scholarly journals Restitution of local government in Poland in the 1990s. Social perception of administrative reforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Piotr Swacha ◽  
Jacek Wojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

One of the most important steps in the transition from the so-called “real socialism” to democracy was the process of administrative decentralization. In less than ten years, after the “round table” agreements, Polish parliament was able to introduce reforms that changed the structure of local governments. It created three tiers of self-governments and provided redistribution of authority, responsibility, tasks and competences between the government (and their institutions) and local governments. The first aim of the article is to present this process and indicate crucial decisions and actions made by Polish parliament. The second part of the article is mainly based on the results of a research made by CBOS and non-governmental organizations. The data shows how the local government has been perceived during the last two decades by Poles, it brings the information about a sense of influence on local affairs, the importance of local elections, trust in local authorities, belief in the influence of local authorities on local development, perception of the role and autonomy of local authorities. The second part of the article also contains secondary analysis of data on voting turnout in Polish local elections.

scholarly journals Communication Models of Local Self-Government as a Subject of Modern Russian Policy (Based on Local Self-Government Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Galina Morozova ◽  
◽  
Diana Fatikhova ◽  
Elmira Ziiatdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Symmetrical Model ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of communication in the system of local self-government of the Republic of Tatarstan as a subject of the Russian Federation conducted by the authors in November – December 2019. The study included a survey of representatives of regional media and press services of local authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan in order to determine the model of communication in the local government system and the role of PR-activities in the regulation of social interaction in the region. Methods and materials. The main method of studying was the method of expert survey. The authors developed a questionnaire, which was used during an interview with experts. When choosing an expert – a media representative for the interview – the authors took into account three factors: the rating of the represented media, the experience of the respondent in the regional media (at least five years) and the authority to make a key decision on the publication of the material. In order to identify the experts who are representatives of local self-government bodies, the authors of the article determined the following criteria: implementation of information and analytical activities in the structure of local self-government bodies, at least 5 years of experience as a head of a structural unit (public relations / media relations department) of local self-government bodies. Analysis. The analysis showed that the development of social media accelerates the process of establishing a two-way model of communication between the government and the public. Social media have become a full-fledged source of information both for the journalistic community and for the press services of local governments. Moreover, with the help of the content posted in posts on official accounts on social networks, local governments can attract residents of the municipal territory to participate in solving local issues. Constant monitoring, responding to comments, tracking negative content on social media are becoming everyday practices in the work of press services. Results. The results of the study indicate that over the past decade in the Russian Federation the necessary prerequisites have been formed for the formation of a bilateral symmetrical model of communication between local authorities and the population. This model is aimed at providing effective feedback that allows the local government to quickly respond to the aspirations and needs of the population, monitor their dynamics, constantly monitor the attitude and assessments of citizens of decisions made on the development of the city or region.

scholarly journals Participatory Approach to Gap Analysis between Policy and Practice Regarding Air Pollution in Ger Areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Bonjun Koo ◽  
Jong-Il Na ◽  
Throstur Thorsteinsson ◽  
Ana Maria Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, suffers from severe air pollution during the long winter months, and its air pollution levels are among the highest in the world. Residents in the ger areas of Ulaanbaatar are unable to take advantage of the laws and policy regulations to reduce air pollution despite years of efforts to address this issue by international and local organizations including the government of Mongolia (GoM). Important challenges and barriers that have limited the success of various governmental policies that tackle air pollution problems were identified through participatory approaches. In order to do this, personal interviews were conducted with various stakeholders such as officials from central and local governments, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations, and academia. Moreover, a workshop was conducted to elucidate the views of ger area community members in Ulaanbaatar. Based on the results of these interviews and workshop, the gaps between the policy approaches of the government, the actual conditions, and the desired situations of the residents to improve air quality in Ulaanbaatar were analyzed. The large gaps that were identified between the national and local perspectives on air pollution issues demonstrated that the reduction of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar requires solving fundamental and complex problems based on a better understanding of the specific conditions and needs of the residents of the ger areas. Moreover, active participation and discussion of the residents at the workshop indicated that community-based approaches could be applied in the cultural context of Mongolia with promising results in finding solutions.

