PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES IN PREDOMINANT THERMOPHILIC FUNGI AVAILABLE FROM ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
G.M. Birajdar ◽  
Udhav Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Chaetomium Thermophilum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Maximum Minimum

Present investigation describes that the study site comes under Aurangabad Division Maharashtra and it falls in Deccan Plateau Zone of India. It was collected different types of organic substrates viz. vermiompost, poultary manure, baggase, farm yard manure (FYM), soil, Ash etc. Isolated thermophilic predominant fungi thermophilic fungi viz.Aspergillus niger, Mucor mucedo,Humicola  insolens,Trichoderma harzianum,T. viride,Penicillium duponti,Fusarium oxysporun and Chaetomium thermophilum were carried out for the production of enzymes. Isolated predominant thermophilic fungi were evaluated on different types of enzymes. Among tested thermophilic fungi, the highest ativity was observed in C. thermophilium (20mm)  followed by T. harzianum (19.50mm) In lipase, M. mucedo  (15.40mm) was found maximum followed by F. oxysporun. Cellulase activity was found highest in A. nige (25mm) followed by others. In case of xylanase, catalase, peroxidase  and esterase activities were found maximum, minimum  and medium even negative in some fungi. Maximum pectinase activity was detected from H. insolens (52.26 @ 0 min) and (74.25 @ 10 min) and in case of M. mucedo, F. oxysporun and C. thermophilium was found most extreme while least in A. niger (30.12) and P. duponti (33.47) @ 0 minute.   Key words: Organic Substrates, Thermophilic Fungi, Enzymes

Evaluation of Different Types of Substrates in Cocoa Nursery (Theobroma Cacao L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos ◽  
Cesar Ramiro Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Paula Marisol V
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

This research was conducted at the experimental farm "La Maria" State Technical University of Quevedo, located at Km 7.5 Vía Quevedo - El Empalme, with the overall objective to determine the effect of different organic substrates on seedling growth cocoa nursery conditions. The specific objectives were to evaluate the growth of cocoa plants in different substrates study, identify the substrate that allows greater root development of seedlings of cacao and perform economic analysis of each of the treatments studied. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 10 treatments in three replicates and treatment means were compared with Duncan test at 95% probability. The treatments were: T1: 60% Bokashi + 40% black earth, T2: 60% Bokashi + 40% sawdust raft, T3: 60% Bokashi + 40% chaff burnt rice, T4: 40% Bokashi + 20% sawdust balsa + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burnt rice, T5: 60% vermicompost + 40% black earth, T6: 60% vermicompost + 40% sawdust raft, S7: 60% vermicompost + 40% chaff burnt rice, T8: 40% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burn rice + 20% sawdust raft, T9: 30% bokashi + 30% vermicompost + 20% black earth + 10% sawdust + 10% balsa burning rice chaff, T10: 75% + 25% black earth rice husks. The main results of this research it was observed that the planted in treating 9 (30% Bokashi, 30% vermicompost, 20% black soil, 10% sawdust balsa and 10% chaff burnt rice), was recorded 100% germination, plant also produced in this substrate were greater height, stem diameter, presence of leaves and root length. Treatment 10 (75% of black earth and 25% rice husks) produced the highest returns with 59.68% of the production of 1000 seedlings, meaning that for every dollar invested a profit of $ 0.60 was obtained for every dollar reversed, however, with treatment 9 (30% bokashi, 30% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 10% sawdust raft + 10% chaff burnt rice) plants showed better characteristics that are the basis for acceptance by the buyer, generating a return of 34.23%, as a result of higher production cost.

