scholarly journals Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Bayyinatul Muchtaromah ◽  
Mujahidin Ahmad ◽  
Emy Koestanti S ◽  
Yuni Ma’rifatul A ◽  
Velayati Labone A
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Mic Value

The purpose of this study to determine the content of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antifungal properties of the combination of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum. This research was descriptive qualitative, extractions were done by maceration method with ethanol with 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). Phytochemical test reagent included 4 kinds of test, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and tannins. As for the antioxidant test, the method used was DPPH. The concentration used at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. As for the antifungal test conducted on Candida albicans with Kirby-Bauer disc methods with a concentration of 100%, followed by the MIC and MBC test with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78% and 0.39%. Phytochemical test results indicated the presence of the alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids compounds in 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). The highest antioxidant levels founded in C1 (61.75) followed by C3 (47.94) and the lowest levels founded in C2 (42.76). The antifungal test showed the inhibitory zone against C.  albicans. The highest inhibitory zone was found in C1 at 5.44 ± 1.78 mm (medium category), followed by C2 at  4.08 ± 0.86 mm (medium category), and C3 at 3.05 ± 0.23 mm (medium category). As for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value got on the concentration of 0:39% and minimum fungisidal concentration (MFC) values were at a concentration of 0.78%.    Key word: Acorus calamu, Allium sativum, Curcuma manga, Antioxidant, antifungal, Candida albicans

scholarly journals FRAKSI ETANOL RIMPANG JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI RERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratika Viogenta ◽  
Nopiyansyah Nopiyansyah ◽  
Fitri Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Mic Value

Acorus calamus L. (jeringau) rhizomes are one of the medicinal plants used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. This plant were used as an antibacterial. The purpose of this research were to prove the inhibition jeringau rhizome on the selected microorganisme including two bacterial trains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The rhizomes of jeringau were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 70 % and fractionation process using solvent v/v (ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform). The antibacterial activity used the cup plate method with the concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, positive control using ampicillin and negative control using aquades. The test were continved by determining the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC). Research was obtained zone diameters of 0 mm (negative control), 35.37 mm (positive control), 23.33 mm (concentration 20%), 25.52 mm (40%), 27.11 mm (60%), 30.09 mm (80%), and 33.16 mm (100%) against Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibitory zone diameters 0 mm negative control, 36.68 mm positive control, 22.53 mm (concentration 20%), 25.85 mm (40%), 28.08 mm (60%), 29.73 mm (80%), and 32.21 mm (100%) against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value in both bacterial were 2%. The results showed that all fraction concentrations could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords : Rhizome Jeringau, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Mono-/Bis-Alkenoic Acid Derivatives From an Endophytic Fungus Scopulariopsis candelabrum and Their Antifungal Activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Xueshuang Huang ◽  
Ming-Hang Cao ◽  
Zhiyan Wang ◽  
Zhiyin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Alkenoic Acid

During a screening for antifungal secondary metabolites, six new mono-/bis-alkenoic acid derivatives (2–7) and one known alkenoic acid derivative (1) were isolated from an endophytic fungi Scopulariopsis candelabrum. Their chemical structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as comparisons with previously reported literatures. Among them, fusariumesters C‒F (2–5) are bis-alkenoic acid derivatives dimerized by an ester bond, while acetylfusaridioic acid A (6) and fusaridioic acid D (7) are alkenoic acid monomers. All the isolates were submitted to an antifungal assay against Candida albicans and the corn pathogen Exserohilum turcicum using the filter paper agar diffusion method. As a result, only compound 1 decorating with β-lactone ring turned out to be active against these two tested fungi. The broth microdilution assay against Candida albicans showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1 to be 20 μg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory concentration value of the positive control (naystatin) was 10 μg/ml. And the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (21.23 μg/ml) of 1 against Exserohilum turcicum was determined by analyzing its inhibition effect on the mycelial growth, using cycloheximide (IC50 = 46.70 μg/ml) as the positive control.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Traganum nudatum and Mentha pulegium extracts combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans in production of hydrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Tefiani ◽  
Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki ◽  
Moustafa Yassine Mahdad
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is an important microorganism in the normal flora of a healthy subject; however, it has an expedient pathogenic character that induces hydrolytic virulence. Regarding this, the present study aimed to find an in vitro alternative that could reduce the virulence of this yeast. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) combined with the extract of Traganum nudatum (E1) or Mentha pulegium (E2) was evaluated against the hydrolytic activities of esterase, protease, and phospholipase. This effect was determined by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), used to adjust the extract/AmB mixtures in culture media. Results: The evaluated Pz values, which corresponded to the different enzymatic activities, showed a decrease in the hydrolytic activities of C. albicans strains after the addition of E1/AmB and E2/AmB combinations at descending concentrations (lower than the obtained MICs). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it would be possible to reduce the pathogenesis of this species without destabilizing the balance of the flora.

