Development of methods for purification of individual biological active substances obtained from extracts of Hedysarum neglectum

Hedysarum neglectum is a forage plant. Xanthone glycoside - mangiferin is extracted from this plant and used for medicine "Alpizarin". In addition to substances of xanthone nature (mangiferin and isomangiferin) Hedysarum neglectum contains sugars, vitamins and provitamins, tannins; in the underground part it contains oligomeric catechins, isoflavonoids, butylphenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, carbohydrates, vitamin C. For selecting optimal schemes of fractionization of substances, it is necessary to resort to multi-stage schemes of group-wide (preliminary) isolation and preparative accumulation. In particular cases, it is necessary to take into account the presence of concomitant substances, as well as the effectiveness and selectivity of the sorption-chromatographic technologies used. According to the results of the studies, the use of silica gel and sefadex LH-20 for the isolation of a complex of flavonoids and gallic acid is the most effective method for the selection of the optimal variant of the preparative isolation of the total amount of BAS in mcg/ml. The results of the research allowed us to identify the target biologically active substances with a degree of extraction of at least 80%: - fractions of xanthones, flavonoids, gallic acid.

THE METHOD OF OBTAINING CAROTENOID-CONTAINING DYE AND FOOD ADDITIVES

Introduction. The developed technology for obtaining natural dye is based on the physical process of formation of phase separation observed in the juice space of some vegetables and melons. The technological mode is selected in such a way as to preserve the biological active substances available in the cheese as much as possible. The process of phase separation in the juice space is scientifically justified. It is shown that the resulting natural dye, carrot flour, and transparent juice are applicable in the food industry. In order to widely apply the developed dye production technology, the juice phase separator plant was created. Spectroscopic studies have established that the main coloring pigment of carrot dye is β-carotene.

STUDY OF THE VITAMINS CONTAINED IN THE DAHLIA EVELINE PLANT BY TITRIMETRIC AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS

In this research work, we consider the biological active substances that make up the aboveground and underground parts of the plant Dahlia evelines. The role of biological active substances on the growing organism is more important, because They are involved in the regulation of metabolism, strengthening immunity and the function of the nervous system. The amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) contained in the Dahlia Eveline plant was determined by the titrimetric method, and the vitamin B group was determined by capillary electrophoresis on M-04-41-2005 “Drop-105” “Lumex”. The study revealed that vital vitamins are found in the fruits of the Dahlia Eveline plant, leaves, stems and flowers.

Development of Methods of Analysis of Biological Active Substances for Standardization of Dense Extract of Creeping Thyme

Pharmaceutical development of mucolytic agent with dense extract of creeping thyme and essential oil of thyme involves obtaining a dense thyme extract of creeping, that is, choosing of optimal conditions that will allow in a short time to obtain a dense extract enriched with the main biological active substances (BAS) - which is a resultant extract and finished drug. Since in the analysis of creeping thyme herb in order to standardize this raw material as a quality index, among others, we chose the composition of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids and the quantitative content of flavonoids, then it is appropriate to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of these bioactive substances and in the obtained extract. The aim of our work was to develop methods of analysis of BAS for the standardization of dense extract of creeping thyme; Identification and determination of the quantitative content of the analyzed biological active substances in herbal medicinal products and their respective extracts were carried out using modern sensitive and selective methods of analysis (thin-layer chromatography, differential spectrophotometry); As a result of TLC, the presence of fructose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose were found in the dense creeping thyme extract. According to the ratio of the size and intensity of staining on the chromatograms, it has been concluded that the predominant monosaccharide is fructose, and from the reducing monosaccharides - glucose, which will allow them to choose markers of the quality of the test extract. We also identified tyrosine, alanine, leucine, glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids at the levels of the respective zones on the chromatogram of the comparison solution. Chromatographic studies of a dense extract of creeping thyme by the thin-layer chromatography method have allowed identifying phenol carboxylic acids – rosmarinic (main representative), caffeic and chlorogenic; flavonoids – luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin, and rutin. Two acids were not identified, small quantities of which are found in the upper part of a chromatogram and of the unidentified structure of luteolin glucoside, which, by size and intensity of fluorescence, are not the main representative of flavonoids in the extract. Based on the literature, this representative of flavonoids may be Luteolin-7-O-di or triglycoside; Qualitative composition of a dense extract of creeping thyme herb in BAS groups – flavonoids, amino acids, polysaccharides has been studied. In order to standardize the extract, identification markers from phenolic compounds – luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, rutin, chlorogenic, rosmarinic, and caffeic acids, luteolin glycoside of unknown composition has been proposed. The quantitative content of flavonoids, amino acids, and reconstructive monosaccharides in the dense extract has been investigated. The correlation of content of the main BAS groups for dense extract indicates that the selected conditions for transferring the liquid extract to the dense are correct. When standardizing the dense extract of creeping thyme by the flavonoid content is proposed to be at least 2.5% in terms of apigenin.

