Development of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Manufacture of Titanium Spherical Vessels

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
I.V. Lomakin ◽  
A.Yu. Ryazantsev ◽  
S.S. Yukhnevich ◽  
A.A. Shirokozhukhova
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Design Bureau ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

The most promising in the world practice are launch vehicles using titanium spherical vessels in a cryogenic medium at high pressure. The paper deals with an import-substituting technology, which provides a closed production cycle for the manufacture of titanium spherical vessels at the JSC “Chemical Automatics Design Bureau” and analyzes existing manufacturing technologies. We developed an innovative method of shaping and machining hemispheres from hard-to-deform advanced titanium alloys, providing maximum automation and productivity of the process. For hydraulic and cryogenic tests of submersible titanium vessels, bench equipment was developed and introduced into production. For simulating the facility operating conditions in order to reduce the cost and increase the safety of tests, liquid oxygen was replaced with liquid nitrogen and helium was replaced with high-pressure nitrogen. Within the study, we substantiated the area of ??effective use of the import-substituting technology and developed production facilities of a closed cycle for the production of titanium vessels with a capacity of 25 and 130 liters.

scholarly journals Avaliação de Desempenho do Processo de Manufatura do Café

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morais ◽  
R. Massa ◽  
E. Tavares ◽  
E. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Cost

Globalization and advanced manufacturing technologies have forced manufacturing firms to increase productivity while reducing costs. At the same time, customers are increasingly demanding better products considering tangi- ble (e.g., smell, color, taste) and intangible (e.g., mark, fair treading, and envi- ronmental responsability) attributes. Currently, Brazil consolidates a position as the largest producer and exporter of coffee, accounting for 30% of the inter- national coffee market. This paper presents a stochastic model for performance evaluation and planning of coffee manufacturing process aiming at reducing the cost and time of the production cycle. An industrial case study shows the practical usability of the proposed models and techniques.

Faults in Cast Components for High-Pressure, High-Temperature Service

1964 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rogers ◽  
R. C. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
The Cost

The operating conditions to which some castings are subjected are much more severe than they were a quarter of a century ago, and are likely to become more severe in the future. Castings which were acceptable in the past are often considered unsuitable for present-day working and great cost is involved in achieving cast components which can be used in modern equipment. These costs are often incurred in correcting the castings. By changing designs, production methods and inspection and testing techniques the cost of the castings should in the long run be reduced, and the challenge of future conditions will be met.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices for Voltage Stability Improvement with Economic Consideration Using Firefly Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. Rajasekaran ◽  
S. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Voltage Collapse ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bus System

Background: Increasing power demand forces the power systems to operate at their maximum operating conditions. This leads the power system into voltage instability and causes voltage collapse. To avoid this problem, FACTS devices have been used in power systems to increase system stability with much reduced economical ratings. To achieve this, the FACTS devices must be placed in exact location. This paper presents Firefly Algorithm (FA) based optimization method to locate these devices of exact rating and least cost in the transmission system. Methods: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the FACTS devices used in the proposed methodology to enhance the voltage stability of power systems. Considering two objectives of enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission system and minimizing the cost of the FACTS devices, the optimal ratings and cost were identified for the devices under consideration using Firefly algorithm as an optimization tool. Also, a model study had been done with four different cases such as normal case, line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) for IEEE 14,30,57 and 118 bus systems. Results: The optimal locations to install SVC and TCSC in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus systems were evaluated with minimal L-indices and cost using the proposed Firefly algorithm. From the results, it could be inferred that the cost of installing TCSC in IEEE bus system is slightly higher than SVC.For showing the superiority of Firefly algorithm, the results were compared with the already published research finding where this problem was solved using Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. It was revealed that the proposed firefly algorithm gives better optimum solution in minimizing the L-index values for IEEE 30 Bus system. Conclusion: The optimal placement, rating and cost of installation of TCSC and SVC in standard IEEE bus systems which enhanced the voltage stability were evaluated in this work. The need of the FACTS devices was also tested during the abnormal cases such as line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) with the proposed Firefly algorithm. Outputs reveal that the recognized placement of SVC and TCSC reduces the probability of voltage collapse and cost of the devices in the transmission lines. The capability of Firefly algorithm was also ensured by comparing its results with the results of other algorithms.

Thermo-structural analysis of cryogenic tanks with common bulkhead configuration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110247
Author(s):  
S Sumith ◽  
R Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Positive Margin ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Element Analysis

In launch vehicles, cryogenic propulsion stages store liquid oxygen (LOX) at 76 K and liquid hydrogen (LH2) at 20 K, generally in two separate insulated tanks connected through tubular truss components. Consequently, load transfer from the LH2 tank to the LOX tank is very much localized, resulting in a nonoptimal design. This article presents an alternative single tankage design using a common bulkhead (CBH) to enhance the payload capability, which enables maintaining LH2 temperature within a specified temperature when exposed to a temperature gradient. A sandwich insulator using aramid honeycomb embedded with polyimide foam keeps the LH2 temperature within 20 ± 1 K is proposed, based on transient heat transfer analysis for 1000 s. The foam-filled honeycomb core is treated as equivalent foam in the analysis as the thermal conductivity of the core and the foam is quite close. The efficacy of the insulator is established by an experiment to measure the back wall temperature when liquid nitrogen is loaded on the top skin of the panel, and the insulator maintains a temperature gradient of 123 K for 1000 s. A good agreement is obtained between the transient finite element analysis results with experimental data. An externally insulated LOX tank configuration with an optimum length of the skirt–cylinder where the temperature reaches 80 K is arrived at based on slosh, buckling, and thermal analyses. No thermal gradient is found across the thickness of the skirt, while the thermal gradient is observed along the length of the skirt as anticipated. An integrated thermo-structural analysis of the cryo-system is carried out considering temperature-dependent material properties. A positive margin for the skirt is obtained. A payload gain of 366 kg is estimated based on the present study for the new design option with a CBH and skirt as compared to the traditional tubular truss arrangements.

