Climate change impacts and transformative adaptation strategies among farming households in the City of Koronadal, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Lorena Sabino ◽  
◽  
Juan Pulhin ◽  
Josefina Dizon ◽  
Rex Victor Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The City ◽  
Transformative Adaptation

Farmers in the Roxas mountain range, City of Koronadal used to have bountiful harvests during the time when the city was still free from climate-related hazards. However, this situation has recently changed due to the increasing climate-related risk events. Moreover, localized baseline scientific climate information is limited to foster the development of appropriate adaptations and policies toward climate-resilient communities. This study assessed the climate trends and the changes, impacts, and adaptation strategies of farm households in five barangays in the Roxas mountain range, Koronadal City, South Cotabato. The study conducted household surveys with 265 respondents, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. In using Mann-Kendall test statistics, time series analysis and one-way analysis of variance, the findings from 1981 to 2012 show increasing trends with significant changes (p <0.01) in mean minimum temperature, increasing by 0.74 °C for three decades. In contrast, mean maximum temperature showed a decreasing trend with an average decrease of 0.65 °C, p <0.01). In three decadal periods, an average increase of 0.04 °C in monthly mean temperature was observed. Rainfall patterns during the same period also show significant changes in the months of June (p <0.01), August, and December (p <0.05); these findings suggest that climate change occurred. Floods, landslides, and droughts were experienced by the communities, which had devastating socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The existing adaptation strategies are just stop-gap solutions that address the effects of climate change but do not consider the root causes. To consider future changes in climate patterns, the socioeconomic and political structure and processes of the communities need to change; this can be achieved if multifaceted drivers of climate change hazards and their impacts are appropriately and immediately addressed. Some grassroot-level transformative adaptation strategies identified in the study consist of socioeconomic facets, specifically, investment in children’s education, financial management, family planning, and development of alternative on-farm and nonfarm livelihood options. The environmental aspect, which includes promoting agroforestry system, water impoundment technologies, and advanced early warning system, were also considered.

scholarly journals Maximum Temperatures and Heat Waves in Mexicali, Mexico: Trends and Threshold Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S32778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polioptro F. Martínez Austria ◽  
Erick R. Bandala
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The City

Maximum temperature trends and the corresponding heat wave thresholds in the northwestern city of Mexicali, Mexico, were analyzed using historical data from the site. We found that there seems to be an upward trend in temperature in the past decades, along with an increased number of days reaching maximum temperatures considered as heat waves. Despite the difficulty of establishing heat wave parameters, the trends of the analyzed field data clearly show their presence, mainly during July and August. This trend is also supported by the analysis of the number of admissions and casualties registered in hospitals in the city of Mexicali. This work is a warning on the frequency and duration of a very important climate change-related effect capable of jeopardizing the health of the population in the region and requiring more attention by decision makers and stakeholders. It also helps to document observed climate trends, as requested by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change.

scholarly journals Weak precipitation, warm winters and springs impact glaciers of south slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya) in the last 2 decades (1994–2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Salerno ◽  
N. Guyennon ◽  
S. Thakuri ◽  
G. Viviano ◽  
E. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Koshi Basin

Abstract. Studies on recent climate trends from the Himalayan range are limited, and even completely absent at high elevation (> 5000 m a.s.l.). This study specifically explores the southern slopes of Mt. Everest, analyzing the time series of temperature and precipitation reconstructed from seven stations located between 2660 and 5600 m a.s.l. during 1994–2013, complemented with the data from all existing ground weather stations located on both sides of the mountain range (Koshi Basin) over the same period. Overall we find that the main and most significant increase in temperature is concentrated outside of the monsoon period. Above 5000 m a.s.l. the increasing trend in the time series of minimum temperature (+0.072 °C yr−1) is much stronger than of maximum temperature (+0.009 °C yr−1), while the mean temperature increased by +0.044 °C yr−1. Moreover, we note a substantial liquid precipitation weakening (−9.3 mm yr−1) during the monsoon season. The annual rate of decrease in precipitation at higher elevations is similar to the one at lower elevations on the southern side of the Koshi Basin, but the drier conditions of this remote environment make the fractional loss much more consistent (−47% during the monsoon period). Our results challenge the assumptions on whether temperature or precipitation is the main driver of recent glacier mass changes in the region. The main implications are the following: (1) the negative mass balances of glaciers observed in this region can be more ascribed to a decrease in accumulation (snowfall) than to an increase in surface melting; (2) the melting has only been favoured during winter and spring months and close to the glaciers terminus; (3) a decrease in the probability of snowfall (−10%) has made a significant impact only at glacier ablation zone, but the magnitude of this decrease is distinctly lower than the observed decrease in precipitation; (4) the decrease in accumulation could have caused the observed decrease in glacier flow velocity and the current stagnation of glacier termini, which in turn could have produced more melting under the debris glacier cover, leading to the formation of numerous supraglacial and proglacial lakes that have characterized the region in the last decades.