Pathogenetic mechanisms of hirudotherapy and its use in otorhinolaryngology

Data from studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of saliva secretion of medical leeches, which is an important producer of unique biological active substances (BAS), is summarized. These substances have a wide range of therapeutic effects, providing a prodounced anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fibrinolytic, neurotropic, regenerative, energetic, immunomodulatory, anti-sclerotic effects. They regulate homeostasis, the circulatory system, lymph flow, all types of metabolic processes in the body and have no analogues in nature. We have presented the results of more than 20 years of effective experience in the use of hirudotherapy in otorhinolaryngology patients for medical, rehabilitation, and health purposes. Promising is the further study and application of hirudotherapy as a type of naturopathy and homeopathy in the 21st century of advanced technologies, significantly changing the conditions of the internal and external environment of the inhabitants of our planet.

Pathogenetic mechanisms of hirudotherapy and its use in otorhinolaryngology

Data from studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of saliva secretion of medical leeches, which is an important producer of unique biological active substances (BAS), is summarized. These substances have a wide range of therapeutic effects, providing a prodounced anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fibrinolytic, neurotropic, regenerative, energetic, immunomodulatory, anti-sclerotic effects. They regulate homeostasis, the circulatory system, lymph flow, all types of metabolic processes in the body and have no analogues in nature. We have presented the results of more than 20 years of effective experience in the use of hirudotherapy in otorhinolaryngology patients for medical, rehabilitation, and health purposes. Promising is the further study and application of hirudotherapy as a type of naturopathy and homeopathy in the 21st century of advanced technologies, significantly changing the conditions of the internal and external environment of the inhabitants of our planet.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS OF STUDYING AND USING MUSHROOMS OF AZERBAIJAN AS EFFECTIVE PRODUCERS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

In the carried out of the research, Xylotroph macromycetes have been researched as a perspective producer of bıologıcal actıve substances used for various purposes today in world practice which spread in Azerbaijan and some of their features (the biological activity of synthesized metabolites, toxicity, antimicrobial activity and dynamics of biomass formation ). It became clear that fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm, Schyzophyllum commune Fr and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd considered as a perspective producer of bıologıcal actıve substances is widely spread in the forests of Azerbaijan, and some of them are even dominant species of xylomicobiot inherent in the nature of Azerbaijan. As a result of studies with isolated strains of these fungi, it was shown that both in the culture solution (CS) and in the vegetative mycelia (VB), there are metabolites with biological activity. The result of research also became clear that antimicrobial activity of CS in all cases is higher than in water or alcohol extracts of dry biomass (1,1-1,2 times), although it defines the overall biological activity of VB extracts to the relationship of Paramecium caudatum gives a higher increase effect. In addition, the selected active strains do not lag behind the known strains in terms of the amount of biomass formed (up to 8.7 g/l in 7 days) and manifestations of forms of biological activity. This gives a serious basis to realize the production of biologically active substances for different (food, feed, medical and other) purposes on their basis.

QUALITY INVESTIGATION OF FROZEN GARDEN STRAWBERRIES AT PARTIAL DEHYDRATION BEFORE FREEZING

Garden strawberry is an important berry culture, consumed fresh and frozen. But a quality of frozen berries is not always at the high level because of changing organoleptic properties, tissues structure and biological active substances losses. It motivates searches for different methods of previous processing of berries before freezing. There was used a production technology of frozen strawberry with partial dehydration before freezing for solving the problem. Garden strawberries of varieties Rusanivka, Honey and Polka were dried on air before freezing (“control” variant), and another part was partially dehydrated in a drying chamber at temperature 40 °С during 30 min (“partial dehydration” variant) with further freezing to final temperature - 18 °С, with packing in packages of polyethylene film with a mass up to 500 g and storing in a refrigerator at temperature -18 °С during 6 months. There were studied main parameters of the chemical composition of fresh and frozen strawberries: content of dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid and sugar-acidic index. Organoleptic quality parameters of frozen strawberries were assessed by the 5-point scale. The experiment was repeated trice. It has been established, that frozen strawberries, partially dehydrated before freezing, saved by 0.2–0.3 % more dry soluble substances, by 0.2 % – sugars, by 7.0-7.9 % – ascorbic acid at a practically equal level of organic acids. The organoleptic mark of frozen partially dehydrated strawberries was by 0.2–0.3 points higher against the control. Among the studied varieties of strawberry, Polka berries got a mark higher by 0.2–0.9 points.