scholarly journals Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 17801-17814
Author(s):  
Marie-Rose Kambabazi ◽  
◽  
MW Okoth ◽  
S Ngala ◽  
L Njue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Red Kidney Beans

No data exist on the nutrient composition of some important Rwandan staples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot roots. About 6 kg of each raw material were cleaned and conditioned prior to mechanical drying, ground and sieved [60-mesh] into flour and then subjected to quantitative analysis for proximate content,energy, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), vitamin A and vitamin C. Proximate composition determination was done using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), carbohydrates were determined by difference, energy was calculated, mineral analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and vitamin analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. The results showed that red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrots contain 21.48, 6.66, 29.46 and 13.8% of protein; 2.58, 1.68, 7.89 and 2.08% of fat; 60.86, 79.13, 19.29 and 57.38% of carbohydrate; 2.33, 2.68, 8.98 and 9.63% of fiber; 8.82, 8.74, 10.08 and 8.88% of moisture content; 3.94, 1.11, 24.30 and 5.16% of ash; 357.2, 363.7, 284.0, 322.9 kcal/100g of energy; and 146.4, 182.7, 26,290 and 1,247mg/kg of calcium,respectively. Red kidney beans, amaranth leaves and carrots contained8.54, 30.48, and 15.55 mg/kg of zinc; and 21.36, 219.1and 8.81 mg/kg of iron,respectively. Zinc and iron were,however,not detected in sweet potato samples analysed. Red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot contained 768.0, 10,880, 399.4, and 6,413 IU/100g of vitamin A; and 2.67, 30.99, 330.3 and 6.76 mg/100g of vitamin C,respectively. In conclusion, the staples analysed contained appreciable amounts of nutrients and could be used to overcome malnutrition and allow dietary diversity. It could be recommended to prepare a Rwandanfood composition database in order to improve awareness on local grown crops’ quality.

scholarly journals Study on Functional Ingredients and Claims of Ready to Drink (RTD) Fruit Juice in Modern Retail

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Hendry Noer Fadlillah ◽  
Tina Nurkhoeriyati ◽  
Lira Felanesa ◽  
Andika Wahyu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Label Claim

Fruit juices are well known as healthy food.  Consumers consume fruit juices not only to get refreshment, but also to get health benefits. The aims of this research are to identify health-related claims in juices and functional ingredients used to meet the regulation on claim requirement. The research was conducted by collecting RTD (ready to drink) juice in modern retail. All of the information on the label is recorded, identified, and classified based on regulation document, then processed and analyzed statistically. The result show, 70% of product samples provide claims on the label.  Claim on vitamin C is the most favorite one. As much as 52% of claimed products contain vitamin C – related claim. After vitamin C, the next popular claims are regarding dietary fiber (11%) and vitamin A (10%).  Interestingly, 63% of claimed products provide more than one nutrient claims. They combine two or more nutrients content as the claim, such as vitamin C and vitamin A, fiber and vitamin C, etc. There is 20% of RTD fruit juice enriched or fortified by functional ingredients, mostly in vitamin premix.  It means, claims are not only given by addition of functional ingredients from the outside.  RTD juice industries are still able to provide the claim, without fortification or enrichment, if they can maintain the nutrient content of raw material to meet requirement of regulation on claim.

Focusing near Infrared Spectroscopy on the Business Objectives of Modern Pharmaceutical Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A13-A19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Axon ◽  
R. Brown ◽  
S.V. Hammond ◽  
S.J. Maris ◽  
F. Ting
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The early use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry was for raw material identification, later moving on to some conventional “calibrations” for various ingredients in a variety of sample types. The approach throughout this development process has always been “conventional” with one measurement by NIR directly replacing some other slower method, be it Mid-IR identification, or determinations by Karl Fischer, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)etc. A significant change in approach was demonstrated by Plugge and Van der Vlies1 in 1993, where a qualitative system was used to provide “quantitative like” answers for potency of a drug substance. Following on from that key paper, there has been a realisation that the qualitative analysis ability of NIR, has the potential to be a powerful tool for process investigation, control and validation. The final step has been to develop “model free” approaches, that consider individual data sets as unique systems, and present the opportunity for NIR to escape the shackles of “calibration” in one form or another. The use of qualitative, or model free, approaches to NIR spectroscopy provides an effective tool for satisfying many of the demands of modern pharmaceutical production. “Straight through production,” “right first time,” “short cycle time” and “total quality management” philosophies can be realised. Eventually the prospect of parametric release may be materialised with a strong contribution from NIR spectroscopy. This paper will illustrate the above points with some real life examles.