Efficient Solar Desalination System Using Humidification/Dehumidification Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M. Abdel Dayem
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Production ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
The Cost

An innovative solar desalination system is successfully designed, manufactured, and experimentally tested at Makkah, 21.4 degN. The system consists of 1.15 m2 flat-plate collector as a heat source and a desalination unit. The unit is about 400 l vertical cylindrical insulated tank. It includes storage, evaporator, and condenser of hot salt-water that is fed from the collector. The heated water in the collector is raised naturally to the unit bottom at which it is used as storage. A high pressure pump is used to inject the water vertically up through 1-mm three nozzles inside the unit. The hot salt-water is atomized inside the unit where the produced vapor is condensed on the inner surfaces of the unit outer walls to outside. The system was experimentally tested under different weather conditions. It is obtained that the system can produce about 9 l a day per quadratic meter of collector surface area. By that it can produce about 1.6 l/kWh of solar energy. Moreover, the water temperature has a great effect on the system performance although the scaling possibility is becoming significant. By that way the cost of a liter water production is relatively high and is obtained as 0.5 US$.

Agglomeration Technologies of Processing Powder Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Marian Peciar ◽  
Roman Fekete ◽  
Peter Peciar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
New Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Technologies

This article deals with the presentation of modern applications for processing powdered, primarily hazardous, waste to an agglomeration form appropriate for subsequent processing by classical methods, for example in the construction, automotive and consumer goods industries. The aim of the research work was to set appropriate operating conditions in order to appreciate currently non-processable wastes resulting from the intensive production of often extremely expensive materials. Technologies which enable returning powder waste back into the primary production cycle were developed and experimentally tested, thus saving raw material resources. When necessary for the fixing of fine airborne particles with a problematic compacting curve (hard to compress, repulsive due to the surface charge) extrusion processes using a patented technology enabling controlled modification of shear forces in the extrusion zone were successfully applied. A new type of axial extruder allows the elimination of the liquid phase and as a result prevents the clogging of the extrusion chamber. In the case of need for granulation of sensitive materials (for example pharmaceuticals not allowing the addition of any kind of agglomerating fluid or reacting strongly in the contact of the two phases), a process of compaction between rolls with different profiled surface was successfully applied. The developed high technologies and the resulting products thus represent a major contribution to environmental protection in the context of not only the work but also the communal environment.

INCREASING THE RESOURCE OF DIESEL CYLINDER HEADS BY IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR RESTORATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
G.D. Mezhetskiy ◽  
◽  
V.A. Strelnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Cylinder Block ◽  
Diesel Cylinder ◽  
Thermal Intensity

The article presents the results of studies of the thermal fatigue strength of diesel cylinder heads and their resource under operating conditions, by using the most advanced technology for their restoration. Based on the results of theoretical calculations of durability and operational studies, a restoration technology has been proposed, which makes it possible to increase the resource of cylinder heads by 2 ÷ 2.5 times. For this purpose, the non-uniformity of the temperature field on the firing bottom of the cylinder heads of YaMZ-238NB diesel engines was theoretically determined and experimentally confirmed. On the basis of theoretical calculations, the most heatstressed sections of the plane of the cylinder heads of diesel engines bonded to the cylinder block were determined, and the appearance of cracks in them. When developing a method for calculating the temperature fields of the fire bottom, the universal finite element method (FEM) was used. This method makes it possible to take into account the geometry and conditions of thermal loading of the cylinder heads quite accurately. For the determination of temperature fields, a well-founded assignment of the boundary conditions is crucial. With this in mind, a number of surfaces were determined that characterize the durability of the entire part during operation. As a result of calculations carried out on a computer, temperature fields have been obtained that make it possible to analyze the distribution of temperatures and temperature gradients at any point of the fire bottom. The highest temperatures (620...635K) are localized in the central part of the fire bottom, which is two times higher in thermal intensity than the peripheral one and confirms the appearance of cracks in these places during the operation of diesel cylinder heads.

Validation of MISES Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Code for High-Pressure Turbine Aerodynamic Design

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Andrew ◽  
Harika S. Kahveci
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Reduce Operating Cost ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Boundary

Avoiding aerodynamic separation and excessive shock losses in gas turbine turbomachinery components can reduce fuel usage and thus reduce operating cost. In order to achieve this, blading designs should be made robust to a wide range of operating conditions. Consequently, a design tool is needed—one that can be executed quickly for each of many operating conditions and on each of several design sections, which will accurately capture loss, turning, and loading. This paper presents the validation of a boundary layer code, MISES, versus experimental data from a 2D linear cascade approximating the performance of a moderately loaded mid-pitch section from a modern aircraft high-pressure turbine. The validation versus measured loading, turning, and total pressure loss is presented for a range of exit Mach numbers from ≈0.5 to 1.2 and across a range of incidence from −10 deg to +14.5 deg relative to design incidence.

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