-nutrients’ intake in breakfast and midmorning snacks. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 569 students (12-16 years) by the multistage cluster sampling method. The demographic data were gathered by interview. Anthropometric data and breakfast habits (breakfast frequency and time as well as nutrients’ intake at breakfast or snacks) were measured using standardized instruments by asking some questions. Results: The results showed that the high prevalence of irregular breakfast eating (IRBE) and overweight or obesity. No significant difference was found between breakfast frequency and time according to the students’ gender or body mass index (BMI). The mean BMI had a significant increase in females; whereas, the percentage of energy from breakfast (EB%), snack (ES%), or both breakfast and snacks (EBS%) were shown no significant difference between genders. A significant increase was found in EB%, EB%, and EBS%; whereas, the daily energy intake (DEI) was lower in normal-weight students. However, other nutrients at breakfast or snacks had no significant difference. The level of higher DEI was reported in IRBE adolescents. Conclusions: An inappropriate breakfast habit can cause irreparable consequences in adolescents. Although breakfast plays an undeniable role, other factors are also effective in one’s health. Further studies are required for more comprehensive results.

scholarly journals Gender Stratified Analyses of the Association of Skinfold Thickness with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in General Northeastern Chinese Residents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Yuyan Liu ◽  
Yongfang Li ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Luyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapular Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The association of hypertension with skinfold thickness (ST) in adults is not clear. Our study was aimed at finding out the association of hypertension with ST in different gender and obesity categories. This is a cross-sectional study based on 2336 Chinese residents (767 men). Both subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) and tricep skinfold thickness (TST) were examined. We estimated the association of hypertension with per SD increase of SST and TST using multivariable logistic regression analyses in men and women. Six subgroups were stratified using cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) and ST: larger and smaller ST in normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2), respectively. The association of hypertension with ST was only shown in women after adjustment for other risk factors. Among women of the normal weight subgroup, higher prevalence of hypertension was shown in those with larger ST. No difference of the prevalence of hypertension was found between women with larger ST in the normal weight subgroup and those with smaller ST in overweight or obesity subgroups. Our study suggested that even for people with normal weight, it was necessary to monitor the subcutaneous fat using ST for preventing hypertension at least in general Chinese women.

Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur ◽  
Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat ◽  
Mojtaba Heydari ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Despite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia. Methods A 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions). Results A total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients were Zataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Zingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use. Conclusions This study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of sensorineural hearing loss characteristics in different hemodialysis vascular accesses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behieh Kohansall ◽  
Nasser Saeedi ◽  
Moeinoddin Hossein Beigi ◽  
Azam Moslemi ◽  
Akram Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the complications in hemodialysis patients. Vascular access (VA) represents a lifeline for these patients affecting their life quality and clinical outcomes. Arterio­venous fistula is the gold standard of VAs with minor complications and better hemodialysis adequacy. There is no study investigating hearing differences in hemodialysis VAs. Hence, this study aimed to compare SNHL characteristics amongst hemodialysis VAs. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 64 patients aged 18−60 years received regular hemodialysis in 2019. Demographic data and comorbid conditions were recorded based on patients’ case records and electronic databases. After a physical examination, otoscopy, tympa­nometry, and conventional audiometry, patients were divided into fistula (n = 26), permanent catheter (n = 36), and temporary catheter (n = 2) groups according to vascular access type. Results: Prevalence rate of SNHL was 63.89%, 50% and 50% in the permanent catheter, fistula and temporary catheter groups, respectively. Most patients had mild sloping-SNHL in the per­manent catheter and fistula groups as against moderate degree in the other group. There was no significant difference in hearing thresholds, deg­ree and audiogram shape among VA groups. No significant relation was found between age, sex, hemodialysis duration and disease duration with hearing loss in all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: More patients had SNHL in per­manent catheter group. Vascular access types, longer duration of hemodialysis and disease dur­ation do not seem to be associated with SNHL. However, further investigation is needed to cla­rify the relationship. Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss; vascular access; chronic renal failure; hemodialysis

scholarly journals Socio-economic Analysis and the Study of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hospital Staff

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Samjhana Shakya ◽  
J Bhattarai ◽  
K Rawal ◽  
AR Kunwar ◽  
YR Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. This worksite based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre in 2010 with 50 subjects were recruited by multistage purposive cluster sampling. The primary aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the socioeco­nomic status and to measure the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and correlates of hypertension. The prevalence of pre-hypertension is 38% and hypertension is 34%. Among the hypertensive 53% are aware of their condition and 66.66% of them are under treatment and 16.66% have con­trol over the condition. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22% and 4% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 29.72% among male and 69% among female. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on hypertension was satisfactory. Fourteen percent understood hypertension as a raised blood pressure during blood flow in the arteries. Majority of them (72%) have posi­tive attitude towards use of medicine in hypertension. Majority of them (86%) had checked their blood pressure in last 2 years. Difference in prevalence of hypertension was found among the tobacco users and non- users (65% vs 40%), who do regular exercise and those who do not (28% vs. 38%) and sleep disturbance was higher among hypertensive than non-hypertensive (48% vs. 10%). Patients with Dislipidemia (32%) had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without Dislipidemia (44% vs 30 %) Similar finding were found between overweight participants (26%) and normal weight participants (46% vs 34%). The prevalence of hypertension is higher with the higher socio-economic status. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 15-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8496

scholarly journals Clinical Anxiety among Saudi Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Students in Jeddah City