scholarly journals Chemical Formulation and Characterization of Complementary Foods from Blend of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, Brown Teff, and Dark Red Kidney Beans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tesfay Araro ◽  
Feyera Gemechu ◽  
Aselefech Wotango ◽  
Tarekegn Esho
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Red Kidney Beans ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Consumption of nutritionally inadequate diets results in infant malnutrition. This study is aimed at formulating complementary foods from blend of orange-fleshed sweet potato, brown teff, and dark red kidney beans for infants aged 6–23 months. The Design-Expert 6.0.8 Software was used to formulate flour blends. Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient characterizations of flour blends were determined by using standard methods. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of raw flour blends were varied from 4.90–14.25%, 1.63–1.99%, 67.10–76.29%, and 339.07–343.63 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of extruded blends were varied from 3.65–12.41%, 0.16–0.31%, 72.66–83.96%, and 343.07–356.74 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of drum-dried blends were varied from 4.45–14.08%, 1.21–1.70%, 69.30–80.45%, and 347.20–356.57 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The products meet the recommended daily intake of protein (5.2–10.9 g), carbohydrate (≥65 g), energy (202–894 Kcal), and potassium (60–160 mg) for infants. However, the products are in short of meeting some of the recommendations given by international standards regarding daily intake of fats and minerals. Therefore, it requires some enhancement by including studied amount of butter and other micronutrient dense foodstuffs.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Selected Wild Leafy Vegetables Growing in the Roma Valley, Lesotho

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Emmanuel B. Tanor ◽  
T’sooana Ntlatlapa ◽  
Sibusisiwe Magama
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus

Objective: The study aimed at determining the nutrient content of nine selected wild leafy vegetables growing in Roma Valley of Lesotho as a means to achieve food security, improve nutritional and dietary diversity and address malnutrition in rural communities. Methodology: The vegetables were analysed for proximate composition, and Ca, Mg, Na, P, K, Fe, Mn, Se, Cu and Zn and vitamin C. Analyses were carried out using standard methods. Results: The proximate analysis revealed a high in moisture (81.15 - 92.23%) statistically similar (p<0.05), some were rich in protein, vitamin C, Cu, Mn, K and Fe. Chenopodium album has the highest protein (31.53±8.65 mg/100 g) fresh weight (FW); and Rorripa nudiscula (51.4% of RDA). Chenopodium album and Rorripa nudiscula were rich in Ca, 1598.21±15.25 mg/100 g FW and 1508.50±25.40 mg/100 g FW and in Mg, 505.14±35.55 mg/100 g FW and 525.18 mg/100 g FW respectively. The vegetables were rich in K, but low in Na, with Na-to-K ratio < 1.0, indicating that the vegetables could be ideal source of balanced sodium and potassium intake in diet. The vegetables were rich in Cu with ranging from 114.4% of RDA in Hypochaeris radicata to 342.2% of RDA in Chenopodium album. Fe was abundant in Rorripa nudiscula 251.7% of RDA and Chenopodium album 187.8% of the RDA. Mn was abundant in Amaranthus cruentus 557.8% of the RDA, in Chenopodium album or 245.7% of the RDA, in Rorripa nudiuscula, 205.5% of RDA, Amaranthus thunbergii (130.9% of RDA), moderate amounts in Amaranthus caudatus (1.94±0.36 mg/100 g FW or 84.4%) and Amaranthus spinosus (83.5% of RDA). The content of Se was moderate: Rorripa nudiscula (38.3% of RDA). Amaranthus thunbergii (20.50±0.27 µg/100 g FW, 37.3% of RDA), Amaranthus spinosus (34.0% of RDA) and Lactuta serriola (20.7% of RDA). Zn was high in Chenopodium album (117.3% of RDA) moderate in Rorripa nudiscula (35.6% of RDA) Lactuta serriola (23.9% of RDA), Amaranthus spinosus (19.6% of RDA), Amaranthus caudatus (15.9% of RDA). Most of the nutrient were statistically similar at p<0.5. Conclusion: The nutrient composition indicated that the vegetables could be good source of minerals and vitamin C and could be incorporated in rural household diets to improve nutrition, address malnutrition and food insecurity.

