scholarly journals Applying Chemometrics to Evaluate Tungsten Mining Residues Potential As Partial Cement Replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Almeida ◽  
António Santos Silva ◽  
Paulina Faria ◽  
Alexandra Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Mining Residues

Electroremediation and deep eutectic solvents are well-documented clean-up processes for metals extraction from solid matrices. Depending on the purpose, these treatments may generate a residue free of pollutants and critical raw materials. Several studies were conducted to re-insert treated secondary resources in building materials. However, there is a research gap in the improvement of reactive properties of these secondary resources. In addition, there is a lack of pozzolans that can optimize cementitious materials. This study investigates the pozzolanic reactivity of tungsten mining residues after receiving electrodialytic treatment in the presence of natural deep eutectic solvents. In all cases, thermal treatment after electroremediation potentiated the pozzolanic reactivity of tungsten mining residues, between 64% to 87%. The introduction of these pozzolanic resources in cementitious-based materials may increase their performance, enlarge the range of applications in the construction industry, reduce the environmental impact, and contribute to a circular economy. Keywords: electro-based technology, tungsten mining waste, construction material, pozzolanicity.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound for pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water} are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching for the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

Assessment of Raw Mineral Waste as Building Materials in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Njarazo Rakotondrabezaharinoro ◽  
Moutari Ado ◽  
Willy Hermann Juimo Tchamdjou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Mineral Waste

In many developing country’s mining exploitations are the main activities sources, and its exploitation is generating many mining wastes and environmental impacts. In order to use these waste, an innovative powder and aggregate were designed, aimed at providing alternative materials by cementitious supplementary materials and sand in Portland cement mortars. This paper investigates the use of raw mineral waste from some developing countries, namely Granite Residue (GR), from Niger, Mining Tailings (MT), from Madagascar, and red Volcanic Scoria (VS), from Cameroon as building materials. These raw materials were valorized as supplementary cementitious materials (GR powder, MS powder and VS powder) and as sand (GR sand and VS sand). GR sand and VS sand were used by 100% replacement of standard sand and GR powder, MS powder and VS powder were used by 5, 15, 25, or/and 35% cement replacement. Physical properties and mechanical properties of raw materials used and mortars obtained were investigated. The effects of these raw materials on properties of mortar mixes were studied and reported. Results show that, with sand from raw mineral waste materials, the compressive and flexural strengths of the produced mortar represented up than 70% and up than 85% respectively in comparison with mortar produce with siliceous standard sand. The reduction of strength of mortar with raw powder as ordinary Portland cement replacement is generally smaller than replacement ratio. Activity index of each raw powder is about 75% for ratio replacement of 5, 15 and 25%. Particle size distribution of raw powder and sand have an influence on the workability and mechanical properties of mortars. In conclusion, the use of raw mineral waste as a raw powder or as sand for mortar production presents an economical and environmental advantage for developing countries where mining exploitations are abundant.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound far pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water) are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching far the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution. A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

scholarly journals Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paalo Moreno ◽  
Nicole Villamizar ◽  
Jefferson Perez ◽  
Angelica Bayona ◽  
Jesús Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of integrated management of secondary resource flows in the construction industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
I.A. Arutiunian ◽  
А. A. Shuvaiev
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Secondary Resource ◽  
The World

Problem statement.The solution to the problem of the integrated use of secondary construction resources should be considered in the context of the spread of the world practice of using, processing and reclaiming all valuable waste as secondary resources. This is due to profound changes in the world economy associated with limited natural resources, threats to environmental and social security, an increase in the amount of waste and man-made landfills.The process of managing the flows of secondary resources should be aimed at achieving economic and environmental effects, the definition of which has certain characteristics for various stakeholders in this process: (producers of building materials (waste recyclers), developers (construction companies and organizations), the construction industry (at the regional level, countries).The application of world experience in the use of secondary resources in the construction industry can become the basis for the development of infrastructure for obtaining secondary raw materials from construction waste and attracting them into re-circulation, which will make it possible to more effectively implement the National Waste Management Strategy until 2030, adopted by the Government of Ukraine.The goal of the strategy is to introduce a systematic approach to waste management at the state and regional levels, to reduce the volume of waste generation by increasing the volume of their processing and reuse. Purpose of the article: substantiate the effectiveness of the use of tools for integrated management of secondary resource flows in the construction industry and propose an economic and mathematical model for optimal management of construction waste flows at the level of individual enterprises of the industry in the region. Conclusion. The toolkit for managing waste streams in the construction industry includes information (including statistical, monitoring), analytical, predictive tools for managing the flows of secondary resources. We consider the creation of a unified system of integrated management of the flows of secondary resources (materials) as a condition for decision-making and the effectiveness of the overall management of waste streams in the construction industry, the main goal of which is to achieve a cumulative economic effect from attracting construction waste to a repeated production cycle.The effectiveness of the use of tools for complex management of the flows of secondary resources in the construction industry has been substantiated and a method is proposed for its determination, on the basis of a mathematical model for solving the problem of optimal management of flows of construction waste at the level of enterprises are waste producers, enterprises-processors (producers of building materials from secondary raw materials), the construction industry of the region. Keywords: building sector; integrated management; secondary resource streams; economic efficiency;performance criteria; management tools