scholarly journals Cooperation Between Local Government and Non- Governmental Organizations as a Platform for The Development of Social Dialogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Smalec ◽  
Agata Niemczyk ◽  
Renata Seweryn
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
The One ◽  
Time And Energy

The independence of territorial self-governments in the process of implementing the tasks imposed on them does not mean that they have to implement them independently. Achieving the assumed goals of action often requires skillful cooperation with other entities, including non- governmental organizations. Local government is the closest partner of non-governmental organizations, not only through action in the local community, but above all through a community of purpose, which is to meet the needs of residents. NGOs represent the local community. The basis for the functioning of the state is social dialogue. The guarantee of successful cooperation between partners is cooperation based, on the one hand, on the awareness of local governments of jointly diagnosing and solving local problems, and on the other ‒ on the awareness of non-governmental organizations to jointly implement their goals. It should be emphasized that territorial self-government ‒ fulfilling statutory tasks and non- governmental organizations (voluntary associations of people devoting their time and energy to achieve social goals) are two different types of entities. Dialogue and cooperation between them should aim to integrate and mobilize entities to improve the quality of life in small homelands. The main goal of the article is therefore to draw attention to the importance of cooperation between territorial self-governments and non-governmental organizations in order to achieve positive results. It emphasizes the principles on which such cooperation should be based. The areas of this cooperation were indicated, giving examples of practices. The work mainly uses the desk research method in the form of literature analysis, reports and exploitation of online resources, as well as case analysis.

scholarly journals STRATEGI MENSINERGIKAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akmaruzzaman ◽  
Sumardjo ◽  
Himawan Hariyoga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Government

Natuna regency is a rich area of natural resource products, but still includes underdeveloped areas in Riau Islands Province. Local governments have to make fundamental changes in building the infrastructure aspects, economic, and human resources to eliminate underdevelopment and reduce dependency on central government. The aims of this research are: (1). to evaluate the effectiveness and stakeholders’ perception of the CD program, in terms of participation and partnership; and (2) to formulate a strategy for synergizing the CD Program of Star Energy with the local government’s development program. The analytical methods that are used in this research are descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. This research was undertaken in Palmatak Sub District and Siantan Sub District of Natuna District of Kepulauan Riau Province, from June until October, 2008. The results indicated that the government stakeholders perceived that the participation of the CD program’s beneficiaries was adequate, and that the partnership between Star Energy and the local government was inadequate. The result of SWOT analysis suggested that Star Energy needs to focus its CD program on sustainable activities, such as economic development and education programs. The strategy for increasing synergy with the local development programs is to intensify communication between the company and the local government through the formation of community development partnership forum.Keywords: Community Development (CD), Effectiveness, Policy Strategy

scholarly journals Penghancuran Estetika Kota: Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Medan

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmyta Surbakti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

In the last two decades, specially when Medan City has got involved in the urban developmentalism, through the modernization and capital globalization, many historical buildings are destructed in order to build shopping centres, through hegemony and/or demolition by neglection. Using their hegemonic discourses, the local government supports controversially the destruction although the Perda was already issued. The most important discourse is the promise that the shopping centres will create employment for the local people as well as generate revenues for the government. To resist the destruction, counter-hegemonic ones are built by the society supported by critical groups, such as non-governmental organizations called Badan Warisan Sumatra (Sumatra Heritage Trust (BWS/SHT) with the central figure Hasti Tarekat as well as intellectuals, and mass media. Such a destruction does not only omit history and identity of the city but also neglect the tourism development based on the aesthetics of the heritages, which is potential to emansipatory praxis of the society.

scholarly journals Women’s Participation in Local Government: An Assessment of Enhancers and Inhibitors in the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem Municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Raymond Kwasi Boasinke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Elected Representatives

