scholarly journals The Utilization of Metroxylon sago Dregs for Eco-friendly Bioethanol Stove in Papua, Indonesia

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
I Made Kartika Dhiputra ◽  
Numberi Johni Jonatan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

<p>Indonesia’s dependency on fossil energy is relatively high; approximately 55 % fuel oil that comes from fossil is used in the household sector. The increasing of energy demand is not supported by the energy availability. This issue prompted the government of Indonesia to develop a diverse, cheaper, renewable, sustainable and eco-friendly alternative energy and to create an independent management which ensures the availability of energy to people in remote area. Among other possible solution, production of bioethanol from Metroxylon sago dregs as alternative energy resources is considered as the most feasible solution. Indonesia has ± 1,250,000 billion ha of sago plantation and in Papua there is ± 1,200,000 billion ha of land with sago potential, of which only 56 % is used. Research methods include fermentation of sago dregs to become bioethanol, its distillation process and flame characteristics. Results of laboratory experiment showed that sago dregs are viable as a source of fuel bioethanol because it still contains 82.4 % vol. of carbohydrate component. Measurement of flame temperature on bioethanol burner with ethanol content of 60 to 95 % is strongly influenced by these parameters: turbulence, temperature, mixing time and the rest of the air-fuel flow. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: bioethanol; flame characteristics; Metroxylon sago dregs</p>

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Irvan ◽  
Hari Tiarasti ◽  
Irma Suraya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Product Sales

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES ON MARITIME SECTOR USING FUZZY MCDM METHODS

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Yudha Sukma Perdana ◽  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Okol Sri Suharyo
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Fuzzy Mcdm ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

The energy crisis has required the government to develop and utilize a renewable energy. Indonesia has a national jurisdiction area of ± 7.8 million km² with 2/3 of its territory being the sea of ± 5.9 million km². With this large sea area, it is a great potential for Indonesia to be able to develop alternative energy resources in the maritime sector amid the problem of fossil energy resources whose capacity is decreasing. Alternative energy in the maritime sector that can be developed include energy that utilizes ocean waves, ocean currents, tides, and ocean temperature differences. This study aims to determine the alternative energy of the maritime sector by reviewing from technical and financial aspects, political, economic, social and technological aspects. The method used is technical analysis, financial analysis, PEST analysis, and Fuzzy MCDM. The first step in this process is the mapping of the technical, financial, political, economic, social and technological aspects of each energy alternative with technical, financial and PEST analysis. Furthermore, with the Fuzzy MCDM method an alternative energy development selection model was made by assessing the performance of each. Based on the results of data processing shows the ranking of determining the alternative energy of the maritime sector with the first is the source of ocean current energy, the second is tidal energy, the third is wave energy and the last is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Keywords: Alternative Energy Resources, PEST, Fuzzy MCDM

scholarly journals Utilization of electric vehicles as an energy alternative to reduce carbon emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
C Sudjoko ◽  
N A Sasongko ◽  
I Utami ◽  
A Maghfuri
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Abstract Energy has an important role in achieving social, economic and environmental goals, with energy being a driving force for the economy and a form of defense against the state. Because energy supports the supply of fuel, electricity and infrastructure so as to support a stable defense. The increasing needs of the community in the transportation sector and the decreasing availability of fossil energy. The Indonesian government is trying to find alternative energy as a substitute for fuel oil, namely by using electric vehicles. With the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia, it is expected to be a solution and can support the achievement of clean and environmentally friendly energy. Electric vehicles can reduce pollution and exhaust emissions due to the use of fuel oil in two or four-wheeled vehicles. In addition, using electric-fueled vehicles will certainly reduce the energy crisis and import fuel oil. In support of clean and environmentally friendly energy, Indonesia has supported the Paris Agreement policy to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. The author tries to discuss the use of electric vehicles through current policies and applications and is associated with reducing carbon emissions through the use of electric cars. At the end the researcher will provide strategic recommendations related to the use and development of environmentally friendly electric vehicles to be developed in Indonesia in order to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE METANO DE CARVÃO MINERAL EM BACIAS DE CARVÃO MOÇAMBICANAS: UMA ENERGIA ALTERNATIVA VIÁVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Aniceto Elcidio Alves MACIE ◽  
Drielli PEYERL ◽  
Edmilson Moutinho dos SANTOS ◽  
Denise de La Corte BACCI
Keyword(s):  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exploration Well

