scholarly journals Evaluación de los efectos sinérgicos de cromo y plomo durante el proceso de fitorremediación con berro (Nasturtium officinale) en un humedal artificial//Evaluation of the synergistic effects of chromium and lead during the process of phytoremediation with watercress (Nasturtium officinale) in an artificial wetland

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Julia Mariana Márquez-Reyes ◽  
Arcadio Valdés-González ◽  
Celestino García-Gómez ◽  
Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes ◽  
Julián Gamboa- Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Root Section ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Simultaneous Accumulation ◽  
Cr Removal

La contaminación por metales pesados ha aumentado con los años debido a sus diferentes aplicaciones. Se han evaluado distintas especies vegetales para bioacumular metales pesados, el berro es una especie con capacidad de fitorremediación. Sin embargo, falta información sobre la sinergia que ocurre cuando dos metales en el medio están presentes y condicionan su acumulación en las plantas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto sinérgico en la acumulación simultánea de Pb y Cr (VI) en berro. Se utilizó un sistema cerrado y un humedal artificial para evaluar el comportamiento de los metales en presencia de berro, cuantificando al final de cada experimento la concentración acumulada en tallos, hoja y raíz. La mayor concentración de ambos metales fue en raíz (Pb > Cr). Al incrementarse la presencia de Cr (VI) en solución, la planta absorbe más metal, y en combinación con Pb el índice de tolerancia se aumenta y el factor de translocación disminuye. Dentro del humedal construido el porcentaje de remoción de Pb y Cr total fue del >99.9% (100 mg L-1) y 95% (28.5 mg L-1), respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existen interacciones ambientales, físicas y químicas que determinan la capacidad de bioacumulación en el berro, de los metales evaluados.ABSTRACTHeavy metal pollution has increased over the years due to its different applications. Different plant species have been evaluated to bioaccumulate heavy metals; watercress is a species with phytoremediation capacity. However, there is little information on the synergy that occurs when two metals in the medium are present and condition their accumulation in plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the synergistic effect on the simultaneous accumulation of Pb and Cr (VI) in watercress. We used a batch system and an artificial wetland to evaluate the behavior of metals in the presence of watercress, quantifying at the end of each experiment the cumulative concentration in stems, leaf, and root. The highest concentration of both metals occurred in the root section (Pb> Cr). As the presence of Cr (VI) in solution increases, the plant absorbs more metal, and combination with Pb the tolerance index is increased and the translocation factor decreases. Within the constructed wetland the percentage of total Pb and Cr removal was >99.9 % (100 mg L-1) and 95% (28.5 mg L-1) respectively. The results show the presence of effects of environmental, physical and chemical interactions that determine the capacity of bioaccumulation of the metals evaluated in watercress.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Lead by Pepper Elder (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) in a Lead-Contaminated Hydroponic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Jessica O. Tablang ◽  
◽  
Florenda B. Temanel ◽  
Ron Patrick C. Campos ◽  
Helen C. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Lead (Pb) has become one of the most common heavy metal contaminants, demanding research on economical remediation approaches with minimal ecological impacts. Pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida) is a fast-growing plant that can be a candidate for bioaccumulation and phytoremediation. In this study, the lead bioaccumulation of P. pellucida was assessed by determining the growth response and absorptive capacity of the plant. Plants were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with 500 mg/L of Pb for 28 days. Growth response, absorptive capacity and tolerance of plants grown in contaminated nutrient solution were determined in comparison with control plants. After 28 days of exposure, lead phytotoxicity symptoms such as wilting, chlorosis and necrosis were observed on some plants. The control plants recorded 3.08 g total dry weight (DW) compared to the 1.35 g in Pb-contaminated plants. The tolerance index (TI) of P. pellucida was at 43.40%. The plants were able to absorb lead, with the concentration of lead in the roots (158.6 µg/g) being greater than the concentration of the metal in the shoots (43.2 µg/g). Meanwhile, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values were recorded at 0.40 and 0.27, respectively. BCF criterion indicates that the plant is not suitable for phytoextraction, but TF value shows that the plant can be a potential excluder. The findings of the study show that P. pellucida accumulated considerable amount of lead within its tissues, indicating that the plants may be further exploited for their capacity to absorb heavy metals by tweaking several factors that may affect its bioaccumulation ability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Palm Oil-Based Hybrid Oils as Green Multifunctional Oils on the Properties of Elastomer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Song
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Heat Build Up ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hybrid oils in an elastomer matrix provide superior physical and chemical properties over conventional elastomer composites. In this study, we investigated the possibility of utilizing palm-based hybrid oil as a processing oil, with various other added oils such as methylester, palm monoglyceride and dammar, and their effects on the curing characteristics, mechanical, abrasion resistance and heat build-up properties of elastomer composites. The elastomer composites with the hybrid oils exhibit remarkable improvements in mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strength, elongation and toughness, which were ascribed to the enhanced dispersion of the fillers in the elastomer matrix. Also, the hybrid oils in the elastomer matrix showed outstanding heat build-up, abrasion and rebound resilience properties at low loadings. The synergistic effects in the elastomer matrix achieved by the hybridization of palm oil and other oils represent a significant contribution to advanced, stronger elastomer composites in various applications.