Crystal structure of a Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Mohsin ◽  
Li-Qing Zhang ◽  
Duo-Chuan Li ◽  
Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermophilic Fungus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Chaetomium Thermophilum ◽  
Promising Source

Background: Thermophilic fungi have recently emerged as a promising source of thermostable enzymes. Superoxide dismutases are key antioxidant metalloenzymes with promising therapeutic effects in various diseases, both acute and chronic. However, structural heterogeneity and low thermostability limit their therapeutic efficacy. Objective: Although several studies from hypethermophilic superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been reported, information about Cu,Zn-SODs from thermophilic fungi is scarce. Chaetomium thermophilum is a thermophilic fungus that could provide proteins with thermophilic properties. Method: The enzyme was expressed in Pichia pastoris cells and crystallized using the vapor-diffusion method. X-ray data were collected, and the structure was determined and refined to 1.56 Å resolution. Structural analysis and comparisons were carried out. Results: The presence of 8 molecules (A through H) in the asymmetric unit resulted in four different interfaces. Molecules A and F form the typical homodimer which is also found in other Cu,Zn-SODs. Zinc was present in all subunits of the structure while copper was found in only four subunits with reduced occupancy (C, D, E and F). Conclusion: The ability of the enzyme to form oligomers and the elevated Thr:Ser ratio may be contributing factors to its thermal stability. Two hydrophobic residues that participate in interface formation and are not present in other CuZn-SODs may play a role in the formation of new interfaces and the oligomerization process. The CtSOD crystal structure reported here is the first Cu,Zn-SOD structure from a thermophilic fungus.

Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal by Aerobic Granular Sludge at Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2966-2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ling Bao ◽  
Xiao Ju Yan ◽  
Shui Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Different Types

To deeply understand the performance of denitrifying phosphorus removal by aerobic granular sludge at low temperature, an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor had been operated at 10±1°C. The results showed that the PHAs components synthesized by phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in granule sludge were affected by different types of carbon source in anaerobic period, and the release and uptake of phosphate were also influenced. It was indicated that the increased ratio of PHV to PHAs led to the increase of the utilization efficiency of nitrate by denitrification PAOs. When initial COD concentration in anaerobic period was lower than 300mg/L, it can effectively keep organic substrates from flowing into the following anoxic period which influenced the efficiency of denitrifying phosphorus removal. Inhibition of nitrite to denitrifying phosphorus removal was decreased due to biology film growth manner of aerobic granular sludge. The inhibitory concentration of nitrite to denitrifying PAOs was 60 mg/L.

scholarly journals Crystal Structure of a GH3 β-Glucosidase from the Thermophilic Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Mohsin ◽  
Nirmal Poudel ◽  
Duo-Chuan Li ◽  
Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Thermophilic Fungus ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Chaetomium Thermophilum ◽  
Promising Source

Beta-glucosidases (β-glucosidases) have attracted considerable attention in recent years for use in various biotechnological applications. They are also essential enzymes for lignocellulose degradation in biofuel production. However, cost-effective biomass conversion requires the use of highly efficient enzymes. Thus, the search for new enzymes as better alternatives of the currently available enzyme preparations is highly important. Thermophilic fungi are nowadays considered as a promising source of enzymes with improved stability. Here, the crystal structure of a family GH3 β-glucosidase from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (CtBGL) was determined at a resolution of 2.99 Å. The structure showed the three-domain architecture found in other β-glucosidases with variations in loops and linker regions. The active site catalytic residues in CtBGL were identified as Asp287 (nucleophile) and Glu517 (acid/base). Structural comparison of CtBGL with Protein Data Bank (PDB)-deposited structures revealed variations among glycosylated Asn residues. The enzyme displayed moderate glycosylation compared to other GH3 family β-glucosidases with similar structure. A new glycosylation site at position Asn504 was identified in CtBGL. Moreover, comparison with respect to several thermostability parameters suggested that glycosylation and charged residues involved in electrostatic interactions may contribute to the stability of the enzyme at elevated temperatures. The reported CtBGL structure provides additional insights into the family GH3 enzymes and could offer new ideas for further improvements in β-glucosidases for more efficient use in biotechnological applications regarding cellulose degradation.

