scholarly journals Promoting Ethics and Integrity in Sport: the Romanian Experience in Whistleblowing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilica GRIGORE ◽  
Monica STANESCU ◽  
Marius STOICESCU
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Level ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
The Way

The issue of ethics and integrity in sport is a particularly recent one, as a result of the growing number of approaches from the perspective of collaboration between people who identify violations of the rules of organization or of the way in which sports activities are conducted, and the institutions empowered to prevent such phenomena. If at international level a series of coherent and consistent measures have been agreed to prevent and sanction such violations in sport, at national level there are still many stages to undergo and measures to be implemented.Romania is one of the first European countries to adopt legislation on the protection of whistleblowers in public institutions (2004). However, given the defamatory influence from the communist era, the enforcement of the law has not produced results at the expected level, so few are now reporting corruption situations or irregularities within different organizations.Starting from the general aspects of whistleblowing, the paper aims to analyze this phenomenon in the Romanian sport, which has some mechanisms for defending ethics and integrity. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the international provisions on whistleblowing and highlights the gap between these provisions and the legislation specific to sport in Romania, as well as the action guidelines that can be pursued in order to bring the Romanian sport in line with the legislative frame and good practices (legal and educational) at European and global level.The paper reflects some concerns of the UNEFS specialists regarding the issue in question, as well as the creation and implementation of some measures and programs which would lead to clean practices in sport.

On the Evidence of U.S. Treaty Law

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Salo Engel
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
General Interest ◽  
International Level ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

According to Article 24 of its Statute, the International Law Commission “shall consider ways and means for making the evidence of customary international law more readily available”. The existence of such law is indeed difficult to prove even at the national level; how much more so in the international sphere. This, however, should not mislead one to think that there are no problems with regard to treaty law. On the international level it may not be too difficult to determine whether a treaty exists on a particular question, but information about the exact status of the treaty (its entry into force, the parties thereto, the amendments thereof, etc.) in most cases is not easily available. Wherefore, I proposed many years ago the creation of an International Legislation Register which would contain up-to-date information at least about the status of multi-partite treaties of general interest.

scholarly journals Trademark Protection, Absolute and Relative Grounds for Refusal of Trademark

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Safet Emruli ◽  
Agim Nuhiu ◽  
Besa Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Registered Trademark ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Office ◽  
Trademark Protection ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

A trademark is a sign that individualizes the goods of a given enterprise and distinguishes them from the goods of its competitors. Trademark may consist letters, words, slogans, symbols, numerals, pictures, name, logo, even sounds and smell. They are based on registration. One registered trademark gives to his owner the right to exclude others from using an identical or similar mark to identify its goods or service on market. Trademark owners should apply for registration by filling an application in national level, in their national office for protecting trademark rights which trademark will be protected only in that current country and in international level by filling one application where his trademark will be protected in many country depending in which country he has mark the protection. The law does not recognize every possible mark or symbol as a valid trademark, there are some criteria that one sign or mark have to satisfy to gain the trademark protection. Any sing which is not able to distinguish the goods and services can not be registered, and this is one of the reasons for rejection of registration. Sign or mark must be a “trademark”, must not fail on the absolute and relative grounds. Sign can be refusal for absolute ground if is not able to distinguish the goods and services. Unprotected mark will be consider also mark in conflicts with a prior right in another trademark or other distinctive sign will also be refusal, in this case for relative ground. Accordantly to this, the owner, during creating his mark should be original, natural, creative etc.

scholarly journals A Good Practice (based on ELINET criteria) of Non-formal Education Involving a Library to Improve Literacy Skills (on the example of Hungarian project)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (27) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Ildikó Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
European Countries ◽  
John Von Neumann ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Practice Framework

Started in February 2014, ELINET project run for 2 years including 28 European countries. It aimed to analyse and consult on literacy policies at a local, regional, national, and trans-national level, raising awareness of literacy issues and coordinating campaigns. Ultimately, the fruit of this network was to include a European framework of good practice in raising literacy levels and a sample of corresponding examples. The paper is to present the way good practices were collected and reviewed; and introduces a good practice (run by John von Neumann University Pedagogical Faculty, “Reading belongs to everyone, even to you!”) based on the ELINET good practice framework.

scholarly journals LATYNIZMY W TEKSTACH PRAWNYCH I PRAWNICZYCH – UJĘCIE KONTRASTYWNE POLSKO-NIEMIECKIE

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Joanna WOŹNIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

Terms and Phrases of Latin origin have been incorporated into the contempo-rary Continental and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. Latin borrowings are a sign of the common cultural and social origin of European countries. Most of the bor-rowings have been adapted on the phonetic, morphological and grammatical level. Others, like Latin proverbs, terms and phrases retained their original pronunciation and orthography.The main goal of this article is to discuss the essence of Latinisms, in particular their place in the contemporary linguistics and their function in legal texts. In the second part the article presents the results of the analysis of the Latin struc-tures, used in Polish and German legal texts, available in the Eur-lex databases. The research is aimed not only at comparing the occurrence of Latin terms, phrases or proverbs in legal documents, but also at showing the way of their introducing to the text and discussing the consequences of their usage for the understanding of the law.

scholarly journals Higher Education Timescapes: Temporal Understandings of Students and Learning

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852199697
Author(s):  
Rachel Brooks ◽  
Jessie Abrahams ◽  
Achala Gupta ◽  
Sazana Jayadeva ◽  
Predrag Lažetić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Higher Education Area ◽  
European Higher Education ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Level

This article draws on data from six European countries (Denmark, England, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain) to explore the higher education timescapes inhabited by students. Despite arguments that degree-level study has become increasingly similar across Europe – because of global pressures and also specific initiatives such as the Bologna Process and the creation of a European Higher Education Area – it shows how such timescapes differed in important ways, largely by nation. These differences are then explained in terms of: the distinctive traditions of higher education still evident across the continent; the particular mechanisms through which degrees are funded; and the nature of recent national-level policy activity. The analysis thus speaks to debates about Europeanisation, as well as how we theorise the relationship between time and place.