The present study analyzed the potential of coalbed methane (CBM) generation as a viable alternative energy source of production in the Mozambican coal basins considering the geology, the properties of the coal and the respective potentialities. It should be noted that one of the most important coal bearing sedimentary successions in the world occurs in the Moatize-Minjova coal basin, Mozambique. In the analysis of the rank of the types of coal suitable for the production of CBM, the most recommended are the coal or bituminous type that has high levels of CO2, high calorific value and higher concentration of gas, however, this quality is found in the Moatize-Minjova coal basin. Exploration well drilling data collected by the company ETA STAR Mozambique and analyzed by specific laboratory tests, such as: physical-chemical, mineralogical, geochemical and petrography analyzes, facilitated the knowledge of the geology and the economic viability of the reservoir with a view to determination of the quality and volume of gas contained in the layers of coal as a viable source of energy in the country. Thus, it is anticipated that the result of the pioneer study carried out by the Company ETA STAR Mozambique indicates that this coal basin of Moatize has qualities to generate the coalbed methane. It is also emphasized that the other five coal basins present in the region due to the presented geological characteristics probably have an economically feasible potential for production. In this way, the exploration of the CBM would be a preponderant solution to answer the problematic of the energy demand for the national consumption. However, in order to exploit the CBM's potential in the country, the Government of Mozambique could introduce a specific CBM policy to legally guide the research, exploration, production and consumption of methane gas contained in the coal layers Mozambican.

scholarly journals Energy Atlas for Moluccas Archipelago: a Brief Discussion and its Beyond Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Giovanni Maurice Pradipta ◽  
D. D. Genske
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The City ◽  
Populous Country

Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing economies globally and the largest and most populous country in Southeast Asia. Energy demand, consumption, equal distribution, and production become one of the main challenges perpetuating the nation's growth. Mapping the energy potential and demand growth becomes essential for energy efficiency, self-sufficiency, optimization, and sustainability. As one of the nation's significant growing regions, Moluccas Archipelago has unique challenges in energy development. The islands have population centers, like the city of Ambon, that need energy supply. The Energy Atlas aims to assess energy consumption and efficiency and replace fossil energy with renewable energy. It serves as a collection of maps with energy and climate as the focus. It helps the government, various industries, and even everyday citizens make more responsible decisions to mitigate climate change and foster the development and redevelopment of regions, especially in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The use of banana peels as raw materials of bio-alcohol production

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
I Munfarida ◽  
M Munir ◽  
A Rezagama
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

Abstract Indonesia’s energy demand has increased in recent years in line with the increase in economic growth and population in Indonesia. Most of this energy is derived from non-renewable sources such as oil, natural gas, and coal. These trends will have a significant impact on energy depletion. One solution to overcome this problem is developing alternative energy resources to replace petroleum, such as bio-alcohol. The objective of this study was to analyze the potential of bio-alcohol production from organic waste, that is, banana peel. This research is experimental. Bio-alcohol was obtained through a fermentation process of 3 types of banana peels waste, including Raja banana (Musa acuminata×M. balbisiana) peel, Agung banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel, and Nangka banana (Musa acuminata×M. balbisiana) peel. Fermentation was conducted using variations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 1%, 3%, and 5% with a fermentation time of 5 days. All experiments were performed in duplicate. The results showed that the highest value of bio-alcohol was produced from the waste of Raja Nangka peel at a concentration of 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was 1.70% (p-value <0.05). This study suggests the potential of banana peel waste in producing bio-alcohol as alternative energy in the future.

scholarly journals Transesterification of Pyrolysed Castor Seed Oil in the Presence of CaCu(OCH3)2 Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6064
Author(s):  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Abul Kalam Hossain ◽  
Ganesh Duraisamy ◽  
Murugan Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Castor Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

