The use of banana peels as raw materials of bio-alcohol production

Bioethanol from Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) orange waste is one of the solution to overcome fuel oil problem. The aim of this research is to get the type of microorganisms and fermentation time that produce the highest ethanol from RGL orange waste. The research method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) of two factors, namely type of microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichoderma viride + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fermentation time (3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. Within the three type of microorganisms with variations of fermentation time showed that the pH was able to carry out the fermentation process smoothly. The highest total dissolved solids were in the type of Trichoderma viride 3 days and 5 days, and the type of mix of microorganisms on the 3rd day. The highest ethanol content is in the type of Sachharomyces cerevisiae for 7 days. ANOVA result showed that the interaction between two treatments on the total dissolved solids experienced significant differences, so it continue with the DMRT test at a significant level of 0.5%. However, it is different from the results of ANOVA on ethanol content which showed that there were significant differences between ethanol content and types of microorganisms, but there was no significant difference on fermentation time

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Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.13952.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Salman Khan Promon ◽

Wasif Kamal ◽

Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽

M. Mahboob Hossain ◽

Naiyyum Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

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Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

Agrienvi, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.36873/aev.v13i02.1771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Agrienvi

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Economic Value ◽

Forest Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wood Pellets ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Simple Technology

Energy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

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Bioethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.13952.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salman Khan Promon ◽

Wasif Kamal ◽

Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽

M. Mahboob Hossain ◽

Naiyyum Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as a raw material in ethanol fermentation.

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Production of Bio-Ethanol via Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Cassava Peel and Used Newspaper as Raw Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 981 ◽

pp. 222-227

Author(s):

Tintin Mutiara ◽

Siska Widiawati ◽

Syafira Rachmatyah ◽

Achmad Chafidz

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Energy Source ◽

Renewable Energy Source ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Cassava Peel

Cassava peel and used newspaper are example of daily solid wastes that continue to increase in Indonesia from year to year. Most of people in Indonesia have not utilized cassava (Manihot Esculenta L.) peel and used newspaper properly, hence they only become untreated wastes. Cassava peel highly contains carbohydrate and starch which is about 44 - 59%, while newsprint contains quite a lot of cellulose which is 61%, so that both wastes have the potential to make bio-ethanol as a one of potential renewable energy source. The focus of this study is to produce bio-ethanol from these two waste materials. There were several stages to produce bio-ethanol, which are hydrolysis with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), and fermentation with yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae), and separation of the bio-ethanol by distillation. The content of bio-ethanol produced was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The bio-ethanol was produced under different variables, which are: amount of yeast (8 g and 10 g), fermentation time (3, 7, and 10 days), and ratio of volume of solution (mL) cassava peel waste : used newspaper (i.e. 80:20; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60). The GC analysis results showed that the bio-ethanol contents were approximately 0%, 6.194%, 8.421% and 8.887% for ratio volume of solution (mL) cassava peel waste : used newspaper of 80:20; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60, respectively. Whereas, the bio-ethanol contents for 3, 7, and 10 days of fermentation time were 6.690%, 8.765%, and 9.472%, respectively. In this study, the highest bio-ethanol content produced (i.e. 9.472%) was in the following variables: amount of yeast 10 g, 10 days fermentation time, ratio volume of solution (mL) cassava peel waste : used newspaper of 50:50.

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PENGARUH MIKROORGANISME, BAHAN BAKU, DAN WAKTU INKUBASI PADA KARAKTER NATA: REVIEW

Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.20961/jthp.v14i1.47654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Sherly Novia Yuana Putri ◽

Wahyu Fajri Syaharani ◽

Cindy Virgiani Budi Utami ◽

Dyah Retno Safitri ◽

Zahra Nur Arum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Food Product ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

High Fiber ◽

Physical Tests

Nata is an organic food product that has a high fiber content. Nata is a fermented produce by Acetobacter xylinum. There is very limited review article that discussed the making process of nata using different starter, raw material, and the length of incubation time in once. So that, this review discusses the comparison of various parameters that affect the fermentation process of nata. This review aims to discuss the effect of using several types of microorganisms, different raw materials, and different fermentation time on nata production. Factors that influence the success of nata fermentation process include fermentation time, the addition of ingredients (sugar, vinegar, and urea), the use of hollow caps, avoiding products from shocks, and the use of sterile equipment. The bacteria that can be used for making nata include Acetobacter xylinum and Acetobacter sp. Several raw materials can be used to make nata, such as coconut water, seaweed, banana peels, tofu water, cassava, and jackfruit straw. The best raw material to make nata from color parameters is seaweed, aroma parameter is jackfruit straw, and taste parameter is cassava. Based on chemical and physical tests, the best raw material for moisture content parameters is seaweed, fiber content parameter is cassava, thickness parameter is banana peel, and yield parameter is coconut water followed by cassava. The length of fermentation affects the thickness and weight of nata, chewier texture of nata, and the darker color of nata. The best thickness of nata produced on the 14th day of fermentation was 1.7 cm. The best overall weight of nata on produced the 10th day of fermentation was 600 g/L. The texture of nata was the chewiest in the fermentation time of 14 days with the value was 72.33 g/5mm. The lowest degree of nata whiteness produced on the 14th day of fermentation with the value was 72.307%.

