Optimising the Composition of Biofuel Blends with Vegetable Oil Additives

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-131
Author(s):  
V.A. Markov ◽  
N.D. Chainov ◽  
V.V. Neverova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Petroleum Fuel ◽  
Oil Additives

The paper deals with a topical issue of using biofuels in internal combustion engines. Promising biofuels may be derived from vegetable oils. In agriculture, using blends of petroleum fuel and a moderate amount of vegetable oil is economically feasible. We consider rapeseed oil and sunflower oil as these possible additives. We list physical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and blends of vegetable oils and diesel fuel. We analysed the experimental investigation results concerning the D-245.12S diesel engine running on petroleum fuel and its blends with vegetable oil additives specified above. We demonstrate that it is possible to improve environmental performance of a diesel by using these biofuel blends. We present a method for optimising the composition of petroleum fuel blends with vegetable oil additives that is based on determining a generalised optimality criterion as a sum of partial optimality criteria characterising regulated toxic component content in diesel exhaust gas emissions. We used the method presented to perform optimisation calculations and determine the optimum composition for biofuel blends with vegetable oil additives. We developed a method for estimating environmental safety of diesel power plants that takes into account the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel exhaust gases. We show that knowing benzo[a]pyrene emission levels of a diesel running on a specific type of fuel is enough to estimate the degree of environmental threat of its exhaust gases

Mixture of Oil and Diesel as Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Martin Pexa ◽  
Jakub Mařík ◽  
Jakub Čedík ◽  
Zdeněk Aleš ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Reduce Emissions

This paper deals with the use of vegetable oils as fuels for internal combustion engines. The use of pure vegetable oils is usually not possible due to its properties, especially for higher density and viscosity. If vegetable oil is used as 100% fuel, then it cannot do without adjustment of the engine. Without adjustments of the combustion engine the fuel can burn blended with vegetable oil so it does not significantly exceeded the requirements of the internal combustion engine to its properties. Application of admixtures of rapeseed oil and oil from Jatropha Curcas in ratio 5.5 and 19.7% provides minimal to almost no effect on the performance parameters of the internal combustion engine, but positively translates to reduce emissions (particularly smoke and carbon monoxide).

scholarly journals Environmental Performance of Diesel Engines Running on Motor Fuel With Microalgae Bio-additives

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
S.A. Nagornov ◽  
◽  
A.N. Zazulya ◽  
Yu.V. Meshcheryakov ◽  
I.G. Golubev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The prospects of using blended motor fuel with bioadditives from microalgae in diesel engines are shown. It has been proven that the composition of microalgae lipids is similar to that of vegetable oils. It was revealed that the density, viscosity and cetane number of the dietary supplements are higher and the sulfur content is lower in comparison with diesel fuel. It has been experimentally established that with an increase in the content of bioadditives in mixed motor fuel the smoke and toxicity of diesel exhaust gases decrease.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ecological Safety of Power Plants with Diesel Engines

10.12737/3668 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Маркова ◽  
V. Markova ◽  
Девянин ◽  
S. Devyanin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Toxicological properties of diesel engines’ exhaust gases, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as diesel engines’ exhaust gases composition, toxicity assessment technique for exhaust gases of diesel engines working at different types of fuel have been presented. Advantages related to use in diesels a biological fuel made on basis of vegetable oils have been shown.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) REMOVAL SYSTEMS FROM EXHAUST GASES OF DIESEL ENGINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Т.Н. БЕГУНКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Hazardous Compounds ◽  
Harmful Effects

