LEGAL STATUS OF THE ILLEGITIMATE IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Селютина ◽  
Elena Selyutina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Scientific Subject

Results of the research of standard and legal regulation of legal status of the children born out of the marriage in the Russian Empire the XIX-XX centuries, which is carried out by the author within the cathedral scientific subject are presented in the article. The main features of legal status of this category of children are designated, the social and economic conditions and Russian cultural traditions which affected special legal status of illegitimate are noted, the attitude of Orthodox Church towards parents of the illegitimate during the considered period is revealed.

Soldiers' children as a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov ◽  
Svetlana Bukalova ◽  
Sergey Simonov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Family Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

We consider the social and legal status, family status and class transformations of soldiers’ offspring in the second half of the 19th century. The great reforms of the 60–70s of the 19th century did not actually affect the regulation of children of lower ranks and reserve soldiers. In this context, it is clear that there has been very little change in the situation of such children compared to the recruitment period. Soldiers’ children in the 19th century continued to fill up the lumpenized population groups of the Russian Empire, and their situation remained shaky, unstable and uncertain. We reveal the historical and legal dynamics aspects of the social and class status of children of representatives of the “military class”: soldiers’ children, reserve soldiers’ children, recruits’ children. We ascertain features of the charity and welfare organization for the families with called up soldiers during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Attracting a wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed quite successfully to reconstruct existing social and legal regulation and the practice of charity “military offspring” of lower ranks soldiers. We reveal features of the “reflection” of soldiers’ position in primary archival documents and legislative acts, including social and legal conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military children”. We give a historiographic assessment of the study of legal status of soldiers’ children and their everyday life in the war and peace years of the second half of the 19th century. We identify research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians on the stated issues. We draw conclusions about the prospects of studying the post-reform ethnic and social, social and cultural, class and legal features of the soldier’s offspring, which is still “in the shadow” of research interest in the history community. We prove that “soldiers’ children” were and remained a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. We reveal the peculiarities of studying this category of “military class” in pre-reform and post-reform Russia.

scholarly journals The “Edelevsky” list of the “protective memory” of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich to the Mordovian Princes and Murzes in 1572

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Demidov
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The article considers the publication of a unique source for the history of the Mordovian people, the “protective memory” dated by 1572 addressed to the princes and Murzes of Mordovia. The “protective memory” is considered in comparison with the “romadanovsky” list belonging to the descendants of the Mordovian prince Romadan, seeking the return of the nobility, the non-criminal record of the Temnik-Kadom Mordva, published in the XVIII century, similar to the records of Tatar Sovereigns to the Temnik-Kadom Mordva. Materials and methods. The author focused on studying the content of the source, revealing the identities of the recipients, analyzing the composition of the princes and Murz of Mordovian records, spelling of the names, origin, and family ties. The genealogy of the princes Edelevs is being reconstructed, the history of their kind is described together with the history of Mordovian Murzas and their representatives in the context of social and historical ties. Results and discussion. The article describes the social situation of Princes Edelevs, the features of land ownership, land use, property and ownership of serfs. The article discusses the history of the discovery and use of the source in the clerical work of the aristocratic deputies’ assemblies and the Governing Senate at the request of the descendants of Mordovian princes and Muzes from the Edelev family to restore the rights of the noble state. It poses the problem of studying the social stratification in Mordovian society, the typology and origin of the Mordovian aristocracy, the peculiarities of the titling and inheritance of power, its role in the historical and social development of the Mordovian people, as well as its legal status in the Russian Empire. It compares the situation of the Temnikov-Kadom Mordovian Tarkhans, Cossacks, White Field and Alatyr princes and Mordovian Murzes, serving Mordovians and Tatars. Conclusion. “Protective memory” indicates that in the XVI century there was a national Mordovian aristocracy, collaborating with Moscow and being in the service of Great Sovereigns, and subsequently becoming part of the nobility and other classes of Russian society. The choice of Mordovian princes ensured the relatively peaceful entry of Mordovian lands into the Russian Empire.

On the issue of legal status of spiritual Christians Molokans in the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Dmitriy I. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this work is to give a brief analysis of the legal status of spiritual Christians Molokans in the Russian Empire, following the dynamics of state legal regulation. The problem of the individual sectarian groups status remains little studied in both domestic and foreign literature, which determines its relevance. We use the following research methods: chronological, problem and analytical. We analyze the norms of administrative and criminal law in force in the 19th - early 20th centuries in the Russian Empire, which regulate the rights and obligations of subjects assigned to the Molokan sect. The analysis showed that the legal impact of the state on the Molokans was repressive and causal throughout most of the studied period. Only the reign of Alexander I was marked by a loyal attitude towards sectarians. After the revolutionary events of 1905, a number of civil and religious freedoms were granted to the Molokans, however, one cannot speak of the religious equality of all subjects during this period. After 1905, specialized acts were passed regulating the procedure for registering communities, holding conventions, organizing religious education, and other areas of public relations.