Categories and Types of Raw Materials Using in Geopolymer Cement Production: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teewara Suwan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Curing Regimes ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
By Products

Geopolymer cement is an aluminosilicate material which activated by the alkaline solution. With appropriate heat curing regimes, geopolymer cement could achieve an excellent performance as construction material. Apart from that, geopolymer cement is one of the alternative cementitious materials for green construction as its raw starting materials could be any pozzolanic industrial by-products. Global carbon-dioxide emission from Portland cement consumption could be reduced with the replacement of that geopolymer cement. Therefore, the development of geopolymer cement is receiving much more attention. However, various kinds of materials have been used as geopolymer precursors. The main aim of this paper is, thus, to summarize current information on the usage of raw materials in geopolymer production by categorize its types and sources. The summarised details of chemical composition and compressive strength could provide a guide line for readers to evaluate possible reactions or outputs of their selected local raw materials as well as the prediction of material’s combination for the improvement of targeted strength of each possible prime material.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Recycled Concrete Aggregates: Review on Leaching Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Braga Maia ◽  
Jorge De Brito ◽  
Isabel M. Martins ◽  
Jose D. Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
First Case ◽  
Concrete Production

Background:The toxicity of building materials can be addressed in the areas of occupational and environ-mental toxicology. In the first case, the harmful effects to workers caused by exposure to a specific substance during building materials production are analysed. In the latter case, the toxic effects of that substance on living organisms is examined.Several studies analysed the environmental impact of concrete production, considering a significant number of concrete constituents and compositions, in order to find ways of minimizing it. However, some of the traditional constituents of concrete may be potentially hazardous, presenting different levels of toxicity, but only a few studies are focused on this area. Still, and in order to reduce the potential environmental impact, studies have already started on the incorporation of alternative raw materials, which may affect concrete toxicity.It is important to develop more concrete toxicity studies analysing different mixes and constituents, in order to identify several ways of minimizing the potential toxicity of this construction material.Objective:Different procedures and results of the leaching tests of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) from previous studies will be presented and discussed in this paper.Method:The ecotoxicological characterization of materials is based on the analysis of the eluates resulting from leaching tests. There are several researches that apply different experimental leaching procedures according to existing standards and others with some variations in the standard test conditions: particle size, duration of the test, among others.Results and conclusion:The main characteristics of RCA that affect the results of the leaching tests will be identified.

scholarly journals MgO-Based Cementitious Composites for Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9188
Author(s):  
Serenay Kara ◽  
Savas Erdem ◽  
Roberto Alonso González Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Concrete made with Portland cement is by far the most heavily used construction material in the world today. Its success stems from the fact that it is relatively inexpensive yet highly versatile and functional and is made from widely available raw materials. However, in many environments, concrete structures gradually deteriorate over time. Premature deterioration of concrete is a major problem worldwide. Moreover, cement production is energy-intensive and releases a lot of CO2; this is compounded by its ever-increasing demand, particularly in developing countries. As such, there is an urgent need to develop more durable concretes to reduce their environmental impact and improve sustainability. To avoid such environmental problems, researchers are always searching for lightweight structural materials that show high performance during both processing and application. Among the various candidates, Magnesia (MgO) seems to be the most promising material to attain this target. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the characteristics and developments of MgO-based composites and their applications in cementitious materials and energy-efficient buildings. This paper starts with the characterization of MgO in terms of environmental production processes, calcination temperatures, reactivity, and micro-physical properties. Relationships between different MgO composites and energy-efficient building designs were established. Then, the influence of MgO incorporation on the properties of cementitious materials and indoor environmental quality was summarized. Finally, the future research directions on this were discussed.

scholarly journals Raw Materials Sources of Building Materials of Ukek Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Dmiriy A. Kubankin ◽  
◽  
Nikolay Yu. Zozyrev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Stone Block ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Market Saturation ◽  
The Town

Cataloguing of the Ukek architectural objects has produced the basis for conclusions on the market saturation with local construction material (sandstone) for building foundations. The amounts of building stone to be found within Ukek were insufficient to satisfy the needs of the construction segment of the medieval market. Numerous outcrops of Paleogene sandstones within the Lysogorskoye Plateau used to be developed as early as the beginning of the 20th century. A medieval settlement lying 11 km away from the town and pertaining to its vicinity happens to be close to the site of sandstone development in the Lysaya hill. Mineralogical-petrographic studies of the stone block covered with artistic carvings and found in Ukek indicate its similarity to the sandstones from the occurrences and deposits in the Lysaya hill. According to the results of mineralogical-petrographic analysis, the stone joint block and the grave plate from Ukek is reliably comparable with dolomites from the Tyoplovka deposits of construction stone (carbonate rocks) situated 73 km away from Ukek.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document