NIRS determination of carbohydrates from hydrothermal-treated rice straw

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA MORAL ◽  
MARIA DOLORES HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ANTONIO TIJERO ◽  
ZOILO GONZÁLEZ ◽  
JUAN GARCÍA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Additional Advantage

Increasingly stringent environmental standards and the need for sustainable development are forcing pulp and paper mills to study methods to maximize the use of process wastes. Several studies have shown that “hydrothermal process” wastes might serve as raw material to obtain monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) traditionally has been used to study these carbohydrates. However, HPLC has a series of disadvantages that could be avoided by use of other methods. This study evaluated the potential use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a substitute analysis method for HPLC, using rice straw as raw material. The results showed that NIRS analysis can be used as a prediction method for monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. This method has the additional advantage of being a fast, nondestructive technique that does not require pretreatment of samples, and therefore, decreases the costs and the environmental impact of the analyses process.

scholarly journals Traditional food diversity predicts dietary quality for the Awajún in the Peruvian Amazon

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Roche ◽  
HM Creed-Kanashiro ◽  
I Tuesta ◽  
HV Kuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Food System ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractObjectiveOur goal was to assess the potential for evaluating strengths of the Awajún traditional food system using dietary assessment, a traditional food diversity score and ranking of local foods.DesignThe method was used for dietary data obtained from mothers and children in the Awajún culture of the Peruvian Amazon where >90% of the dietary energy is derived from local, traditional food. Traditional food diversity scores were calculated from repeat 24-hour recalls. Group mean intakes of energy, fat, protein, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C from each food item were used to rank foods by nutrient contribution.SettingThe study took place in six remote communities along the lower Cenepa River in the Amazonas District of Peru, South America.SubjectsDietary data were collected from 49 Awajún mothers and 34 children aged 3–6 years, representative of the six communities.ResultsHigher traditional food diversity was associated with greater protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intakes when controlling for energy (partial correlations = 0.37 to 0.64). Unique sources for iron, total vitamin A and vitamin C were found in the Awajún traditional food system.ConclusionsA traditional food diversity score was a useful tool for predicting nutrient adequacy for the Awajún. Promotion of the Awajún traditional food system should focus on dietary diversity and unique nutrient-dense local foods.

Ensuring the Supply of and Creating Demand for a Biofortified Crop with a Visible Trait: Lessons Learned from the Introduction of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato in Drought-Prone Areas of Mozambique

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S258-S270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Low ◽  
Mary Arimond ◽  
Nadia Osman ◽  
Benedito Cunguara ◽  
Filipe Zano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato ◽  
Biofortified Crop

Background Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising biofortified crop for sub-Saharan Africa because it has high levels of provitamin A carotenoids, the formed vitamin A is bioavailable, and white-fleshed sweet potato is already widely grown. Objectives To examine whether farmers will adopt varieties with a distinct visible trait, young children will eat OFSP in sufficient quantities to improve vitamin A intake, OFSP can serve as an entry point for promoting a more diversified diet, and lessons can be drawn to assure sustained adoption. Methods The 2-year quasi-experimental intervention study followed households and children ( n = 741; mean age, 13 months at baseline) through two agricultural cycles in drought prone-areas of Mozambique. Results OFSP is acceptable to farmers when introduced by using an integrated approach. In the second year, intervention children ( n = 498) were more likely than control children ( n = 243) to have consumed OFSP (54% vs. 4%), dark-green leaves (60% vs. 46%), or ripe papaya (65% vs. 42%) on 3 or more days in the previous week ( p < .001 for all comparisons). Their vitamin A intakes were nearly eight times higher than those of control children (median, 426 vs. 56 μg RAE [retinol activity equivalents], p < .001). Diet diversification was limited by difficult agroecological conditions and low purchasing power. However, dietary diversity was higher among intervention than control children (32% vs. 9% consuming food from more than four groups; p < .001). Conclusions An integrated OFSP-based approach had a positive impact on the vitamin A intake of young children. A market development component and improved vine multiplication systems are recommended to assure sustained adoption.

scholarly journals Dynamical changes of basic chemical indicators and significant lipophilic vitamins in caprine colostrum

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S15-S19
Author(s):  
Lucia Hodulová ◽  
Lenka Vorlová ◽  
Romana Kostrhounová
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Chemical Indicators