scholarly journals The The Effects of Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamon Derivatives) and Nystatin on Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽  
Soudeh Jafari ◽  
Jamileh Bigom Taheri ◽  
Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽  
Zahra Namazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Microdilution Method

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal infections. Today, cinnamon plants have been considered for anti-Candida properties. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde extract (from cinnamon derivatives) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata species and comparison with nystatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, cinnamaldehyde and nystatin were used. The specimens included Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured for each one by the microdilution method. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: Cinnamaldehyde extract at a concentration of 62.5 μl/ml was able to prevent the growth of Candida albicans, at a concentration of 93.7 μl/ml, causing Candida albicans to disappear, at 48.8 μl/ml, to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and in the concentration of 62.5 μl/ml, causes the loss of Candida glabrata. In comparison, nystatin at 0.5 μg/ml concentration prevented the growth of Candida albicans, at concentrations of 1 μg/ml causing Candida albicans to be destroyed, at 4 μg/ml concentration to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and at a concentration of 8 μg/ml causes the loss of Candida glabrata. The results were the same every three times. CONCLUSIONS: Although cinnamaldehyde extract had an effect on fungal growth in both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata with a fatal effect; the effect on these two species was lower than nystatin.

scholarly journals FRAKSI ETANOL RIMPANG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.) SEBAGAI ANTIFUNGI TERHADAP Candida albicans dan Trichophyton rubrum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Wahyu Trimulyani ◽  
Nurma Suri ◽  
Niken Dwi Astarina
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Traditional medicine is used as natural because it has small effects and more economical than the synthetic drugs. One example of the plants used as a Traditional medicine are Curcuma zedoaria. The study to examine the activity fraction of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome ethanol extract agains Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The simplisia of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome was extracted with ethanol 70% using a maceration method. Thick extracts were then fractionated using saveral solven such as n-heksane, chloroform and ethanol. The testing method used disc antifungi activity with the concentration of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, ketokonazol as the positive control and aquades as the resolvent. The test compounds Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with eluen chloroform: methanol: water (2:3:5(v/v/v)) and phase uses G60F254 had been done. The result showed that Curcuma zedoaria rhizome significantly inhibit of C. albicans and T. rubrum the best inhibit zone diameter that are concentration of 75% for both of them with a diameter 8.98 mm in C. albicans and 11.66 mm in T. rubrum. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) C. albicans is obtained on concentration of 6.25% and T. rubrum is concentration on of 12.5%. The TLC results showed a compound of flavonoids (Rf 0.88), saponins (Rf 0.74), tannins (Rf 0.86). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in C. albicans and T. rubrum are fungistatik and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) are not fungisid for both of them. The ethanol fraction of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome has an activity as an antifungal against C. albicans and T. Rubrum with flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Keywords: Antifungi, Candida albicans, Curcuma zedoaria, Fungistatic, Trichophyton rubrum.

scholarly journals Uji Daya Hambat Fraksi N-Heksan dan Etil Asetat Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (Inhibitory Effect of N-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Sargassum sp. Seaweeds against Staphylococcus aureus)

MEDULA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Eso ◽  
Sufiah Asri Mulyawati ◽  
Eka Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Zone Diameter