General and special property in goods

Legal Studies ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Nicholas Curwen
Keyword(s):  
Special Property ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

The law of goods remains in a relatively undeveloped state, retaining both a vocabulary and doctrines which derive from the late Year Book period. That vocabulary is expressed in terms of general and special property in goods. The ‘property’ in goods was always regarded as indivisible because there could be no estate in goods. That doctrine survives in the modern rule that ownership of goods is indivisible. The difficulty of reconciling the old language with modern usage is conventionally overcome by assuming that the old terms simply correspond with ownership and possession. It will be argued in this paper that no such correspondence exists because general and special property always represent an aspect of ownership. In order to demonstrate this assertion it is necessary to depart from orthodox doctrine and insist that ownership is severable. This will be illustrated by the way in which proprietary interests behave upon the creation of a pledge and a hiring of goods.

scholarly journals Population Registers as the Core of the System Registers in Northern European Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
M. V. PUHACHOVA ◽  
O. M. GLADUN
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
General System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Central Population ◽  
The Creation ◽  
General Aspects

Electronic registry systems, established in many European countries, have long proven their eff ectiveness in various areas of the functioning of the state and separate fi rms and in improving the interaction of the population with government and private organizations. Population registers have a special place in the systems of registers. Th ey provide comprehensive and complete personal information, while saving time and eff ort in solving urgent problems, requests and requirements related to health, education, property, employment, pensions, social assistance, etc. Population registers have also proven their eff ectiveness in recent rounds of population and housing censuses. Northern European countries are pioneers in the creation and use of population register systems. Th e relevance of the article for Ukraine is due to: the active development of various registers, which, however, interact poorly with each other and do not constitute a holistic system; the need to take into account the experience of advanced countries in creating a full-fl edged system of registers. Th e purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of northern European countries in the creation and operation of register systems and to determine the role of the central population register as one of the basic registers. Th e novelty of the article lies in a generalized and comparative analysis of the register systems of the Nordic countries, a study of the role of the central population register and other basic and specialized registers as providers of information about the population. Research methods: systems analysis, scientifi c generalization, comparative analysis, methods of research of complex systems. Th e article investigates the general aspects of the creation and use of population registers in Northern Europe. A characteristic feature of northern European countries, in contrast to Ukraine, is the systematic in creation of separate registers, when a certain administrative register immediately determines the place in the general system and the relationship with other, primarily basic, registers. Th e example of two of the most advanced countries in this issue - Denmark and Norway — analyzes the measures to create systems of personal identifi cation numbers and the practice of using these numbers in registry systems. Examples of subsystems of health and education registers, as well as some other registers containing personalized information, are given. Based on the experience of northern European countries, proposals are formulated to create a real functioning system of registers in Ukraine.

The Organization of the Impossible

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad von Moltke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Level ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
International Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
World Environment ◽  
Nations Environment ◽  
Environment Programme

Proposals for the creation of a World Environment Organization (WEO) are considered in light of the wide range of arrangements for environmental management at the national level. Organizational difficulties are compounded at the international level, suggesting that a WEO is neither possible nor desirable. Proposals to improve international environmental management must consider not only the weaknesses of current arrangements but also the sources of their effectiveness. Carefully designed steps to strengthen the institutions of international environmental management are desirable. Organizational proposals, other than strengthening the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), are a diversion from the pressing international environmental agenda.

'Sequuntur Dogmatica De Iure Praedae' Law and Theology in Grotius's use of Sources in De Iure Praedae

Grotiana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-309
Author(s):  
Franco Todescan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ius Gentium ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis contribution aims at reconstructing the system of legal sources as it can be recognised in all its clarity in the De iure praedae. After pointing out that Grotius applied in this work the mathematical method, it is observed that the law has a clear voluntaristic character: 'voluntas universorum ad universos directa lex dicitur'. Even the 'first notion', quoted in Regula I, that is the lex aeterna, has this specific character: 'Quod Deus se velle significarit, id ius est'. Interesting is also the way in which the issue of the ius naturae is developed. Actually, natural law is consistent with Regula I precisely because it is bound to God as a manifestation of his will: 'Dei voluntas non oraculis tantum et extraordinariis significationibus, sed vel maxime ex creantis intentione apparet'. Thus, the creation of the ius gentium primarium and ius gentium secundarium follows the same pattern: it is always a voluntas that splits into a cascade like a 'baroque fountain'. At the end of the same argument we find finally the ius civile: 'Quidquid respublica se velle significavit', as Regula V states. In conclusion, the system of legal sources in De iure praedae is based on premises that differ in many respects from the legal sources of De iure belli ac pacis.

Attention Sustainability Impact on Social Status in the Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Stanislava Varadinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Early School ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
Positive Environment

The attention sustainability and its impact of social status in the class are current issues concerning the field of education are the reasons for delay in assimilating the learning material and early school dropout. Behind both of those problems stand psychological causes such as low attention sustainability, poor communication skills and lack of positive environment. The presented article aims to prove that sustainability of attention directly influences the social status of students in the class, and hence their overall development and the way they feel in the group. Making efforts to increase students’ attention sustainability could lead to an increase in the social status of the student and hence the creation of a favorable and positive environment for the overall development of the individual.

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