scholarly journals Levels of Disagreement Over Contested Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Eric O. Silva
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

This article unravels the tangled threads of argumentation that can be found in public debate over institutional practices. An analysis of letters to the editor (n=1551) written about two contested practices (American Indian mascots and the exclusive teaching of evolutionary theory) uncovers three analytically distinct levels of disagreement in the discourse. In the first level, partisans debate the effects of keeping or eliminating the contested practice. This disagreement over consequences leads to a second disagreement over how the social criteria for adjudicating controversies apply to the situation. This application level sits atop a third foundational level of the discourse where partisans debate the nature of social reality and the definition of the rules.

A Disorder of Identity: Religious Difference ‘without’ ‘Religion’

Exchange ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Marius van Hoogstraten
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Comparative Theology ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Responding to Paul Hedges’ paper earlier in this volume, I discuss the consequences of the deconstruction of ‘religion’ for the ‘interreligious.’ First, I bring Paul Hedges’ ‘soft’ deconstruction into conversation with John Thatamanil’s comparative theology ‘after’ religion. While the former argues that religion, while always contextually situated, clearly still has ‘reality’, Thatamanil rather argues that the social reality of those practices and collectivities dubbed ‘religions’ is much more blurry and difficult than what the discourse on religion assumes. Far from a purely academic endeavour, taking seriously the deconstruction of ‘religion’ means taking seriously the violent history that has taken place under its name. Then I argue, drawing on John Caputo’s ‘religion without religion’, that instead of relying on fictions of solid or ‘pure’ foundations, of ‘religions’ as clearly delineated representative systems, interreligious engagement ought to embrace this blurring of boundaries and the inherent instability of their languages. Finally, however, I propose that Caputo as well as Hedges leave uninterrogated the underlying assumption that ‘religion’ precedes ‘religious difference’. Rather than finding some definition of ‘religion’ to understand or define religious difference, it may be necessary to trace how religious difference is employed to understand and define ‘religions’, most significantly how some collectivities and practices come to be defined as ‘other religions’.

Pensée 3: The Modernity of the Arabs

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
Political Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The study of Arab nationalism, and indeed of all nationalisms, is beset with particular problems. One is the imprecision of the main concepts involved, starting with the definition of nation. Another is the confusion, inherent in the very word “nationalism,” between two quite different objects of study—nationalism as a movement, as a social and political force, and nationalism as an ideology. The first allows objective, historical analyses of how a particular movement arose and developed in such and such a country, of the social groups that supported and/or opposed it, and, not least, of how states have sought to define and utilize it. The second is an aspiration, an ideological and normative claim, one with a strong tendency to control public debate; it has an inherent tendency to distort the history of the supposed “nation.” The special claims nationalists make for their particular nation cause a third problem: although modern history has yielded hundreds of cases of nationalism, as movement and ideology, nationalism occasions analysis that is singular, treating the nation in question as unique and avoiding comparison.

Letters to the Editor as a Means of Measuring the Effectiveness of Propaganda

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schuyler Foster ◽  
Carl J. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organized Activities ◽  
World War ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

In spite of the enormous literature on propaganda recently surveyed by a committee of the Social Science Research Council, there has not as yet emerged a generally accepted definition of propaganda. Consequently, any discussion in this field requires at the outset some statement or general indication of what one is dealing with, in order to reduce misunderstanding. As political scientists, we are taking a strictly pragmatic view of propaganda, as completely removed as possible from the area of psychological controversies. We have, for the purposes of our studies, considered only such propaganda as is manifested in the organized activities involved in efforts to get people to take a particular step, such as to vote for Roosevelt, or to abstain from objecting to a particular step, such as the United States’ entry into the World War. These efforts, when promotional, may be denominated “a propaganda campaign.” Such a campaign proceeds by the organized dissemination of propaganda appeals. But these same appeals can, and do, operate without any organized promotion; and still they tend to influence those whom they reach. Many different kinds of individuals carry these appeals—teachers, writers, gossips, etc. From the viewpoint of propaganda analysis, they may be called “propagandizers.” In the course of a typical campaign, there appear propagandizers who indulge in various activities which are significant in spite of their unorganized nature. Different is the propagandist who participates in a propaganda campaign.

scholarly journals Theoretic sociology and post-socialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Tomić-Koludrović
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

The post-socialist sociology in Croatia is scarcely able to give adequate answers to the pressing questions raised by the latest developments in post-socialist societies. It turns out equally inadequate when explaning the phenomena the Croatian society is beging exposed to at this particular time. The reason lies widely in the fact that societies emerging after socialism cannot be analyzed in terms of established rules and fully grasped categories. Paraphrasing Lyotard's thesis on postmodernism, the article adopts the view that the post-socialist period should be thought of as the paradox of pre-future, since its situation is the one in wich the rules of "what is going to be created" are, at the same time, operating and being made. In the light of such a definition of the social reality of which we only know with certainty that it comes after socialism, it is clear that only theoretical sociology can offer competent explanation of die new "rules in forming" and of their causes, rooted in the previous reality. Therefore Croatian sociology should turn to theoretical analysis of its own premisses, instead of engaging in new and new empiric researches that are always liable to ideological instrumentalizing, and that - in time perspective - speak more eloquently about the initial hypothesis of researcher than of the subject researched.