scholarly journals Directional Variability in Response of Pinus koraiensis Radial Growth to Climate Change

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Yingjie Sun ◽  
Mark Henderson ◽  
Binhui Liu ◽  
Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
Individual Trees

Climate change affects forest ecosystems at a variety of scales, from the composition of landscapes to the growth of individual trees. Research across regions and tree species has produced contradictory findings on the effects of climate variables on radial growth. Here, we examine tree ring samples taken from four directions of a tree to determine whether there is directional variability in tree growth in relation to climate trends. The results showed directional differences in the temporal growth processes of Pinus koraiensis, with more commonalities between the west and north directions and between the east and south directions. The contemporaneous June maximum temperature was the main climate factor associated with the difference between the growth of tree rings toward the east or west. Annual tree ring growth toward the east was more affected by the year’s temperature while growth toward the south was more sensitive to the year’s precipitation. Our research demonstrates that diverse response of tree growth to climate may exist at intra-individual scale. This contributes to understanding the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change at differ scales.

scholarly journals Classificação e Análises das Indicações de Mudanças Climáticas no Município de Sobral - Ceará (Classification and Analysis of Indications of Climate Change in the City of Sobral – Ceará)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Raimundo Mainar Medeiros ◽  
Paulo Roberto Megna Francisco ◽  
Alexandra Lima Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The City

A partir das séries climatológicas normais de 1931-1960 e 1961-1990 dos elementos meteorológicos realizaram-se os cálculos do balanço hídrico climatológico, a classificação e as análises das indicações de mudanças climáticas no município de Sobral, estado do Ceará, utilizando O programa do BHnorm  elaborado em planilhas eletrônicas no pacote Excel por Sentelhas et al. (1999) e a metodologia de cálculo do Balanço Hídrico Climático de Thornthwaite & Mather (1955) e a classificação de Thornthwaite (1955), com o objetivo de contribuir para a sustentabilidade do homem no campo. Identificou-se que o clima da área de estudo classifica-se como Megatérmico semiárido e o tipo climático passou do tipo dw2w2d’ para dw2Dd’ com reduções da temperatura mínima e com oscilações de -0,1 a -0,8ºC e temperatura máxima com variações de -1,7 à 2,1ºC.  A umidade relativa do ar ocorreu flutuações positivas de 0,3 à 3,4%. A evapotranspiração potencial oscilou em -71,0 mm em relação aos períodos para o mês de outubro. Os índices de umidade; aridez e hídricos demonstraram valores de 28,6%, -23,9% e -47,5%, respectivamente. Observou-se que todas estas variabilidades ocorreram devido aos efeitos causados pelo homem na estrutura da cidade. Palavras-chave: Meteorologia. Balanço Hídrico Climático. Clima.  Classification and Analysis of Indications of Climate Change in the City of Sobral – Ceará  ABSTRACTFrom the series 1931-1960 climatological normal from 1961-1990 and meteorological elements were carried out calculations of the climatic water balance, classification and analysis of the indications of climate change in the city of Sobral, Ceará State, using the program BHnorm prepared in Excel spreadsheets in the package by Sentelhas et al. (1999) and the methodology of calculation of the Climatic Water Balance of Thornthwaite & Mather (1955) and the classification of Thornthwaite (1955), in order to contribute to the sustainability of the man in the field. It was found that the climate of the study area is classified as megathermal semiarid climate and the type has type dw2w2d 'to dw2Dd' with reductions in the minimum temperature fluctuations and from -0.1 to -0.8 º C and maximum temperature variations with 2.1 to -1.7 ° C. The relative humidity was positive fluctuations of 0.3 to 3.4%. The potential evapotranspiration fluctuated -71.0 mm for the periods for the month of October. The contents of moisture, drought and water showed values ​​of 28.6% -23.9% and -47.5%, respectively. It was observed that all these effects occurred due to variability caused by man in the structure of the city.  Keywords: Meteorology. Climatic Water Balance. Climate.

scholarly journals Weak precipitation, warm winters and springs impact glaciers of south slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya) in the last two decades (1994–2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5911-5959 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Salerno ◽  
N. Guyennon ◽  
S. Thakuri ◽  
G. Viviano ◽  
E. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Koshi Basin