Colostrum is currently used as a food supplement. It has been sought after by an increasing number of consumers for its unique composition. Its use is supported by EU legislation that defines colostrum as an animal product for human consumption. Therefore, information on its chemical properties and the content of lipophilic vitamins are important when evaluating colostrum quality and safety. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamic changes of basic chemical properties (protein, fat, lactose, and dry matter) and the content of selected lipophilic vitamins (vitamin A and vitamin E) in white short-haired goat’s colostrum. Attention was paid to the first milk from the first hour to the sixth day after parturition as the initial milk composition changes rapidly during this period. Protein, fat, and lactose concentrations were measured by near infrared spectroscopy, vitamins were analysed simultaneously by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with detection in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. The most significant changes in chemical indicators occurred during the first three days (P ≤ 0.01) post partum. The highest decrease was observed in protein concentrations. It was × 2 lower than in the first hour post partum. The concentration of vitamin A rapidly decreased during 36 h. In the following hours, gradual changes were observed (P > 0.05). The analysed components in caprine colostrum were similar to mature milk after 132 h post partum.

scholarly journals Design and Nutrient Analysis of a Carotenoid-Rich Food Product to Address Vitamin A and Protein Deficiency

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Kristina Lewandowski ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Micala Hayes ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
Chad M. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Complete Protein ◽  
Β Carotene

Worldwide undernutrition affects over 820 million individuals and is the underlying cause of over 50% of all childhood deaths. Sweet potatoes have been promoted to address vitamin A (vitA) deficiency, with a single, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) providing enough vitA, as β-carotene, to meet daily needs. However, the bioavailability of β-carotene is dependent on the presence of dietary fat, which is not provided by OFSP, and it lacks some essential amino acids. Therefore, in an attempt to create a food product that meets daily vitA requirements with adequate bioavailability and complete protein, we designed and assessed a sweet potato, peanut paste, and legume product. The final food product formulation, developed through computer modeling, resulted in a 65/5/35 (w/w/w) formulation in a 250 g serving and ~330 kcal. We then confirmed the nutrient content of macronutrients, and essential amino acids, zinc, and iron contents. Total β-carotene was assessed by HPLC and was lower than predicted through computer modeling, likely due to losses through thermal processing and/or degradation from storage. The results of this project indicate that the three ingredients can be combined into a single 250 g food product to provide >300 kcal energy, complete protein, and micronutrients in a more bioavailable form.

scholarly journals KAJIAN POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI BERBAGAI LIMBAH TANAMAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Rukiah Lubis ◽  
Nur Hidayah ◽  
Nopriyeni Nopriyeni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Materials Used

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan antioksidan (antosianin, vitamin A, C, dan E) dari limbah kulit buah senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.), jantung pisang, jengkol. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan. Analisa antosianin dan vitamin A, C, dan E dilakukan di Balai Besar Industri Agro, Bogor. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari kulit buah senduduk, jantung pisang, dan jengkol. Analisis kandungan vitamin A dilakukan pada sampel mengunakan alat High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC). Penentuan  kadar  antosianin  dihitung menggunakan metode perbedaan pH. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan alami yang paling tinggi menurut analisis kandungan vitamin A, C, E dan antosianin dari ketiga limbah tanaman (buah senduduk, jantung pisang, kulit jengkol), terdapat pada kulit buah senduduk dan kulit jantung pisang yaitu kandungan vitamin C (111.33 mg/kg dan 263.33 mg/kg) dan kandungan antosianin (684.008 mg/100g dan 174.289 mg/100g). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah senduduk dan jantung pisang bisa dijadikan sebagai antioksidan alami yang baik berdasarkan hasil analisis kandungan vitamin A, C, E, dan kandungan antosianin.THE STUDY OF POTENTIAL NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS FROM PLANT WASTEThis study was aimed at analyzing the content of antioxidants (anthocyanins, vitamins A, C, and E) from the rind of sanduduk’s fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.), Blossom of the banana plant (Musa acuminata Colla), jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum) fruit. The research was conducted for six months. Analysis of anthocyanins and vitamins A, C, and E was performed at Balai Besar Industri Agro, Bogor. The materials used in this research consisted of sanduduk rind, banana blossom, and jengkol fruit. Vitamin A content analysis was performed on the samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The determination of anthocyanin levels was calculated using the pH difference method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the highest natural antioxidant activity according to the analysis of vitamin A, C, E and anthocyanin content from the three wastes, found in sanduduk rind and banana blossom which contain vitamin C ( 111.33 mg/kg and 263.33 mg/kg) and anthocyanin (684.008 mg/100g and 174.289 mg/100g). It can be concluded that sanduduk fruit and banana blossom can be used as a good natural antioxidant based on the results of analysis of vitamin A, C, E, and anthocyanin content.

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