scholarly journals Bacillus spp. en el Control de la Marchitez Causada por Fusarium spp. en Capsicum chinense

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Mejía-Bautista ◽  
Arturo Reyes-Ramírez ◽  
Jairo Cristobal-Alejo ◽  
José María Tun-Suárez ◽  
Lizette Del Carmen Borges-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Bacillus Spp

El género <em>Fusarium</em> es un patógeno asociado al marchitamiento del chile y con reducción del rendimiento del cultivo. Las rizobacterias son una alternativa para mejorar la producción agrícola y protección contra  fitopatógenos. En el presente estudio se evaluó el antagonismo in vitro de diez cepas de <em>Bacillus</em> contra <em>Fusarium equiseti</em> ITCF1 y <em>F. solani</em> ITCF2, todas la cepas bacterianas inhibieron el crecimiento micelial entre 21.28 y 71.70 %, adicionalmente las cepas CBMT2 y CBMT51 presentaron halos de inhibición contra <em>F. equiseti</em> con halos de 3.76 y 6.37 mm. Los dos patógenos mostraron  100 % de incidencia de la enfermedad en plántulas de chile habanero y severidad de 90.0 % por <em>F. solani</em> y 77.5 % por <em>F. equiseti</em>. En pruebas de resistencia a la marchitez se utilizaron cuatro cepas de <em>Bacillus</em> con base en la actividad antagónica mostrada, se realizaron tres inoculaciones en la base del tallo a los 15, 28 y 35 días después de la germinación, se obtuvo que <em>B. subtilis</em> CBMT51 y B. cereus BL18 redujeron la severidad de la enfermedad ocasionada por <em>F. equiseti</em> y la cepa BL18 para <em>F. solani</em>, en un 47.7, 37.8 y 50.9 % respectivamente a los 28 días de la evaluación.

scholarly journals Diversity of Nematode Microbial Antagonists from Algeria Shows Occurrence of Nematotoxic Trichoderma spp.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Nawal Benttoumi ◽  
Mariantonietta Colagiero ◽  
Samira Sellami ◽  
Houda Boureghda ◽  
Abdelaziz Keddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Fungi and bacteria associated to phytoparasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne spp. in Algeria were identified and characterized. Trichoderma spp. showed the highest prevalence in the cysts of G. rostochiensis. A number of isolates were identified through PCR amplification and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-2 and Rpb2 gene regions. The most represented species were T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. The latter and T. hirsutum were reported for the first time in Algeria. Fusarium spp., including F. oxysporum and F. solani, comprised a second group of fungi found in cysts. Taxa associated to females of Meloidogyne spp. included T. harzianum, Fusarium spp. and other hyphomycetes. To assess the efficacy of Trichoderma spp., two assays were carried out in vitro with the culture filtrates of two T. afroharzianum and T. harzianum isolates, to check their toxicity versus the second stage juveniles of M. incognita. After 24–48 h exposure, a mortality significantly higher than the control was observed for both filtrates at 1% dilutions. The TRI genes involved in the production of trichothecenes were also amplified with the PCR from some Trichoderma spp. isolates and sequenced, supporting a putative role in nematode toxicity. Bacteria isolated from the cysts of G. rostochiensis included Brucella, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus spp., identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of the microbial isolates identified and their mechanisms of action are discussed, as part of a sustainable nematode management strategy.

Dry bean seed quality in Honduras

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Luis Del Río ◽  
Paul Hepperly ◽  
James Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Low germination and high levels of fungal infections were found in seed of June plantings of dry beans in Honduras, Fusarium equiseti (12-62% incidence) was the dominant internally seedborne fungus of that season. October plantings showed fewer (P = 0.05) seed infections and less discoloration.  Fusarium semitectum (7 to 21%) was the dominant seed microorganism. Stored seed (December to June) lost about 50% of its vigor and size without losing germination (89%). Bacillus licheniformis, with up to 37% incidence, was the dominant seed storage microorganism. Storage microorganisms included Aspergillus spp., other Bacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Chaetomium spp., Mucor spp., and Flavobacterium spp. Fusarium spp. varied in their recovery after storage. Fusarium semitectum was eliminated in storage, whereas F. equiseti increased. Levels of Fusarium spp., in recently harvested seed, and Bacillus and Aspergillus spp., in stored seed, were excellent indicators of seed quality losses in the field and storage in Honduras. Germination data alone was not a good indicator of seed quality because low vigor seed had excellent germination.

scholarly journals Evaluación del efecto biocontrolador de Bacillus spp., frente a Fusarium spp., bajo condiciones de invernadero en Rosmarinus officinalis L

Nova ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Diana Bautista ◽  
Lucía Constanza Corrales Ramírez MSC ◽  
Jairo Leonardo Cuervo Andrade PhD ◽  
Lady González ◽  
Marcela Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

