scholarly journals Biochemical composition of tomato fruits of various colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-527
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
A. E. Solovieva ◽  
I. A. Khrapalova ◽  
A. M. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is an economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crop that is consumed both fresh and processed. The nutritional value of tomato fruits is related to the content of carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Currently, there is a growing interest in the qualitative and quantitative increase in the content of health-promoting compounds in tomato fruits. VIR Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. genetic resources collection includes 7678 accessions of one cultivated and nine wild species, which in turn provides ample opportunities for searching for information on the variability of the content of biologically active substances and searching for sources with a high content of them in the gene pool. Our work presents the results of the study of 70 accessions of cultivated and wild tomato on the main biochemical characteristics: the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, chlorophylls and anthocyanins. As the basis for the selection of accessions for the study, accessions with various colors of fruits, including new accessions with varying content of anthocyanin, were taken. As a result of this study, the amplitude of variability in the content of dry matter (3.72–8.88 and 9.62–11.33 %), sugars (1.50–5.65 and 2.20–2.70 %), ascorbic acid (12.40–35.56 and 23.62– 28.14 mg/100 g), titratable acidity (0.14–0.46 and 0.33–0.48 %), chlorophylls (0.14–5.11 and 2.95–4.57 mg/100 g), carotenoids (0.97–99.86 and 1.03–10.06 mg/100 g) and anthocyanins (3.00–588.86 and 84.31–152.71 mg/100 g) in the fruits of cultivated and wild tomatoes, respectively, was determined. We have determined correlations between the content of dry matter and monosaccharides (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), total sugars (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) and ascorbic acid (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05); the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). A high dependence of the content of chlorophyll a and b among themselves (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the content of chlorophyll b and anthocyanins (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), the content of β-carotene (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) and the content of monosaccharides (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05) has been noted. We have identif ied tomato accessions with a high content of individual chemical substances, as well as with a complex of traits that can be used as sources in breeding for a high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, pigments and anthocyanins.

scholarly journals The content of biologically active substances in the green biomass of perennial onions (Allium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Kukushkina ◽  
Tat'yana Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the green mass of 8 species of perennial onions (Allium L.) during flowering. Methods. The freshly collected raw materials – leaves and flower scapes in A. altaicum Pall., A. flavum L., A. nutans L., A. obliquum L., A. ramosum L., A. schoenoprasum L., A. senescens L. var. glaucum Regel and A. strictum Schrader were analyzed. We used the generally accepted methods of phytochemical analysis. The dry matter content was determined by drying 1 g of raw materials at 100–105 °C to constant weight. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances, total sugars, and carotenoids was determined spectrophotometrically. The amount of ascorbic acid was determined by the titrimetric method. All biochemical indicators, except for ascorbic acid, were calculated on the absolutely dry weight. Results. It has been established that the green mass of onions during flowering phase contains: dry matter – up to 28.3 %, flavonols – up to 1.8 %, tannins – up to 6.3 %, pectin substances – up to 14.7 %, total sugars – up to 42.9 %, ascorbic acid – up to 105.4 mg %, and carotenoids – up to 43.8 mg %. The content of catechins is 0.05–0.19 %. A. flavum and A. obliquum have the highest contents of main groups of biologically active substances, and the relatively low indicators are in A. ramosum and A. senescens var. glaucum. Scientific novelty. The quantitative content of catechins, tannins, pectin substances and carotenoids was studied in the onion species for the first time. The findings testify to the prospects of perennial onions as a source of various bioactive compounds.