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that causes pyogenic infectious disease, such as boils, pimples, endocarditis and sepsis. Resistance of S. aureus is continued growth that made it becomes a very serious problem that need to be solved by looking for another effective alternative for this infection. Several of marine life can be used as a source of antibacterial medication, antiviral, and antifungal. One alternative of antibacterial that comes from water resources is brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.). Purposes: This study aimed to find out the inhibitory fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate of Sargassum sp. against the growth of S. aureus Methods: This study applied quasi experimental method which used posttest-only control design. Samples used in the form of brown seaweed treatment of fraction n-hexane and Ethyl acetate derived from Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. The fraction inhibition test was conducted by diffusion agar method used variant concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) with three repetitions. Erythromycin as control (+) and DMSO 10% as control (-).Result: The study result showed that the n-hexane and Ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum sp. extract was able in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus that seen with the clear zone around the paper disc. Based on this result, the minimum inhibitory fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate obtained in this study was at the concentration of 20%. The diameter average of inhibition zone in both fractions in the concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% were 9.3 mm, 12.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 27 mm, 27.7 mm for n-hexane fraction, mean while the diameter average of inhibition zone in the ethyl acetate fraction was 4.6 mm, 16 mm, 19.3mm, 27.6mm, 29.6 mm. ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 40%, 80%,100% inhibitory zone diameter higher than the fraction of n-hexane while at a concentration of 20% and 60% inhibitory zone diameter higner than the fraction of ethyl acetate. Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, it was concluded that the fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate of Sargassum sp. has an inhibitory effect against the growth of S. aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction was at the concentration of 20%. Fraction of n-heksan and ethyl acetate equally have a strong inhibition of the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Keywords : ethyl acetate fraction, minimum inhibitory concentration, n-hexane fraction, Sargassum sp, Staphylococcus aureus Latar Belakang: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri gram positif penyebab terjadinya penyakit infeksi yang bersifat piogenik seperti bisul, jerawat, endokarditis dan sepsis. Kejadian resistensi antibakteri terhadap S. aureus terus meningkat sehingga menjadi masalah yang sangat serius sehingga diperlukan alternatif lain untuk mengatasi penyakit infeksi yang lebih efektif. Beberapa hasil biota laut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri, antivirus dan antijamur. Salah satu bahan alternatif sebagai antibakteri yang berasal dari sumber perairan yakni rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum sp.). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat fraksi N-Heksana dan Etil Asetat Sargassum sp. terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain post test-only control. Sampel yang digunakan berupa perlakuan fraksi N-Heksan dan Etil Asetat Sargassum sp. yang berasal dari Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Pengujian daya hambat dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dalam berbagai konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Eritromisin yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO 10% (Dimetil sulfoksida) sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Sargassum sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus yang dilihat dengan adanya zona bening disekitar kertas cakram. Konsentrasi hambat minimum dari kedua fraksi pada konsentrasi 20%. Perbedaan rerata diameter zona hambat pada kedua fraksi dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% yaitu sebesar 9,3 mm,12,3 mm, 25,6 mm, 27 mm, 27,7 mm pada fraksi n- heksan dan 4,6 mm, 16 mm, 19,3 mm, 27,6 mm, 29,6 mm pada fraksi etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat pada konsentrasi 40%, 80%, 100% diameter zona hambatnya lebih tinggi dari pada fraksi n-heksan sedangkan pada fraksi n-heksan konsentrasi 20% dan 60% diameter zona hambatnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan fraksi etil asetat. Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi etil asetat Sargassum sp. mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus ekstrak rumput laut cokelat mengandung senyawa flavonoid, steroid, saponin dan tannin. Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM ) dari kedua fraksi yaitu pada konsentrasi 20 %. Fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat mempunyai daya hambat yang kuat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureusKata Kunci : fraksi etil asetat, fraksi n-heksan, Kadar Hambat Minimun, Sargassum sp,  Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals The effect of conocarpan on susceptibility of Candida albicans to phagocytosis and digestion by macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Dhébora Mozena Dall'Igna ◽  
Ana Angélica Steil ◽  
Rosi Zanoni da Silva ◽  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
Alexandre Bella-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Mtt Reduction

Piper solmsianum C. DC. compounds exhibit several properties, including antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether conocarpan alters Candida albicans growth or killing of the yeast by macrophages. Conocarpan showed strong activity against the yeast with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 µg/mL and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 30 µg/mL. Mice peritoneal cells (macrophages) were cultured for 24 and 48 hours in supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. Cellular activation was assessed by determining MTT reduction and nitric oxide production. Standardized tests were conducted to select the optimal parameters for the subsequent killing test. Results showed that conocarpan exhibited antifungal activity and that C. albicans cultivated in the presence of the compound had greater susceptibility to death by macrophages. These findings suggest that conocarpan may have potential as an antimicrobial agent for C. albicans infections, promoting macrophagic immune support by altering growth of the yeast.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ramschie ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Umakant Sharma ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Yogesh K Gupta ◽  
M. P. Dobhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.

Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudum Tiftikcioğlu Deren ◽  
Şengül Özdek ◽  
Ayşe Kalkanci ◽  
Nalan Akyürek ◽  
Berati Hasanreisoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Control Group

The goal of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo efficacy of moxifloxacin and liposomal amphotericin B (Amp-B) monotherapies and combination treatment against Candida albicans in an exogenous endophthalmitis model in rabbit eyes. Microplate dilution tests and checkerboard analysis were performed to detect in vitro efficacies. Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of C. albicans in 40 rabbit eyes with simultaneous intravitreal drug injection according to prophylactic treatment groups. Group 1 (control group) received 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution, group 2 (moxi group) 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL, group 3 (Amp-B group) 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.1 mL, and group 4 (combi group) both 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.05 mL and 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.05 mL intravitreally. Clinical examination, quantitative analysis of microorganisms, and histopathologic examination were performed as in vivo studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans was found to be 1 µg/mL. Moxifloxacin showed no inhibition of in vitro C. albicans growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of liposomal Amp-B for C. albicans were reduced two- to eightfold with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin in vitro. In vivo, there was no C. albicans growth in the combi group (zero of eight eyes), whereas three eyes (37.5%) showed growth in the Amp-B group. Vitreous inflammation, retinal detachment, focal retinal necrosis, and outer nuclear layer loss were found to be lower in the moxi group compared with the control group. Ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer loss was observed in all eyes (100%) in both the moxi and combi groups, whereas only in 25% (two of eight eyes) in the Amp-B group. Moxifloxacin strongly augments the efficacy of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans in vitro, although it has no in vitro antifungal activity when used alone. It is interesting that we found a synergistic effect for in vitro tests but failed to demonstrate it in vivo. When 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL is given intravitreally, it has some toxic effects that are limited to the inner retinal layers.

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