El romero es una de las plantas aromáticas más importantes dentro del mercado de exportación  colombiano. El cultivo de esta planta se ve afectado por marchitez vascular producida por <em>Fusarium </em>spp. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue establecer en el romero el efecto biocontrolador de <em>Bacillus </em>spp., frente a <em>Fusarium </em>spp., bajo condiciones de invernadero. Para ello se seleccionaron <em>Bacillus liqueniformis </em>(B1<em>), Bacillus subtilis </em>(B2), <em>Bacillus megaterium </em>(B14), <em>Bacillus brevis </em>(E2), aislados de rizósfera de plantas aromáticas, a los cuales se les realizaron pruebas de viabilidad, identificación enzimática manual y automatizada, y pruebas de antagonismo <em>in vitro </em>en medio PDA frente a <em>Fusarium acuminatum </em>aislado de las plantas de romero, comprobando la patogenicidad del hongo por postulados de Koch.<p>El ensayo se realizó con 30 plántulas de romero, un control negativo y uno positivo, bioensayos con sólo <em>Bacillus </em>spp., y tratamientos con <em>Bacillus </em>spp., más el patógeno. Para evaluar la severidad del patógeno y el comportamiento de las bacterias cada ensayo se realizó por triplicado y bajo condiciones de invernadero. En las pruebas de antagonismo <em>in vitro </em>B1 y B2 presentaron entre el 70–100% de inhibición del micelio y B14 y E2 entre el 40–69%. Los <em>Bacillus </em>spp<em>., </em>disminuyeron la severidad de la marchitez vascular en todos los ensayos; por la producción de sustancias antifúngicas facilitaron el aumento del peso seco de las hojas de las plantas al permitir la obtención de nutrientes y B14 aumentó la longitud de la raíz y el tallo. Se precisa secuenciar el aislamiento de <em>Fusarium, </em>para confirmar la especie.</p>

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Piper auritum Kunth Essential Oil against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
César Chacón ◽  
Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal ◽  
Goretty Caamal-Chan ◽  
Víctor M. Ruíz-Valdiviezo ◽  
Joaquín A. Montes-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Piper Auritum

The essential oils of plants of the genus Piper have secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity related to their chemical composition. The objective of our work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal activity of the aerial part essential oil of P. auritum obtained by hydrodistillation on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Capsicum chinense. The antifungal activity was evaluated by direct contact and poisoned food tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and maximum radial growth inhibition (MGI) were determined. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). By direct contact, the essential oil reached an inhibition of over 40% on Fusarium spp. The 8.4 mg/mL concentration showed the highest inhibition on F. oxysporum (40–60%) and F. equiseti (>50%). The MIC50 was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA-T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ-T6 and F. equiseti FCHE-T8. DART-MS chemical analysis of the essential oil showed [2M-H]− and [M-H]− adducts of high relative intensity that were mainly attributed to eugenol and thymol/p-cimen-8-ol. The findings found in this study show a fungistatic effect of the essential oil of P. auritum on Fusarium spp.

scholarly journals Healthy Photosynthetic Mechanism Suggests ISR Elicited by Bacillus spp. in Capsicum chinense Plants Infected with PepGMV

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Blancka Yesenia Samaniego-Gámez ◽  
René Garruña ◽  
José M. Tun-Suárez ◽  
Oscar A. Moreno-Valenzuela ◽  
Arturo Reyes-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quantum Yield ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Bacillus spp. isolates on the photosynthetic apparatus of Capsicum chinense plants infected with PepGMV. In vitro and greenhouse experiments were performed to evaluate whether the inoculation improved plants’ performance through the increase in photosynthetic efficiency to control PepGMV. The results showed that despite PepGMV infection, the plants inoculated with some isolates of Bacillus spp. had a healthy photosynthetic mechanism, as the photochemical parameters and gas exchange increased. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) of plants with PepGMV and inoculated with Bacillus isolates (M9, K46, and K47) increased (7.85, 7.09, and 7.77%, respectively) with respect to uninoculated controls. In inoculated plants, the CO2 assimilation rate increased and the transpiration rate decreased, therefore indicating an increased water use efficiency. This effect was reflected by the less severe symptoms caused by PepGMV in the plants obtained from seeds inoculated with different Bacillus spp. Plants inoculated with K47 isolates showed an increase in fruit yield and quality. This study suggests that it is possible to protect, at the greenhouse level, C. chinense plants from PepGMV through selected rhizobacteria inoculation.

scholarly journals A prospectus of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterium from orchid (Vanda cristata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Shah ◽  
Krishna Chand ◽  
Bhagwan Rekadwad ◽  
Yogesh S. Shouche ◽  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background A plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium PVL1 isolated from the leaf of Vanda cristata has the ability to colonize with roots of plants and protect the plant. PVL1 was isolated using laboratory synthetic media. 16S rRNA gene sequencing method has been employed for identification before and after root colonization ability. Results Original isolated and remunerated strain from colonized roots were identified as Bacillus spp. as per EzBiocloud database. The presence of bacteria in the root section of the plantlet was confirmed through Epifluorescence microscopy of colonized roots. The in-vitro plantlet colonized by PVL1 as well as DLMB attained higher growth than the control. PVL1 capable of producing plant beneficial phytohormone under in vitro cultivation. HPLC and GC-MS analysis suggest that colonized plants contain Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The methanol extract of Bacillus spp., contains 0.015 μg in 1 μl concentration of IAA. PVL1 has the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds such as ethyl iso-allocholate, which exhibits immune restoring property. One-way ANOVA shows that results were statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05 level. Conclusions Hence, it has been concluded that Bacillus spp. PVL1 can promote plant growth through secretion of IAA during root colonization and ethyl iso-allocholate to protect plants from foreign infections. Thus, this study supports to support Koch’s postulates of bacteria establishment.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Kloepper ◽  
Ilan Chet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Biological Control Potential

Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document