scholarly journals Modification of natural pumice by physical and chemical treatments for removal of zinc ions from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Shinta Indah ◽  
Denny Helard ◽  
Budhi Primasari ◽  
Tivany Edwin ◽  
Riyan Hexa Putra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Modification Technique ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To increase the adsorption capability of natural pumice from Sungai Pasak, West Sumatra, Indonesia in removal of Zn from aqueous solution, modification by physical and chemical treatments were evaluated. The treatments were heating at temperatures of 300°C, 450°C, and 600°C for physical and soaking in acid solutions (HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3) for chemical treatments. The adsorption was performed in batch system with the optimum condition (6 of pH solution, < 63 um of adsorbent diameter, 3 g/L of adsorbent dose, 5 mg/L of Zn concentration, and 15 min of contact time). The results revealed that the removal efficiency and Zn uptake increase using modified pumice from 68.83% and 1.15 mg/g to 74.46% and 1.24 mg/g. The highest removal efficiency and Zn uptake were obtained from 300°C of heating temperatures and HCl for acid solution. The application of modified adsorbent for removal of Zn from aqueous solution showed that the modification technique has the potential to increase the removal efficiency and metal uptake of the natural pumice.

scholarly journals Phyto-evaluation of Cd-Pb Using Tropical Plants in Soil-Leachate Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117862211877776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck Chuan Ng ◽  
Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce ◽  
Md Motior Rahman ◽  
Mhd Radzi Abas ◽  
Noor Zalina Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Accumulation Trend

Sources of soil contamination can exist in various types of conditions including in the form of semifluids. In this study, 3 different types of tropical plants, Acacia ( Acacia mangium Willd), Mucuna ( Mucuna bracteata DC. ex Kurz) and Vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash), were tested under different levels of soil-leachate conditions. The relative growth rate, metal tolerance, and phytoassessment of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) accumulation in the roots and shoots were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Tolerance index, translocation factor, metal accumulation ratio, and percentage metal efficacy were applied to assess the metal translocation ability among all the 3 types of plants. Significantly higher ( P < .05) accumulation of Cd and Pb was exhibited in the roots and shoots of all 3 plants growing under the soil-leachate conditions. However, negative growth performance and plant withering were observed in both Acacia and Mucuna with increased application of higher soil-leachate levels. Vetiver accumulated remarkably higher total concentration of Cd (116.16-141.51 mg/kg) and Pb (156.37-365.27 mg/kg) compared with both Acacia and Mucuna. The overall accumulation trend of Cd and Pb in the 3 plants growing under the soil-leachate conditions was in the order of Vetiver > Acacia > Mucuna. The findings of the study suggest that Vetiver has great potential as Cd and Pb phytoremediator in soil-leachate conditions.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Cordyline Fruticosa for Lead Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
L. Herlina ◽  
B. Widianarko ◽  
H. R. Sunoko
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Cordyline Fruticosa

Phytoremediation is a practical, environmentally-friendly, low-cost technological solution used to clean various types of pollution, including metals, pesticide residues, and oils from contaminated soil and water. In this study, Cordyline fruticosa was planted in the lead-contaminated soil. Each pot was given 250 mg/kg and 375 mg/kg of lead. The parameters observed included biomass (mg), lead content in the root, stem, and leaf, bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, metal tolerance index, and amount of metal extraction, which were analyzed after 30, 60, and 90 days. The results revealed that root, stem and leaf biomass (g) were significantly different from control (T0). The lead contents were root<stem <leaf, while the translocation factor value was more than one, except for lead exposure 375 mg/kg (T2) in the second month and 250 mg/kg lead (T1) in the third month. The bioaccumulation factor for all treatments was less than one, and the metal tolerance index ranged from 90.87% - 93.07%. Besides, the amount of root metal extraction was smaller than the shoot. In sum, C. fruticosa is potential phytoremediation. 

scholarly journals PHYTOEXTRACTION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD FROM A CONTAMINATED SOIL USING EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-827
Author(s):  
Al-Salmany & Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