Energy consumption is on the rise due to rapid technological progress and a higher standard of living. The use of alternative energy resources is essential to meet the rising energy demand and mitigate the carbon emissions caused due to use of fossil-based fuels. Biodiesel produced from non-edible oils such as castor seed oil (CO) can be used in diesel engines to replace fossil diesel. However, the quality and yields for CO biodiesel is low due to the presence of ricinolic acid C18:1OH (79%). In this study, two-stage conversion techniques were used to improve the yields and properties of CO biodiesel. The catalyst CaCu(OCH3)2 was prepared from waste eggshell and synthesized with copper oxide in the presence of methanol. The castor oil was subjected to pyrolysis at 450–500 ℃ and then transesterified in the presence of modified catalyst. The reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil ratio and catalyst and reaction time were investigated, and the optimum combination was used to produce castor biodiesel from pyrolysis castor oil. Results showed that the cetane number and oxidation stability were increased by 7% and 42% respectively. The viscosity, density, flash point, and iodine value were decreased by 52%, 3%, 5% and 6%, respectively. The calorific values remained the same. This study suggests that pyrolyzed castor seed oil followed by transesterification in the presence of a modified catalyst gave better fuel properties and yields than the conventional transesterification process for biodiesel fuel production.

scholarly journals WIND ENERGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE(Study Case at South Coastal of Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiq Liana Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

The need of larger quantity of energy to fulfill the demand of energy, especially thefossil fuel, forced the government of almost all nation try to find the new kind of energy orknown as alternative energy resources. Fossil fuel as non-renewable energy resources wouldbe decreased by the time if the using of it not under controlled. This kind of energy resourcesused to handle almost all the people need of energy, such as for domestic uses, industrial,tourism, etc. The used of fossil fuel for that purposed mostly for generated the electricitypower (by built the power plant). Many natural energy resources can used to generateelectricity power plant, but there always be some advantages and bad impact, especially forthe environments. One of environmental friendly alternative energy resources is exploitingthe form of wind power.Keyword: alternative energy, wind energy, windmills farms, human well-being.

Role of micro-hydropower plants in socio-economic development of rural Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Airaj Firdaws Sadiq ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory ◽  
Mir Sayed Shah Danish ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Energy Options

Afghanistan hosts the Hindu Kush, an extension of the Himalaya mountains that act as water sources for five major rivers flowing through Afghanistan. Most of these rivers provide promise for the construction of water dams and installment of micro hydropower plants (MHP). Although civil war and political strife continue to threaten the country for more than four decades, the Afghan government introduced strategic plans for the development of the country. In 2016 Afghanistan introduced the Afghanistan National Peace and Development (ANPD) Framework at Brussels de-signed to support Afghanistan’s progress towards achieving the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). This study discussed the 7th Goal (ensuring access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for all) and 8th Goal (promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all) alignment in Afghanistan. The Afghan gov-ernment acknowledges its responsibility to provide electricity for all of its citizens, but this can only be achieved if the government can secure a reliable source of energy. Afghanistan’s mountainous terrain provides a challenge to build a central energy distribution system. Therefore this study looks for alternative solutions to the energy problems in Afghanistan and explores feasibility of micro-hydropower plant installations in remote areas. This study evaluated socio-economic im-pacts of micro-hydropower plants in the life of average residents. We focused on one example of a micro hydropower plant located in Parwan, conducted interviews with local residents, and gath-ered on-site data. The findings in this study can help policymakers to analyze the effects of devel-opment projects in the social and economic life of residents. It will encourage the government and hopefully the private sector to invest in decentralized energy options, while the country is facing an ever-growing energy demand.

Does a carbon emissions trading scheme spur urban green innovation? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110153
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiangyou Li ◽  
Deyong Song ◽  
Meng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 277 cities between 2003 and 2017 and a unique city-level dataset of green patent applications, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the effect of China’s carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) pilots on urban green innovation. The findings indicate that China’s ETS pilots have a positive impact on urban green innovation, and that impact is more significant for municipalities than for prefecture-level cities. Furthermore, the impact on different categories of urban green innovation is heterogeneous. More specifically, China’s ETS pilots have significantly spurred urban green innovation that is closely related to energy conservation and emission reduction, including alternative energy production, transportation, energy conservation and so forth. Moreover, the facilitating effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation suffers from a lagging effect, which began to show a significant positive effect in 2016. Overall, this paper identifies the effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation, and suggests that the government should consider the heterogeneity of urban green innovation when designing national ETS policies.

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