THE SOURCES OF BLACK CURRANT AND RED CURRANT BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR THE SELECTION OF THE BERRIES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IMPROVING

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. А. Makarkina ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
High Level ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Biological Active Substances

The VNIISPK black and red currant collection was studied for the content of biological active substances in berries, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenol compounds (vitamin P). The results of the study for the period of 1990-2015 are given. 256 black currant varieties, elite and selective seedlings and 103 red currant varieties, elite and selected seedlings were studied. Genotypes with a high level of characters on study were allocated for use in target crossings for fruit chemical composition improvement. The varieties , elite and selected seedlings of VNIISPK breeding were picked out as recommended sources of those characters, including black currants Desertnaya Ogoltzovoy, Muravushka, Nadina, Orlovskaya Serenada and red currants Marmeladnitza, Niva, Podarok Pobediteliam and Ustina having high contents of ascorbic acid in berries; black currants Arapka, Yershistaya, Zusha, Nadina, Nura, Ekzotica and red currant Osipovskaya having a high level of anthocyanins; black currants Yershistaya, Zusha, Nadina, Orlovia and Yubiley Orla with a high content of catechols; black currants Gamma, Gratzia, Lentiay, Orlovsky Vals and red currants Asya, Podarok Pobediteliam and Selianochka with a high level of leucoanthocyanins; black currants Yershistaya, Yubiley Orla and red currants Asya, Podarok Pobediteliam and Selianochka with a high sum of P-active substances in berries.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of the biochemical composition of VIR eggplant collection in a greenhouse

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
I. V. Gashkova ◽  
A. E. Solovieva ◽  
A. B. Kurina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Egg Plant ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance. The presence of valuable biologically active substances, carbohydrates, organic acids and others in the eggplant fruits makes the culture one of the vegetables with the highest antioxidant activity. The VIR collection of eggplant includes 830 accessions from 70 countries of the world. The study of new acquisitions in the VIR collection presupposes a comprehensive assessment of the received material according to morphological, biological and economically valuable characteristics. The main objective of the study was to assess the variability of the biochemical parameters of egg-plant fruits in technical ripeness; as well as determination of the best accessions by the chemical composition of fruits and the content of biologically active substances.Materials and methods. The study of 19 accessions of eggplant accessions was carried out in 2020 in a winter greenhouse in Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR (St. Petersburg). The morphological description of the accessions and the assessment for biological and economically valuable traits were carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines and the VIR classifier. Biochemical analysis was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of VIR in the phase of technical ripeness of fruits in terms of: dry matter content, sugars, total acidity, ascorbic acid, pigments and anthocyanins.Results. As a result of this study, the amplitude of variability in the content of dry matter (6.44- 8.68%), sugars (1.78-3.72%), ascorbic acid (5.92-21.08 mg/100 g), titrated acidity (0.10-0.31%), chlorophylls (0.52-15.13 mg/100 g), carotenoids (1.19-6.99 mg/100 g), β-carotene (0.11-0.52 mg/100 g) and anthocyanins (12.94-1031.40 mg/100 g) in eggplant fruits. Accessions with a high content of biologically active substances in fruits in technical ripeness were identified: Russian hybrids Bourgeois F1, Azhur F1; local accessions from Armenia: k-3156, k-3159, k-3161.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF AN EXTRACTANT FOR ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM A HEDYSARUM NEGLECTUM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Dmitrieva ◽  
Dyshlyuk Lubov ◽  
Fotina Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Global technological progress is one of the main problems of ecosystem deterioration. The high concentration of industrial enterprises contributes to the development of the region's environmental crisis and the decline in public health. An increase in the environmental pollutant contributes to the activation of oxidative stress in the human body, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.), leading to a decrease in life expectancy and early aging of the body. To increase the adaptive abilities of the human body, it is important to use plant raw materials. A promising source of natural nutrients is the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. In order to obtain the extract of the forgotten kopek, the method of extraction was used at room temperature with a reverse refrigerator for 2 hours. In this study, to determine the working parameters of extraction (type of extractant, concentration of extractant), a selection of various extractive substances was selected. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined by two parameters: extractivity and yield of biologically active substances. The maximum extractivity was observed when using 50 % ethyl alcohol. To determine the working concentration of the water-ethanol mixture, the prepared extracts were analyzed for the content of flavonoids, tannins, and ascorbic acid. The maximum yield of biologically active substances (flavonoids 419.02±3.58 mg%, tannins 8.10±1.03 %, ascorbic acid 691.04±3.62 mg/kg) was observed during extraction with 50% water-ethanol mixture. The obtained results suggest that the water-ethanol extract of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. it is a potential source of natural biologically active substances for creating functional food products.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Zhorov ◽  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

scholarly journals Effect of holding period prior to storage on the chemical attributes of Starking Delicious apples during refrigerated storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Aynur Batkan ◽  
Akif Kundakçi ◽  
Bülent Ergönül
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chemical Attributes

