scholarly journals History of the Ukrainian language at the beginning of the XX century: the educational dimension

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Tetiana Vydaichuk
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Language Courses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fresh Impetus

Background. The article aims at establishing the ideological, political, national, educational, and scientific processes which contributed to establishing the Ukrainian language in all spheres of usage and fostered its functional-stylistic development. The paper centers around the language socioleme, that is the history of Ukrainian speakers, readers, and writers, language researchers and those who fought for the right of Ukrainian to be the language of education and the subject of scientific study.Purpose. The article aims at highlighting the struggle for the rights of the Ukrainian language in 1905–1917, as well as some aspects of the Russian Empire language policy as regards university education in Dnieper Ukraine. The research material comprises the ideas of the then scholars and public figures, which appeared in the media at the time (predominantly in the Rada newspaper), archival documents, and gendarme papers.Methods. The article relies primarily on the descriptive method, coupled with elements of the contrastive method and the biographical analysis.Results. The struggle for the Ukrainian language rights in the realm of education began with the demand to establish native language courses at private educational institutions and an extensive Kharkiv and Odesa student campaign for the right to take courses in Ukrainian Studies. Fresh impetus was provided by Kyiv St. Volodymyr University students’ address to the academic council, appealing for the establishment of Departments of Ukrainian Studies. The Imperial University administration did not support the student initiative, which triggered a widespread debate in public and academic circles in Ukraine at the time.Discussion. Generally, up to 1917–1920 (the age of the Ukrainian Revolution) universities and other educational institutions featured no systematic annual academic courses in the Ukrainian language, its dialectal variation, or its history. At the time, Ukrainian did not function as the language of education and science in Dnieper Ukraine, nor was it an object of rigorous academic study. The Russian Empire language and national policy remained anti-Ukrainian, in disregard of the liberties declared in 1905.

scholarly journals MODERN MYTHS OF HISTORY OF PEDAGOGICS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Sergei Teleshov ◽  
Elena Teleshova
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Teacher Training College ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The unique material returning us to the history of a question on possible primogenitors of the Russian State Pedagogical University, the long years, was a smithy of the best teacher's staff of the Russian empire and then the USSR is offered to attention of readers. Whether it is lawful to adhere only to one version of the occurrence of the pedagogical university? The reader can find some answers to an asked question in an offered material. And all of them, probably, have the right to existence. Scientific researchers are guided first of all by the facts (the facts, as speak, a stubborn thing). However, the facts powerless before politicians who interpret history randomly. Nevertheless, we insist that the history of pedagogical university, began in 1903 with the creation of Women's teacher training college. Key words: history of pedagogy, Educational House, teacher's seminary, pedagogical college, pedagogical university.

scholarly journals Ethnological aspects of the history of the legislation of the Russian Empire regarding Jews (1762–1818)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Irina Shikhova ◽  
◽  
Iulii Palihovici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Taxes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The article for the first time in Romanian examines the Jewish ethnological aspect of the history of law in the Russian Empire. The authors, using specific primary material of legislative acts, as well as other historical sources, investigate the history of the appearance of Jews within the borders of the Russian Empire, the history of the creation and functioning of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the evolution of the official attitude towards them. The authors reveal three fundamental positions on which the entire policy of the Russian Empire regarding the Jews was built: Jews within the Russian Empire have the right to settle only in certain regions; they are attached to the kahals (later – Jewish societies), which are collectively responsible to the state; taxes from Jews are higher than from other citizens of the empire, regardless of their economic status. The particular study is devoted to the short period of liberalization in the first years of the reign of Alexander I, whose "Polojenie o evreiah" at the declarative level gave Jews almost equal rights with the rest of the citizens of the Empire and encouraged them to cultural and economic integration.. The research focuses as well on the regional aspect: history, population, territories of the modern Republic of Moldova and Romania. The chronological framework of this article is from the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great (1762) to the creation of the Bessarabian region (1818). In the future the study will continue historically, until the collapse of the Russian Empire and the abolition of the Pale of Settlement