The participation of women in local government is one of the burning governance issues in the world today. Such participation is expected to serve as a springboard to propel women to participate at the national level. However, an analysis of women’s participation in local government reveals that women are grossly underrepresented. This study assessed the factors that enhance and inhibit women’s participation in local government as elected representatives in the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem Municipality of the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was used to conduct in-depth interviews using a census of all the elected past and present assembly members in the Municipality. The study revealed that women's participation at the household level, training and education by Non-Governmental Organizations, and cordial working relationship with male colleagues in local government were the main enhancers of women's participation in local government. The inhibiting factors revealed by the study included financial constraints, unreasonably high expectations, and the non-cooperative attitudes of community members. It is recommended that women and girls be made an integral part of household decision-making. Women who contest local elections should be supported financially. The NGOs that ran programs to empower women to participate in local government should be encouraged and supported.

scholarly journals Transformation from Below in Bangladesh: Decentralization, local governance, and systemic change

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-PAUL FAGUET
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Joint Product ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Responsiveness

AbstractI examine decentralization through the lens of the local dynamics it unleashed in Bangladesh. I argue that the national effects of decentralization are largely the sum of its local-level effects. Hence, to understand decentralization, we must first understand how local government works. This implies analysing not only decentralization, but also democracy, from the bottom up. I present a model of local government responsiveness as the product of political openness and substantive competition. The quality of politics, in turn, emerges endogenously as a joint product of the lobbying and political engagement of local firms/interests, and the organizational density and ability of civil society. I then test these ideas using qualitative data from Bangladesh. The evidence shows that civic organizations worked with non-governmental organizations and local governments to effect transformative change from the grass roots upwards—not just to public budgets and outputs, but to the underlying behaviours and ideas that underpin social development. In the aggregate, these effects were powerful. The result, key development indicators show, is Bangladesh leap-frogging past much wealthier India between 1990 and 2015.

scholarly journals Democratic Decentralization and Empowerment of Local Government Associations in Kerala

2009 ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ramakantan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Democratic Decentralization ◽  
The Government

During the past decade the Indian state of Kerala has been successfully carrying out democratic decentralization, and has substantially transformed the functions of local governments in line with the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, which institutionalised the local government system in India. In particular, formulation and implementation of micro plans with community participation has produced remarkable changes in the dynamics of local development and in the public management of local governments. This initiative for participatory planning at the local level taken by the government of Kerala enormously empowered local communities and the different actors in the local political system.

scholarly journals Perspektif Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Lokal dan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Sumberdaya Alam (Discourse Analisis dalam Kasus Eksploitasi Pasir di Perairan Krakatau Lampung Selatan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ahmad Robi Ulzikri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

South Lampung is one of the areas that still upholds customary and cultural values. Including one of them is in terms of preserving the environment. On the other hand, development in the area continues. However, the development discourse initiated by local governments, both district and provincial, often conflicts with the interests of local communities. One of them is the refusal, such as the local community and non-governmental organizations in the Rajabasa sub-district of South Lampung, against the exploitation of sand in the waters of the Anak Krakatau mountain by a private company that has obtained a permit from the provincial government. This study aims to determine the perspective of local non-governmental organizations and local governments in interpreting the existence of natural resources in the regions. The research method used is qualitative with a discourse analysis approach. Data collection comes from literature studies such as books, journals and news. The results show that the community has a perspective in looking at natural resources in the area, namely that they must maintain the status quo by assessing that natural resources need to be preserved as local wisdom without exploitation while the government assesses natural resources through proper exploration of natural resources. in fact, it can optimize regional income and create welfare for the community

scholarly journals Assignment of functions to local authorities in Lesotho

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Hoolo Nyane
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Community Councils

In Lesotho the adoption of the new constitution in 1993 made provision for local development. These constitutional provisions were only operationalised in 1997 through an Act of parliament (Local Government Act 1997). The question of how functions are assigned between the central and local governments has always been an area of dispute. The Act attempted to demarcate the assignments through the Schedules to the Act which embody the functions of local authorities at various levels – community councils, urban councils and district councils. However, local development and service delivery continue by and large to be undertaken by central government despite the demarcation. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to critically analyse the challenges of assignment of functions to local authorities in Lesotho. The paper contends that as the assignment of functions is integral to decentralisation in Lesotho, intergovernmental relations and assignment of functions should be incorporated into the country’s constitution.

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