Проблема и цель. Дизельные двигатели отличаются высокой эффективностью, долговечностью и надежностью, а также низкими эксплуатационными расходами. Эти важные особенности делают их наиболее предпочтительными двигателями, особенно для транспортных средств большой грузоподъемности. Потребность в мобильных энергетических средствах с дизельными двигателями внутреннего сгорания в качестве энергетических установок в условиях сельскохозяйственного производства огромна. Целью анализа явилась потребность в разработке нового устройства для удаления опасных соединений из отработавших газов дизельных двигателей и обосновании его параметров. Методы и объекты исследования. Главным объектом исследования данной работы являются отработавшие газы, генерируемые энергетическими установками в виде дизельных двигателей внутреннего сгорания, поэлементный состав газов, их воздействие на человека, животных и окружающую среду. Рассмотрены методы снижения их вредоносного воздействия, нейтрализации опасных составляющих элементов или их преобразования до безопасных соединений, не угрожающих негативным воздействием на человека, животных и окружающую среду. Результаты. Поиск по теме проводился в отечественных и зарубежных источниках. Анализирован качественный и количественный состав отработавших газов дизельных двигателей, воздействие составляющих элементов газов на окружающую среду. Изучены нормативно-правовые акты, регламентирующие экологическую безопасность и природоохранную деятельность в Российской Федерации и Европейском Союзе. Дана их сравнительная характеристика, найдены общие точки взаимодействия. Исследованы основные методы борьбы с опасными соединениями в отработавших газах. Проведена сравнительная характеристика их эффективности. Рассмотрена возможность введения передовых разработок в эксплуатацию на используемых мобильных энергетических средствах с низкими показателями экологической эффективности. Описаны основные методики разработки научно-технических решений, позволяющих сократить экологический ущерб, наносимый отработавшими газами энергетических установок рабочему персоналу, сельскохозяйственным животным, растениям и окружающей среде. Заключение. В результате поставлена специализированная узконаправленная задача по разработке устройства, способного сократить вредное воздействие токсичных веществ, содержащихся в отработавшем газе дизельных двигателей. Diesel engines are characterized by high efficiency, durability and reliability, as well as low operating costs. These important features make them the most preferred engines, especially for heavy duty vehicles. The demand for mobile power units with diesel internal combustion engines as power plants in agricultural production is enormous. The purpose of the analysis was the need to develop a new device for removing hazardous compounds from the exhaust gases of diesel engines and to substantiate its parameters. Objects and research methods. The main object of this work is the exhaust gases generated by power plants in the form of diesel internal combustion engines. Their element composition, impact on humans, animals and the environment. Methods for reducing their harmful effects. Neutralization of hazardous constituent elements or their transformation to safe compounds that do not threaten negative effects on humans, animals and the environment. Analytical part. A search on the topic was carried out in domestic and foreign sources. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the exhaust gases of diesel engines, the impact of its constituent elements on the environment are analyzed. The regulatory legal acts regulating environmental safety and environmental protection activities in the Russian Federation and the European Union have been studied. Their comparative characteristics are given, common points of interaction are found. The main methods of dealing with hazardous compounds in exhaust gases have been investigated. A comparative characteristic of their effectiveness is carried out. The possibility of introducing advanced developments into operation on the used mobile power facilities with low indicators of environmental efficiency is considered. The main methods of development of scientific and technical solutions are described, allowing to reduce the environmental damage caused by the exhaust gases of power plants to working personnel, farm animals, plants and the environment. Conclusions. As a result, a specialized narrowly focused task was set to develop a device capable of reducing the harmful effects of toxic substances contained in the exhaust gas of diesel engines.

scholarly journals Measuring instruments for determining composition of exhaust gases of ship internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatoljevich Zhukov ◽  
Sergey Andreevich Sherban
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Marine Diesel

The article describes the problem of air pollution by engines of sea and river vessels. Compliance with environmental requirements established by state and international regulatory documents is a prerequisite for the safe operation of sea and river vessels. The composition of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines should be considered the main and most objective criterion for the environmental safety of marine power plants. The requirements for the exhaust gases composition and the procedure for determining regulated indicators are established by various regulatory documents which indicate only the principle the device operation. Most regulatory documents do not take into account the capabilities of modern devices and design features of ship power plants. In the process of analyzing exhaust gases, the composition of toxic substances and solid particles is determined by gas analyzers and smoke meters. The principles of operation of modern instruments are described, their capabilities and metrological characteristics are presented, and the prospects for using such instruments on sea and river vessels are evaluated. The problems that arise during the analysis of exhaust gases on small displacement vessels with wet exhaust gases are considered. There have been proposed the measures which will improve the quality of marine diesel emissions control and contribute to improving the technical operation of the fleet. The necessity of updating the instrumental base for monitoring toxicity and smoking of exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is indicated. The solution to the problem requires an integrated approach, taking into account the operating conditions of ships, capabilities of measuring equipment, design features of ship engines, requirements of regulatory documents and rules of classification societies.

scholarly journals Environmental effect of molecular degradation of internal combustion engine exhaust gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
В.В. Мурамович ◽  
В.Ю. Каминский ◽  
С.Н. Турусов
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Toxic Components