Why did Mendeleev not go to university? (Educational policy of Nicholas I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-179
Author(s):  
Igor Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
University Education ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the educational policy of the Russian Empire during the reign of Nicholas I. In particular, the history of the appearance of the order of Nicholas I on limiting the number of students at universities is considered. According to this order, the staff of students at the universities was “limited to 300 in each, with the prohibition of enrollment in students until the available number is not included in this legalized amount.” An exception was made only for medical faculties, since the army needed qualified doctors. This meant that in most universities in Russia the admission of students should be (and actually was) closed for several years. A particularly difficult situation has developed in the St. Petersburg and Moscow universities. That is why many talented young people, including D. I. Mendeleev, could not get a university education. The study shows that the educational policy in Nicholas Russia was ambiguous and contradictory. The emperor simultaneously wanted to get highly qualified officials and specialists who met the highest European requirements, but at the same time, considering universities as a source of social destabilization and ideological danger, he took measures that hindered the normal development of higher education (in primarily civic) in the country.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ACTIVITY IN YELISAVETGRAD REGION IN 1865-1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Pertsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Military School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
School Activity

In the article, the features of military educational institutions activity in Yelisavetgrad region in 1865–1917 have been studied. The purpose of the article is to study features of Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school activity in Yelisavetgrad region in 1865–1917. The purpose of the Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school was analysed as the one to prepare high-moral officers-practitions and as a military one that had the right to train officers in the rank of Cornets. It has been concluded that at a certain point of its activity Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school became the second in the Russian Empire due to its the internal organization of the institution's life in accordance with the current charter of the internal service in the troops, the organization of the educational process and the regime in the school.Key words: military educational institutions, Yelisavetgrad region, military school, officer cavalry school, military education.

scholarly journals On “Freedom of speech” in the era of Nicholai I (the case of Menzelinsk Uyezd)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Gabdrafikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the story of the scandalous publication from Menzelinsk Uyezd, which was published in a Moscow newspaper in 1849 and provoked a series of events in public life. Based on archival documents and materials of the pre-revolutionary press, the author reconstructed the event series of the conflict situation, revealed the causes and consequences of the conflict, the motives of the parties, as well as the impact of the scandal on society. The publication is devoted to both the history of the Menzelinsk Uyezd and the specifics of how the local authorities in the provinces of the Russian Empire functioned. Therefore, the article reveals wide possibilities of micro-historical analysis.

scholarly journals “Be as It May, but the Judicial Reform Will Soon Emerge”: An Unknown Source on the Preparation of the Judicial Reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1131-1142
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Legkiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Heads Of State

The article and the published documents study the previously unknown documents on the judicial reform. Drawing on archival documents discovered in the Stasovs family archive (from the manuscript department of the Institute of Russian Literature) and in the secret archive of the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery (from the State Archive of the Russian Federation), including correspondence of D. V. Stassov with the chairman of the Yekaterinoslav criminal court chamber, A. S. Kuznetsov (1862–66), the publication reveals the unknown pages of the history of the judicial reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire. The sources highlight the activities of the commission for preparation of the reform under (initially) quite difficult conditions. The details of the judicial reform preparation are given against the background of constant struggles between conservative and liberal camps (with the gradual switchover of high-ranking officials from one camp to another, depending on the Emperor’s will), as well as between different groups and directions. Thus, the adoption of final decisions was delayed due to uncertain, evasive position of its members, as it happened during discussions of individual bills in the State Council. Attention is drawn to the reaction of officials of the Third Department, when perlustrating letters of the Councilor of State, Chief Secretary of the Governing Senate and Chairman of the Criminal Court Chamber of Yekaterinoslav containing quite immodest thoughts on the “behind-the-scenes preparation” of the Judicial reform. D. V. Stasov’s letters were actually weekly diary entries recording the preparation of the 1864 judicial reform, his tone picturesque, descriptions of ministers and high officials accurate and caustic. Such evidence from very authoritative sources provides a wealth of material on the attitude of the Imperial Court and the heads of state institutions (the Ministry of Justice, the State Council, the Senate, the Committee of Ministers, the Second Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery) involved in decision-making concerning judicial projects, which has not been adequately covered in historical and legal studies. Publication of D. V. Stasov's letters (from the archival materials of the Stasov family fond) can significantly expand the source base on the history of preparation of the judicial reforms in the Russian Empire in 1860–64.