This study aims to estimate critical concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil which negatively affect growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings, and to estimate some phytoextraction parameters for heavy metals (HM) from the soil to evaluate efficiency of seedlings in their potential use in phytotechnology to improve the environment with phytoremediation. Eucalyptus seedlings were treated with Cd concentrations 0, 25, 55, 85, and 110 mg kg-1 dry soil as CdCl2, and Pb concentrations 0, 125, 250, 450, and 550 mg kg-1 dry soil as PbCl2, and the experiment was designed using the completely randomized design (CRD) as a two-factor factorial experiments and the data were analyzed using SAS system. Results showed that the highest percentage decrease in dry weight of stems, leaves and roots were 55, 68.6, and 67.2%, respectively, at the interaction (110 Cd and 550 Pb) mg kg-1 dry soil compared with control, and Cd concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (0.375-372.167), (0.417-128.167) and (0.583-162.083) mg kg-1, respectively and Pb concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (9.583-62.375), (10.042-20.417) and (2.875-73.500) mg kg-1. It was found that values ​​of translocation factor (TF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and concentration index (CI) for Cd ranged between (0.611-4.239), (1.333-28.790), (0.383- 16.840) and (1-490.812) respectively, and values ​​of TF, BAC, BCF, and CI of Pb ranged between (0.275-5.702), (0.769-4.246), (0.295-7.539) and (1-3.833) respectively, and tolerance index (TI) values ​​ranged between (0.370-1). We concluded that Eucalyptus seedlings are suitable for phytoextraction applications within phytoremediation processes of soils contaminated with Cd and Pb.

scholarly journals Room-temperature multiple ligands-tailored SnO2 quantum dots endow in situ dual-interface binding for upscaling efficient perovskite photovoltaics with high VOC

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Ren ◽  
Kuan Liu ◽  
Hanlin Hu ◽  
Xuyun Guo ◽  
Yajun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Interface Control ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Multiple Ligands ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Dual Interface

AbstractThe benchmark tin oxide (SnO2) electron transporting layers (ETLs) have enabled remarkable progress in planar perovskite solar cell (PSCs). However, the energy loss is still a challenge due to the lack of “hidden interface” control. We report a novel ligand-tailored ultrafine SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) via a facile rapid room temperature synthesis. Importantly, the ligand-tailored SnO2 QDs ETL with multi-functional terminal groups in situ refines the buried interfaces with both the perovskite and transparent electrode via enhanced interface binding and perovskite passivation. These novel ETLs induce synergistic effects of physical and chemical interfacial modulation and preferred perovskite crystallization-directing, delivering reduced interface defects, suppressed non-radiative recombination and elongated charge carrier lifetime. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02% (0.04 cm2) and 21.6% (0.98 cm2, VOC loss: 0.336 V) have been achieved for the blade-coated PSCs (1.54 eV Eg) with our new ETLs, representing a record for SnO2 based blade-coated PSCs. Moreover, a substantially enhanced PCE (VOC) from 20.4% (1.15 V) to 22.8% (1.24 V, 90 mV higher VOC, 0.04 cm2 device) in the blade-coated 1.61 eV PSCs system, via replacing the benchmark commercial colloidal SnO2 with our new ETLs.

scholarly journals TRACE ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN HEIRLOOM PADDY PANDASAN CULTIVATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF DRY AND WET SOIL

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN ◽  
Nurain Nabihah ROSLAN ◽  
Amirah Syuhada MOHD AZMAN ◽  
Fazilah MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Flooded Field

Trace elements phytoavailability depends on the physical and chemical propertiesof soil. At the Crocker range of West Coast Sabah, Malaysia, the Pandasan paddyvariety can be cultivated as flooded rice paddies or upland rice on acidic soil.Pandasan paddy samples were collected in Kiulu subdistrict from traditionalfarmer at two different locations. Available sources of trace elements were fromweathering, fertilizers and pesticides. Soil and plant samples were collected aftertwo months of seed sowing and during harvest season which was five months oldfor heavy metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emissionspectrometry (ICP-OES). Translocation factor of arsenic from root to grainindicated this trace element was very mobile in Pandasan paddy cultivated at drysoil compared to wet soil followed by zinc. Although, cadmium was not detected inpaddy cultivated at flooded field for both, soil and plant, cadmium was detected insoil and plant roots cultivated in dry condition. Enrichment factor results suggestedthat Pandasan plant cultivated on dry soil was only a good bioindicator for leadand zinc. Pandasan grain was rich with iron followed by zinc. Selected heavymetals accumulation in Pandasan grain cultivated in flooded field did not exceededthe permissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. However arsenic andplumbum concentration in Pandasan grain harvested from dry soil exceeded thepermissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. Health risk of heavy metalstoxicity can be reduced if Pandasan paddy is cultivated in flooded field comparedto dry soil.

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