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Pemanfaatan Sampah Sayur Dari Pasar Tradisional Untuk Produksi Bioetanol

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v5i3.2075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Novirina Hendrasarie ◽

Dimas Eka Mahendra

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Economic Value ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Two Factors

Vegetables that do not sell and rotten will be thrown away. This makes the volume of waste increases every day. Vegetable waste that is no longer being sold, could reprocessed into useful products and selling value. The purpose of this research is to use vegetable waste to become bioethanol raw material, which have economic value. The selected vegetable waste was from potatoes, carrots, cabbage, cassava, chicory, and green mustard, because they have higher carbohydrate content than other vegetable waste. The bioethanol product produced will be measured by its bioethanol content and fermentation time. These two factors, affect the quality of the bioethanol produced. The microorganism used in this study was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These microorganisms are in bread yeast and tape yeast, which are also examined for their effectiveness in the production of this vegetable waste bioethanol. From this study, producing bioethanol with the highest ethanol content of 15% v / v, produced in the interaction of bread yeast and 6 days’ fermentation time. Meanwhile, from the production using yeast tape, obtained ethanol levels of 13% v / v. Bioethanol from vegetable waste is not only to reduce the burden of waste generation, but can be used as an alternative energy to replace fuel.

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Response Surface Methodology of Alcohol Production from TWR Sugar using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129203056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 03056

Author(s):

Athitan Timyamprasert ◽

Thanit Vairojanawong ◽

Siritorn Teeravet

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Response Surface ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Alcohol Production ◽

White Rice ◽

Level 3 ◽

Central Composite ◽

Develop Technique

The aim of this research was to develop technique to produce alcohol from Thai white rice (TWR) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339. TWR sugar was produced from TWR with Amylomyces rouxii TISTR 3182. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for production the alcohol. There were 20 experiments involving the three investigated variables of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 to amount of TWR sugar ratio, concentration of TWR sugar (% Brix) and retention time of fermentation that were studied on alcohol to optimize the condition for production the alcohol. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-level-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for production the alcohol. The investigated results showed that the optimum condition was 4.0 ml of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 amount to 100 ml of TWR sugar amount, 20%Brix (concentration of TWR sugar) and 7 days of fermentation time.

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Alternative Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.623 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 730-732 ◽

pp. 623-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

André Ribeiro ◽

Joana Carvalho ◽

Joana Castro ◽

Jorge Araújo ◽

Cândida Vilarinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

World Population ◽

The World ◽

Alternative Feedstock

The increasing in the world population has continuously increased the energy demand. As an effective fuel, petroleum has been serving the world to meet its energy needs. Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and all the environmental issues around its use could be responsible for a major deficit in the future. Thus, the development of alternative energy sources, are to be welcomed. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has many benefits. It is biodegradable, non-toxic and compared to petroleum-based diesel, has a more favorable combustion emission profile, such as low emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. In brief, these merits make biodiesel a good alternative to petroleum based fuel. The use of alternative feedstock as waste cooking oils (WCO), bovine fats and microalgae oil for biodiesel production has some advantages. It is cheaper than edible vegetable oils and it is a way to valorize a sub-product. Nevertheless, these oils has some contaminants, which can reduce the quality of biodiesel, a problem that was solved by testing different operating conditions and equipment designs for each stage of processing. The technological assessment of this process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits, limitations and quality of final product. In this work biodiesel was produced by an alkali-catalyzed transesterification, a reaction involving the WCO feedstock and an alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol. The evaluation of quality from raw materials and final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214. Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This evidence proves that in those operating conditions the biodiesel produced from WCO, bovine fats and microalgae can substitute petroleum-based diesel.

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ANALISIS RANCANGAN FAKTORIAL TIGA FAKTOR UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI MOLASES TEBU

Informatika Pertanian ◽

10.21082/ip.v25n1.2016.p145-154 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Abdullah Bin Arif SP.MSi ◽

Wahyu Diyono ◽

Agus Budiyanti ◽

Nur Richana

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Yield Data ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Total Sugar Content

Bioethanol is a plant-based fuels potential as alternative materials to substitute fossil fuels which are non-renewable. The aim of this study is to get the optimal dose of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starer, concentration of nitrogen (urea) and fermentation time for the production of bioethanol effectively and efficiently. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Postharvest Research and Development Institute, Bogor from May to September 2015. The materials used are molasses of sugar cane. The experimental design used was a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was the treatment of fermentation time (1, 2 and 3 days). The second factor was the nitrogen concentration (0, 2 and 4 grams). The thirtd factor was the Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration (1, 1.5 and 2 grams). Each treatment was repeated twice. Observations were made on the characteristics of the raw materials (total sugar content, ash content and calcium content) and the resulting product (total sugar content, alcohol content and yield). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae and treatment of urea 2 grams each produced the highest yield alcohol with a fermentation time of 3 days.

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