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Manal Almalik ◽  
Abeer Alnowaiser ◽  
Omar El Meligy ◽  
Jamal Sallam ◽  
Yusra Balkheyour
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. To determine anxiety in relation to gender, Grade Point Average (GPA), level of education and academic and clinical situations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Also, to identify academic and clinical anxiety levels among postgraduate pediatric dentistry students. Methods. A cross-sectional study at governmental training hospitals was conducted. All registered postgraduate students in pediatric dental programs during the year 2015-2016 were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed electronically to 60 postgraduate pediatric dentistry students aged between 25 and 45 years old. The questionnaire is composed of 55 questions that investigated demographic data, academic and clinical related situations including investigations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications in treatment. Results. The study showed a higher anxiety level in younger age dental students (76.7% compared to 23.3%) and Saudi board residents (60%). Comparing gender differences in anxiety revealed that a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found and anxiety seems to be more among female dental students (2% very anxious, 64% slightly anxious, and 34% not anxious) as compared to male dental students (8% very anxious, 69% slightly anxious, and 23% not anxious). Conclusions. There was increased awareness, detailed understanding, and handling of the patients by senior postgraduate pediatric dentistry students compared to junior students.

Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Abedian Kasgary ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software. Findings Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury. Conclusion It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.

Effects of nomophobia on anxiety, stress and depression among Saudi medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nusrat Bano ◽  
Muhammad Anwar Khan ◽  
Uzma Asif ◽  
Jennifer de Beer ◽  
Hawazen Rawass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in medical students, and to analyse effects of demographics and nomophobia on depression, anxiety and stress. Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 1 to May 23, 2019, and comprised male and female medical students aged 19-25 years. Data was collected using a demographic information form, the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale and the 20-item nomophobia questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 230 students, 108(47%) were boys and 122 (53%) were girls. The overall mean age was 21.93+1.80 years. Anxiety, depression and stress was reported in 168 (74.6%), 158 (70.2%) and 127 (55.9%) of the students. Extremely severe anxiety, depression and stress were self-reported by 92 (40.9%), 38 (16.8%) and 16 (7.04%) students. There was a significant difference in the distribution of subjects within different levels of anxiety across gender (p<0.05).  Higher anxiety and stress scores were observed in 78 (33.9%) students with severe nomophobia. Differences in the levels of anxiety and stress with regards to type of residence and nomophobia levels were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress associated with gender, nomophobia levels and residence type. Key Words: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Medical, Nomophobia.

The Frequency of Using Herbal Medicines Among Patients With Hypertension in Kerman, Iran, 2012-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Tajadini ◽  
Kouros Divsalar ◽  
Mitra Mehrabani ◽  
Ali Akbar Haghdoost ◽  
Zahra Esmaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Medical Plants

Introduction. The use of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Given the increasing rate of hypertension and medical plants usage by these patients and considering drug interactions due to concomitant use with drugs, the present study aims to evaluate the rate of medicinal plants usage in hypertensive patients. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study (descriptive–analytical) in which 650 hypertensive patients referring to the subspecialty clinic of Kerman were questioned about medicinal plants usage by a medicinal plants questionnaire. Among these patients, there were 612 who consented to participate. After the variables were described, the data were finally analyzed using Stata 12. Results. The average age of those using these drugs in the past year was 58.8 ± 10 years. Of the total number of participants using medicinal plants, there were 58 males (23.5%) and 122 females (33.4%). There were 129 participants (72.5%) using medicinal plants through self-administration, 17 participants (9.5%) on experienced users’ advice, 16 participants (9%) as administered by herbalists, and 11 participants (6%) as administered by doctors. However, the most important resources for using a drug that prevents hypertension were family and friends (74 participants; 41.5%) and doctors (13 participants; 7.3%). According to the results, there was no significant difference between the level of education and medicinal plants usage ( P = .95); however, there was a significant difference between gender and medicinal plants usage ( P = .009). Discussion. According to the results indicating the relatively high prevalence of medicinal plants usage and their arbitrary use by hypertensive patients without consulting a specialist, it seems necessary to plan for more effective and secure public education and train people to provide herbal drug services for various diseases with hypertension being the most common one.

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Elhassan Abdalla ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan ◽  
Arthur Musakulu Kemoli
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness of Breast Self-Examination among Secondary School Girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Nur Anis Izzati Che Mut ◽  
Noor Hidayah Abu Bakar ◽  
Izdihar Kamal ◽  
Siti Aisyah Abdullah Suhaimi ◽  
Nurul Mawaddah Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Self Examination

Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is able to develop responsibility for breast health among women to always aware of any changes in the breast. Thus, secondary school girls age is the perfect age to start practice the BSE. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness on BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 secondary school girls using self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and knowledge and awareness of BSE. Results: The mean age of the participants is 14.9 ± 0.06 years. The majority of the participants were Malays (86.5%). A total of 6.1% of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. Nine percent of participants had a good knowledge and 91.0% had poor knowledge regarding BSE. There is a significant difference between the age of participants with the level of knowledge and awareness (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The knowledge and awareness of BSE were poor among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.

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