Рассматривается экологическая проблема очистки отработавших газов углеводородных энергетических установок от токсичных компонентов. Показан состав основных токсичных компонентов, приведены значения энергии связи их молекул. Представлены существующие методы улучшения экологических характеристик двигателей внутреннего сгорания: рециркуляция отработавших газов, снижение степени сжатия, уменьшение угла опережения впрыска, добавление присадок к топливу и др. Перечислены их достоинства и недостатки. Предлагается новый метод – использование электромагнитных полей для очистки отработавших газов от токсичных компонентов. Выполнен оценочный расчет его эффективности. Показано, что применение устройств модификации в топливной системе двигателей внутреннего сгорания, а также в системе выпуска отработавших газов позволяет существенно снизить выбросы в окружающую среду вредных веществ, и, при этом, не требует принципиальных изменений в конструкции двигателей. Рабочий ресурс предлагаемых устройств электромагнитной обработки обусловлен применяемыми для их изготовления материалами. The ecological problem of cleaning the exhaust gases of hydrocarbon power plants from toxic components is considered. The composition of the main toxic components is shown; the values of the binding energy of their molecules are given. The existing methods of improving the environmental characteristics of internal combustion engines are presented: exhaust gas recirculation, reduction of the compression ratio, reduction of the injection advance angle, addition of fuel additives, etc. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A new method is proposed – the use of electromagnetic fields for cleaning exhaust gases from toxic components. An estimated calculation of its effectiveness is performed. It is shown that the use of modification devices in the fuel system of internal combustion engines, as well as in the exhaust gas system, can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and, at the same time, does not require fundamental changes in the design of engines. The materials used for their manufacture determine the working life of the proposed electromagnetic processing devices.

Automatic Control and Regulation Systems for Heat and Power Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-123
Author(s):  
V.A. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Modern Control

The modern stringent requirements for fuel efficiency, exhaust gases toxicity and dynamic performance can only be met by equipping thermal power plants with modern control and regulation systems. Thermal power plants based on internal combustion engines have found the greatest application. They are used in different fields --- automobile and railway transport, agricultural, road-building and forestry machines, in ship-building, aviation, stationary power plants. The analysis of the main directions for further improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines and their automated control and regulation systems has been carried out. Among these directions are an expansion of functional capabilities in such systems, improvement of control and regulation processes quality and their use at adaptation of thermal power plants to work on alternative fuels. The important aspects for improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines are the necessity of studying the working processes of engines and their systems in order to decrease the exhaust gases toxicity. The relevance of these systems research is shown and the evaluation of the current level in their development is made. A characteristic feature of modern control and regulation systems of thermal power plants is their widespread construction on modern microprocessor element base The paper was based on the materials of the reports of the all-Russian scientific and technical conference n.a. Professor V.I. Krutov (27.01.2021)

EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASOLINE ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assad ◽  
V. V. Grushevski ◽  
O. G. Penyazkov ◽  
I. N. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Load Mode

The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gasoline combustion products emitted into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines (ICE) has been measured using the gas chromatography method. The concentrations of PAHs in the exhaust gases sampled behind a catalytic converter has been determined when the ICE operates in five modes: idle mode, high speed mode, load mode, ICE cold start mode (engine warm-up) and transient mode. Using 92 RON, 95 RON and 98 RON gasoline the effect of the octane number of gasoline on the PAHs content in the exhaust gases has been revealed. The concentration of the most carcinogenic component (benzo(α)pyrene) in the exhaust gases behind a catalytic converter significantly exceeds a reference value of benzo(α)pyrene in the atmospheric air established by the WHO and the EU for ICE in the load mode.

LOCATION OF OILSEED PRODUCTION IN TERMS OF VEGETABLE OIL EXPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu. V. RAGULINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
World Export ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oilseed Production

The article is devoted to the issues of placing seed production in the conditions of world export of vegetable oils. In 2019, the volume of Russian exports of sunflower oil exceeded 3 million tons for a total of $ 2,2 billion, which is about 30% of the vegetable oil produced in the country. In Russia, the main oilseeds are sunflower, rapeseed, and soy. Less common crops include oilseed flax, ginger, mustard, and safflower. It is stated that in 2001–2019, the acreage of all types of oilseeds in the country increased by more than 2 times, and the gross harvest – by 3,3 times, while the yield increased by 1,4 times.

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