In this research, the effects of three different holding periods (6, 12 and 24 hours) prior to storage on the quality attributes of Starking Delicious apples were investigated during storage of 8 months at 0.5 ± 1.0 ºC. Changes in weight loss, flesh firmness, pH values, soluble dry matter amount, titratable acidity values, ascorbic acid contents, and total and reducing sugar content were determined. According to the results, the holding period showed statistically significant changes in the quality attributes of the apples (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Flowers of Campanula species as a source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fomina ◽  
Tatiana Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

The content of the major groups of biologically active substances in flowers of 7 Campanula species, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, were investigated for the first time. Freshly collected flowers were found to contain 0.06-0.15 % of catechins, 0.31-3.17 % of flavonols, 3.31-6.47 % of tannins, 3.10-15.57 % of pectic substances, and 0.66-16.4 mg% of carotenoids calculated per absolute dre weight of raw material. The amount of ascorbic acid was 36.9-114.0 mg% per wet weight. The data indicate that Campanula flowers are promising for the production of phenolic compounds, the development of food additives and fresh consumptions a seasoning.

Some effects of gamma radiation on several varieties of Tasmanian potatoes. 2. Biochemical changes

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Wills
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugars

Tasmanian Up-to-date, Kennebec, Sebago, and Sequoia tubers were treated with low doses of gamma radiation to inhibit sprouting and were subsequently stored at 68�F or 45�F. Tubers were examined at bi-monthly intervals for some, or all, of the following biochemical constituents : dry matter, thiamin, reduced ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total ascorbic acid, soluble reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, and starch. Radiation, independent of dose level, led to lower dry matter contents in the Up-to-date, Kennebec, and Sequoia tubers after four months storage, and in the Sebago tubers after six months storage at 68�F, but not at 45�F, when compared to the controls. The thiamin content of Up-to-date tubers w-as not influenced by radiation (16,000 rads). Storage w-as a more important factor than radiation in altering the ascorbic acid content of tubers. Radiation maintained, or even increased the normal level. Radiation increased the soluble reducing sugar content of Sequoia tubers, the total sugar of Sequoia and Sebago tubers, and the sucrose content of the Sebago tubers, but had little effect on the starch content of these varieties. Storage influenced some of these constituents, particularly in the Sebago variety.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TRANSPIRATION ON THE ACCUMULATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN TOMATO FRUIT.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 591e-591
Author(s):  
Saneyuki Kawabata ◽  
Ryozo Sakiyama
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Fruit Surface

Previous studies suggest that transpiration from fruit surface drives the inflow of phloem sap into fruits. In those studies, the increment of the size of fruits was restricted mechanically to avoid the effects of changes in fruit size on the import of water. In this experiment, the influence of transpiration on the accumulation of carbohydrates was investigated in intact tomato fruits. Tomato fruits. 7 days after flowering, as attached to the plants were enclosed in the chamber of low humidity (LH) or high humidity (HH) and they were sampled 38 days after flowering. The enlargement of LH fruits was smaller than that of HH fruits. The accumulation of dry matter and total sugars on a fruit basis was lower in LH fruits than in HH fruits. There was no difference in the content of dry matter between LH and HH fruits. The concentration of total sugars of LH fruits was slightly lower than that of HH fruits. Lower accumulation of carbohydrates in LH fruits shows that transpiration flow of phloem sap is not the predominant factor that controls the inflow of photosynthetic assimilates in intact tomato fruit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document