Soldiers’ children in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire of 18th–19th centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social History ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

We consider historical and legal aspects of social and class status of minor members of “military class”: soldiers’ children, recruit’s children, soldiers’ daughters. These children had special status in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire in 18th–19th century as they were born in the families of recruits, lower ranks soldiers during their service in Russian army, retired soldiers, soldiers on indefinite leave and service-disabled veterans. On the basis of wide range of archival and published materials we reconstructed the legal regulation and social characteristics of “military offspring” in military forces and civil society. We also reveal recorded in primary archival documents and legal acts social and legal, class and household collisions and trends, which determined life and destiny of “military children”. We clarify statistical uncertainties, which occurred during estimation members of military class – soldiers’ children – in Russian province. We also give detailed historiographic assessment of studying legal status of cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. We conclude about the prospects of studying this scientific problem by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival documents, which are waiting for the introduction into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “soldiers’ children” was not only a subject, but was often the object of Russian legislation, this category also made it possible to successfully defend their rights. We reveal features of transformation of the former cantonists into professional soldiers, and also their role in military and social history of the Russian Empire of the considered chronological period.

scholarly journals Statutory Regulation of Living of Employees of Military Industry Enterprises of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX to the Beginning of the XX Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bobkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Statutory Regulation

On the basis of historical documents that were not previously introduced into a wide scientific circulation, the features of the normative legal regulation of the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises (arsenals and factories) of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are reconstructed. The dependence of the social relations considered in the article on the development of civil and military legislation of the Russian Empire is shown. The publication found that the legal regulation sought to cover most aspects of the life of workers in military enterprises. The military authorities gave legislative incentives to impeccable and high-quality work, designated socio-economic guarantees for workers in the event of injury, injury or retirement. The corresponding punitive norms of the military legislation were applied to the workers of the military-industrial enterprises who were careless about the case, and sometimes committing antisocial actions. In general, civil and military legislation were harmoniously combined and successfully regulated the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Effective legislative regulation helped boost productivity in military factories and arsenals, and ultimately ensured the strength of domestic weapons and increased Russia’s national security.

scholarly journals Lawyer Activity Legal Bases Formation in the Russian Empire During the Judicial Reform of 1864

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
K.A. Belov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Mikhaylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
The Russian Empire

The evolution of the formation and development of the bar as a legal institution is considered. The results of organizational and legal regulation of advocacy in the Russian Empire are studied and the analysis of the legal status of the lawyer is drawn. Peculiarities of private attorneys’ activities are revealed.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of Government Supplies in the Russian Empire of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
I. B. Danilov ◽  
Yu. B. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Supply Contract ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mandatory Provision

In the framework of the historical and legal research, the author analyzed the legislation of the Russian Empire of the XIX – early XX century on state supplies and its comparison with current legislation on supplies for state or municipal needs. Revealed similarities and differences, established their nature and legal nature. The conclusion is formulated that the evolution of the legislation on supplies for state needs has taken the path of liberalizing the legal status of the supplier, as well as the requirements for it. This concerns, first of all, the participation of the supplier in agreeing the terms of the supply contract to be concluded, as well as the possibility of concluding it without applying enforcement measures. It has been suggested that this pattern may be a consequence of the general strengthening of the lack of discretion of civil law, however, the question of the validity of such transformations, taking into account the specifics of supply relations for state and municipal needs, is questionable. It was concluded that the borrowing of the provisions on the mandatory provision of such agreements may positively affect the stability of the emerging legal relations.

scholarly journals The Formation and Development of the Legal Status of a Consumer of Paid Medical Services in the Russian Health Care System in the XVIII – Early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309
Author(s):  
Mariya Soboleva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Care System

The socio-economic situation in Russia over the past decades has undergone serious changes that could not but affect the health system. There have been prerequisites for the development of private medicine, which has been supported by the state. Currently, there is an increase in the share of medical services provided on a paid basis. Widespread private practice, covering the chronological period of the Russian Empire, was interpreted by the authorities in the Soviet period as a relic of the capitalist system, contrary to the basic principles of proper health care organization. The Soviet period of Russian history appears to us as a chronological gap, that is, a time gap that characterizes the specifics of the linear existence of paid medical services. In this regard, it seems relevant and timely to conduct research on the historical aspects of the formation and development of the legal status of consumers of paid medical services in the Russian Empire. In our opinion, such research is of both theoretical and practical interest. The first is due to the lack of development of this topic in the historical and legal literature. The second one will allow us to identify existing shortcomings in legal regulation in the sphere of public health protection based on the generalization of historical experience and formulate practical recommendations for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in this area. From the perspective of this work, we aim to assess the legal status of consumers of paid medical services in the XVIII – early XX century, comprehensively examining such elements of legal status as rights, freedoms, interests and duties. The article analyzes the influence of belonging of the inhabitants of the Empire to a particular social group on the formation of the legal status of consumers of paid medical services. For the first time, the main types of rights of consumers of paid medical services are separated from the regulatory legal acts in the field of healthcare of the Russian Empire and formed into a group. Based on the results of a detailed analysis, we conclude that in the Russian Empire, the duties of consumers of paid medical services took priority over the rights, since it was believed that if the obligations were met, the rights would exist regardless of their formal Declaration. The analysis helps to understand the development of regulation of health ser-vices and allows us to draw historical parallels with the existing regulatory framework of the health care system in Russia.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

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