Description of nitrogen incorporation and release in ADM1

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wett ◽  
A. Eladawy ◽  
M. Ogurek
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biokinetic Model ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Kinetics Of

ADM1 represents a universally applicable biokinetic model for the mathematical description of anaerobic digestion of different types of organic substrates. Digestion of particulate composites is described as a five-stage process involving disintegration, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, of which the last three process steps are represented by growth kinetics of the specific degrading biomass. Decay of the produced biomass according to ADM1 is depicted by a recycle mass flux to the composite particulate substrate. Consequently two different actions are lumped into one process describing both conversion of feed substrate (depending primarily on influent characterisation) and generation of decay products (depending on digestion performance). In this presentation the introduction of a separate compound of inert decay products in analogy to ASM1 is suggested. Model calibration of separately monitored digestion of primary and secondary sludge (nitrogen content 0.030 g N/g TSS and 0.051 g N/g TSS, respectively) reveals the advantage of a clear distinction of disintegration and decay. The fate of nitrogen in the course of incorporation and release (0.016 g N/g TSS compared to 0.028 g N/g TSS) during digestion processes is comprehensible and the final ammonia concentration in the rejection water becomes predictable.

A Wind Power Forecasting Method Based on Improved Support Vector Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1964-1967
Author(s):  
Hong Chang Ke ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
De Gang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wind Forecasting ◽  
Improved Support Vector Machine ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Maximum Minimum

For the deficiencies of traditional wind forecasting method, a wind forecasting method based on improved support vector machine which support any parameters input. The method can compatible with many different types and magnitude data and construct a loop iteration mechanism, based on the wind farm's own situation which constantly prompts to enter the wind speed, season, temperature, humidity, light until it reaches the desired accuracy. For wind power consumptive capacity, the method proposed can obtain the maximum, minimum wind parameters and the range of variation, diverse support vector machine regression model can be produced by learning, which can predict the future of wind energy within a period of time. The method can improve the quality of wind power and grid scheduling, for maintaining grid stability has a very important role.

scholarly journals Screening of Cellulase, Pectinase and Xylanase activities and optimization of radial Mycelial growth of two Thermophilic Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumkum Azad ◽  
Feroza Hossain ◽  
Md Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The enzymatic activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus BPJ-10 and Rhizomucor pusillus BPJ-2 were observed through qualitative screening programme which was demonstrated by the hydrolysis of substrate on solid media. Both the fungi exhibited potential xylanolytic and pectinolytic activities whereas no cellulase activity was observed in T. lanuginosus BPJ-10 and very low cellulase activity was found in R. pusillus BPJ- 2. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of T. lanuginosus BPJ-10 and R. pusillus BPJ-2 were found to be 50 and 45°C, respectively, whereas the optimum pH for both of them were 6.5 and 5, respectively. Out of five culture media used, both the fungi showed maximum radial mycelia growth on Potato Dextrose Agar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18021 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 207-213, 2013 (December

scholarly journals Novel Proteome and N-Glycoproteome of the Thermophilic Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum in Response to High Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Gao ◽  
Qingchao Li ◽  
Duochuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Chaetomium Thermophilum ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Related Proteins

Thermophilic fungi are eukaryotic species that grow at high temperatures, but little is known about the underlying basis of thermophily at cell and molecular levels. Here the proteome and N-glycoproteome of Chaetomium thermophilum at varying culture temperatures (30, 50, and 55°C) were studied using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy analysis. With respect to the proteome, the numbers of differentially expressed proteins were 1,274, 1,374, and 1,063 in T50/T30, T55/T30, and T55/T50, respectively. The upregulated proteins were involved in biological processes, such as protein folding and carbohydrate metabolism. Most downregulated proteins were involved in molecular functions, including structural constituents of the ribosome and other protein complexes. For the N-glycoproteome, the numbers of differentially expressed N-glycoproteins were 160, 176, and 128 in T50/T30, T55/T30, and T55/T50, respectively. The differential glycoproteins were mainly involved in various types of N-glycan biosynthesis, mRNA surveillance pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicated that an efficient protein homeostasis pathway plays an essential role in the thermophily of C. thermophilum, and N-glycosylation is involved by affecting related proteins. This is the novel study to reveal thermophilic fungi’s physiological response to high-temperature adaptation using omics analysis, facilitating the exploration of the thermophily mechanism of thermophilic fungi.

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