scholarly journals From the History of Jewish Schools in Samarkand

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Muhiddinov Sunnatullo Inoyatovich
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Jewish Education ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jewish Schools ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish School

This article describes the activities of Jewish schools in Samarkand region during the reign of the Russian Empire on the basis of archival documents. In Turkestan, the views and policies of the Russian government on Jewish education have been objectively assessed on the basis of sources. The author cited the number of Jewish schools in the province and the number of students in them on the basis of documents. The Jewish school in Samarkand, their educational system, their features are covered. Shortcomings and achievements in the education system of the Jewish diaspora were revealed.

Islam in Kazakhstan: History of Distribution and Modernity

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Burkutbay Ayagan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article is devoted to the analysis of the spread of Islam around the steppe in the 8th — 13th centuries, development of religions within the Golden Horde and the Kazakh Khanate, place and role in the Russian Empire. In the work the authors uses a wide layer of archival documents examines the content and essence of the anti-religious (atheistic) policy of the Soviet state. Much attention is paid to revealing the features and characteristics of the development of interfaith relations in modern Kazakhstan, the formation of religious tolerance, tolerance and dialogue in a multi-ethnic society, and so teaching the basics of religious studies in the training and educational space. The article uses such methods of scientific research as historical-typological, structural-comparative, systemic, content analysis. The main results are that the work reveals the history of the spread of Islam in the Steppe, the content of the policy of party bodies, the place and role of interfaith relations in society after the collapse of the USSR, the importance of religious studies in the system of modern education. The field of application of the research results is in the system of researching the history of Islam in Kazakhstan, as well as in the use and teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines.

Imperial legality through ‘Exception’: Gun control in the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-468
Author(s):  
Tatiana Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

Several days after a failed assassination attempt on the life of the Russian Tsar on 2 April 1879, a new regime of ‘permission to exercise the right to purchase and carry weapons’ was introduced in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that the first attempt on Alexander II's life occurred in 1866 (also in St. Petersburg), it took 13 years to make a radical departure from the previously unrestricted regime of access to arms in the capital of the Russian Empire. In this article, I analyse archival materials documenting how this new regime of weapons ownership was implemented. In particular, I am interested in the dimensions of locality and temporality in the practices by which imperial legislation introduced gun control in St. Petersburg and Warsaw, the Russian Empire's most cosmopolitan cities. The archival documents that I rely on show that the gun control regulations that were intended to be a repressive act of the authorities in reality unfolded as a process of negotiations and merciful exclusions. The intermediaries of the imperial legal order reacted to the international challenges that were posed by emergent revolutionary movements, including the negotiation of the permissible restriction of subjects’ rights. As a result, new practices of ‘public safety’ were implemented as exceptional measures – both locally and temporally. This article sheds light on the imperial legal regime of gun control as a practice of ‘exception’.

Patents of Rank in Russia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Патенты на чин в России XVIII–XIX вв.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
И.А. Вознесенская
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

This article examines the history of patents of rank, not to be confused with patents of nobility, in Russia from their introduction in 1714 to their elimination as a result of the reforms of the 1860s. Patents of rank as a formal documentary credential confirming the holder’s rank is one of the largest coherent sets of documents available, yet has received very little interest from researchers until now. This article explores the development of the format and texts of these patents on the basis of legal acts published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, various archival documents, and the texts of the patents themselves (drawn from collections in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, BAN; the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers, and Communications Forces, VIMAIViVS; and the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SPbII RAN). The article pays special attention to the decorative elements, the methods of producing the patents, and the costs of producing them. The cost for obtaining one of these patents depended on the rank being conferred: the higher the rank, the higher, naturally, the cost. The article also describes the basic steps in procuring a patent and its range of uses.

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