impact of global constitutionalism on formation of social concepts in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
Vitaly Viktorovich Goncharov ◽  
Marina R Zheltukhina ◽  
Irina G. Anikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is devoted to a conceptual analysis of the impact of global constitutionalism as the dominant interpretation of the definition of social reality on the formation and development of social concepts in the Russian Federation. The object of research is the phenomenon of globalization on the socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism. The diversity of social concepts in Russia, although generally consistent with the Western interpretations of social reality, has a number of legal, ideological, political peculiarities. The formation of social concepts in Russia is greatly influenced by the Western dominant interpretation of social reality - global constitutionalism. And the attitude to the globalization of the socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic life of Russian society and the state is one of the signs by which it is possible to classify both modern Russian social concepts and political parties, movements, religious and public organizations at the federal, regional and local level.

Literacy and Ideology

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Definable Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

The past decade has seen increasing acceptance of the perspective that there can be no disinterested, objective, and value-free definition of literacy: The way literacy is viewed and taught is always and inevitably ideological. All theories of literacy and all literacy pedagogies are framed in systems of values and beliefs which imply particular views of the social order and use literacy to position people socially. Even those views which paint literacy as a neutral, objectively definable set of skills are in fact rooted in a particular ideological perspective, and it is precisely because they obscure this orientation that they are most insidious. In fact, as Fairclough (1989) argues, one of the primary mechanisms of social control is the “naturalization” of institutional practices which legitimize and perpetuate existing power relations.

scholarly journals Global constitutionalism as a social concept: socio-philosophical analysis of socio-historical conditions of genesis and evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
Vitaly Viktorovich Goncharov ◽  
Nurgun V. Afanasev ◽  
Elena A. Sverdlikova ◽  
Tatiana N. Mikhaleva ◽  
Svetlana S. Mikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The authors investigated the mechanism of interconnection of ideas of global constitutionalism as a social concept with social reality, denoting the socio-historical conditions of its origin and development. The article proves that emergence and development of the social concept of global constitutionalism is due to a set of socio-economic, socio-political, historical and legal conditions that, in their interrelation and interdependence, determined the main features of this social concept, as well as the forms and stages of its implementation in the social reality of national societies and states as well as internationally. These conditions for the emergence and development of the social concept of global constitutionalism can be classified into a number of stages: the stage of the formation of the social concept of global constitutionalism, the definition of its system-forming features and the formulation of global democratic values; the stage of creating international and supranational political and legal institutions acting as unified control centres of regulation and control, which consists in the forcible export of values of constitutional democracy on a planetary scale.

Homosexuality and Refugee Status in the United Kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek McGhee
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Group ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper the legal institutional practices whereby refugee statuses are determined is subjected to examination through the vehicle of cases where homosexuality has been the basis of the application for refugee status. What emerges in this article is a narrative of homosexuals being excluded from and eventually included in refugee status in the United Kingdom. This narrative is played out within the discursive context of a particular definition of refugee status, namely, that of being a member of a persecuted social group. It is through the analysis of refugee case law in the United Kingdom and internationally that homosexuality is presented, as providing specific problems for refugee law in terms of whom, and in what circumstances, should be included in the ‘social group’ category. In this paper it will be demonstrated that homosexual cases are significant in relation to the attempt to overcome ‘exclusive definitions’ of ‘persecuted social groups’ in refugee law. This is evident, most particularly in terms of the increasing connection between International Refugee Law and International Human Rights Law in the consideration of the persecution experienced by homosexuals in the cases analysed in the paper.

scholarly journals Digital Deviance as a Phenomenon of New Social Reality: Methodological Foundations and Conceptualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Marina V. Kostolomova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This article deals with the current issue to develop the phenomena and processes, which characterize the transition to new social reality in a global course for the universal digitization of human life. Referring to the existing polemical and negative discourse in the academic circles as to digital technology influencing man, the author’s focus turns to the question of how digital technology influences an average member of society. To answer this question, one should take into account not only “liquid” social reality, but digital trends. The paper presents the author’s definition of theirs. Further, the author refers to deviance study as part of sociological knowledge through which it is possible to make a comprehensive analysis of the social destruction. By using a historiographic analysis it is concluded that, not rejecting the described theories, in the transition to digital social reality there is a need for specifying and conceptualizing the theory of deviant behaviour adequate to the changing times in society. The reasons given for deviant behaviour the author provides the fundamental and system-creating processes of society as a whole. Among the reasons of no small important analyzed by the author, for instance, the impact of globalization or the substantial transformations of science and education, the changes in happening to modern man under the influence of the digital environment are emphasized. The author notes that modern man has new social-psychological traits, conditions, characteristics. The paper gives their description classified according to their influence on the member of society. When being more approximately studied by researchers, these new conditions, reactions and traits blend in the new forms of deviance. The article also theorises the author’s definition of digital deviance (digital deviant behaviour), its peculiarities and typology. An empirical study on measuring digital deviance by computing the relevant indicators is intended to be conducted.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

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