Long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer

AbstractSmall non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are a subgroup of non‐coding RNAs, with less than 200 nucleotides length and no potential for coding proteins. PiRNAs, a member of sncRNAs, were first discovered more than a decade ago and have attracted researcher’s attention because of their gene regulatory function both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Recent investigations have found that the abnormal expression of these sncRNAs is involved in many human diseases, including cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a common gastrointestinal malignancy, is one of the important causes of cancer‐related deaths through the entire world and appears to be a consequence of mutation in the genome and epigenetic alterations. The aim of this review is to realize whether there is a relationship between CRC and piRNAs or not.

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A Crosstalk between Diet, Microbiome and microRNA in Epigenetic Regulation of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2428

Author(s):

Małgorzata Guz ◽

Witold Jeleniewicz ◽

Anna Malm ◽

Izabela Korona-Glowniak

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Vital Role ◽

Disease States ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Non Coding Rnas

A still growing interest between human nutrition in relation to health and disease states can be observed. Dietary components shape the composition of microbiota colonizing our gastrointestinal tract which play a vital role in maintaining human health. There is a strong evidence that diet, gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence our epigenome, particularly through the modulation of microRNAs. These group of small non-coding RNAs maintain cellular homeostasis, however any changes leading to impaired expression of miRNAs contribute to the development of different pathologies, including neoplastic diseases. Imbalance of intestinal microbiota due to diet is primary associated with the development of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers. In the present work we summarize current knowledge with particular emphasis on diet-microbiota-miRNAs axis and its relation to the development of colorectal cancer.

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The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

Cancer Cell International ◽

10.1186/s12935-021-02196-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽

Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽

Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽

Chris Young ◽

Hosna Babini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Rna Binding Proteins ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Mirna Sponges ◽

Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

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A Review on the Carcinogenic Roles of DSCAM-AS1

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.758513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽

Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽

Mohammad Taheri ◽

Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Antisense Rna ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Cancer Colorectal ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Breast Tumor Cells ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts with fundamental roles in the carcinogenesis. DSCAM Antisense RNA 1 (DSCAM−AS1) is an example of this group of transcripts which has been firstly identified in an attempt to find differentially expressed transcripts between breast tumor cells and benign breast samples. The pathogenic roles of DSCAM-AS1 have been vastly assessed in breast cancer, yet its roles are not restricted to this type of cancer. Independent studies in non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma and cervical cancer have validated participation of DSCAM-AS1 in the carcinogenic processes. miR-577, miR-122-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136, miR−137, miR−382, miR−183, miR−99, miR-3173-5p, miR-874-3p, miR-874-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-2467-3p, miR-216b, miR-384, miR-186-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-877-5p and miR-101 are among miRNAs which interact with DSCAM-AS1. Moreover, this lncRNA has interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The current study aims at summarization of the results of studies which focused on the assessment of oncogenic role of DSCAM-AS1.

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Promising Advances in LINC01116 Related to Cancer

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.736927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Yating Xu ◽

Xiao Yu ◽

Menggang Zhang ◽

Qingyuan Zheng ◽

Zongzong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Colorectal ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Future Studies ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length of no less than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are pivotal regulators of biological processes in several diseases, particularly in several malignant tumors. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1116 (LINC01116) is a lncRNA, whose aberrant expression is correlated with a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, and osteosarcoma. LINC01116 plays a crucial role in facilitating cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In addition, numerous studies have recently suggested that LINC01116 has emerged as a novel biomarker for prognosis and therapy in malignant tumors. Consequently, we summarize the clinical significance of LINC01116 associated with biological processes in various tumors and provide a hopeful orientation to guide clinical treatment of various cancers in future studies.

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The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.583372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi ◽

Anoka A. Njan ◽

Solomon O. Rotimi ◽

Anu R. I. ◽

Attia M. Elbehi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Tumor Onset ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

The Impact

Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.

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miRNA Clusters with Down-Regulated Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer and Their Regulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21134633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4633 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulína Pidíkova ◽

Richard Reis ◽

Iveta Herichova

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Mirna Regulation ◽

Regulated Expression ◽

Mirna Clusters ◽

Position Regulation ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression has been extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), since CRC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Transcriptional control of miRNAs creating clusters can be, to some extent, estimated from cluster position on a chromosome. Levels of miRNAs are also controlled by miRNAs “sponging” by long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Both types of miRNA regulation strongly influence their function. We focused on clusters of miRNAs found to be down-regulated in CRC, containing miR-1, let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-99, miR-100, miR-125, miR-133, miR-143, miR-145, miR-192, miR-194, miR-195, miR-206, miR-215, miR-302, miR-367 and miR-497 and analysed their genome position, regulation and functions. Only evidence provided with the use of CRC in vivo and/or in vitro models was taken into consideration. Comprehensive research revealed that down-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC are mostly located in a gene intron and, in a majority of cases, miRNA clusters possess cluster-specific transcriptional regulation. For all selected clusters, regulation mediated by long ncRNA was experimentally demonstrated in CRC, at least in one cluster member. Oncostatic functions were predominantly linked with the reviewed miRNAs, and their high expression was usually associated with better survival. These findings implicate the potential of down-regulated clusters in CRC to become promising multi-targets for therapeutic manipulation.

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Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.180212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 180212 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Bing Chen ◽

Zijing Xia ◽

Ya-Nan Deng ◽

Yanfang Yang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Target Genes ◽

Research Use ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Recurrence Prediction ◽

Extracellular Mirnas ◽

Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

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