Abstract. Studies on recent climate trends from the Himalayan range are limited, and even completely absent at high elevation. This contribution specifically explores the southern slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya), analyzing the minimum, maximum, and mean temperature and precipitation time series reconstructed from seven stations located between 2660 and 5600m a.s.l. over the last twenty years (1994–2013). We complete this analysis with data from all the existing ground weather stations located on both sides of the mountain range (Koshi Basin) over the same period. Overall we observe that the main and more significant increase in temperature is concentrated outside of the monsoon period. At higher elevations minimum temperature (0.072 ± 0.011 °C a−1, p < 0.001) increased far more than maximum temperature (0.009 ± 0.012 °C a−1, p > 0.1), while mean temperature increased by 0.044 ± 0.008 °C a−1, p < 0.05. Moreover, we note a substantial precipitation weakening (9.3 ± 1.8mm a−1, p < 0.01 during the monsoon season). The annual rate of decrease at higher elevation is similar to the one at lower altitudes on the southern side of the Koshi Basin, but here the drier conditions of this remote environment make the fractional loss much more consistent (47% during the monsoon period). This study contributes to change the perspective on which climatic driver (temperature vs. precipitation) led mainly the glacier responses in the last twenty years. The main implications are the following: (1) the negative mass balances of glaciers observed in this region can be more ascribed to less accumulation due to weaker precipitation than to an increase of melting processes. (2) The melting processes have only been favored during winter and spring months and close to the glaciers terminus. (3) A decreasing of the probability of snowfall has significantly interested only the glaciers ablation zones (10%, p < 0.05), but the magnitude of this phenomenon is decidedly lower than the observed decrease of precipitation. (4) The lesser accumulation could be the cause behind the observed lower glacier flow velocity and the current stagnation condition of tongues, which in turn could have trigged melting processes under the debris glacier coverage, leading to the formation of numerous supraglacial and proglacial lakes that have characterized the region in the last decades. Without demonstrating the causes that could have led to the climate change pattern observed at high elevation, we conclude by listing the recent literature on hypotheses that accord with our observations.

scholarly journals Epistemic injustice, risk mapping and climatic events: analysing epistemic resistance in the context of favela removal in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
Luciana Mendes Barbosa ◽  
Gordon Walker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Epistemic Justice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract. Environmental and climate justice scholarship has increasingly focused on how knowledge and expertise play into the production of injustice and into strategies of resistance and activist claim making. We consider the epistemic injustice at work within the practices of risk mapping and assessment applied in Rio de Janeiro to justify the clearance of favela communities. We trace how in the wake of landslides in 2010, the city authorities moved towards a removal policy justified in the name of protecting lives and becoming resilient to climate change. We examine how favela dwellers, activists and counter-experts joined efforts to develop a partially successful epistemic resistance that contested the knowledge on which this policy was based. We use this case to reflect on the situated character of both technologies of risk and the emergence of epistemic resistance, on the relationship between procedural and epistemic justice, and on the challenges for instilling more just climate adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Future Climate Change Renders Unsuitable Conditions for Paramo Ecosystems in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8373
Author(s):  
Matilda Cresso ◽  
Nicola Clerici ◽  
Adriana Sanchez ◽  
Fernando Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Future

Paramo ecosystems are tropical alpine grasslands, located above 3000 m.a.s.l. in the Andean mountain range. Their unique vegetation and soil characteristics, in combination with low temperature and abundant precipitation, create the most advantageous conditions for regulating and storing surface and groundwater. However, increasing temperatures and changing patterns of precipitation due to greenhouse-gas-emission climate change are threatening these fragile environments. In this study, we used regional observations and downscaled data for precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature during the reference period 1960–1990 and simulations for the future period 2041–2060 to study the present and future extents of paramo ecosystems in the Chingaza National Park (CNP), nearby Colombia’s capital city, Bogotá. The historical data were used for establishing upper and lower precipitation and temperature boundaries to determine the locations where paramo ecosystems currently thrive. Our results found that increasing mean monthly temperatures and changing precipitation will render 39 to 52% of the current paramo extent in CNP unsuitable for these ecosystems during the dry season, and 13 to 34% during the wet season. The greatest loss of paramo area will occur during the dry season and for the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario 8.5, when both temperature and precipitation boundaries are more prone to be exceeded. Although our initial estimates show the future impact on paramos and the water security of Bogotá due to climate change, complex internal and external interactions in paramo ecosystems make it essential to study other influencing climatic parameters (e.g., soil, topography, wind, etc.) apart from temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Adaptation to climate change of the French wine industry: a systemic approach – Main outcomes of the project LACCAVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
Hervé Quénol ◽  
Gérard Barbeau ◽  
Cornelis van Leeuwen ◽  
Philippe Darriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Multidisciplinary Program ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Developmental Conditions

Taking into account the major economical role and specificities of the French wine industry, adaptation to climate change is a very challenging issue. In 2011, 23 research teams launched a systemic and multidisciplinary program to analyze the impacts from the vine to the region, to define adaptation strategies combining technical, spatial and organizational options and to evaluate the perception by the actors and consumers of climate change issues. Thermal variability was studied at local scale to develop high resolution atmospheric models which better simulate future climate trends. Impacts on growth/developmental conditions and vine responses were estimated from the calculation of eco-climatic indices and a combination of functional models. Genetic and physiological bases of grapevine adaptation to high temperature and drought were analyzed. Improving oenological and cultural practices as well as plant material innovation have been investigated as major technical adaptations. How these options could be implemented at the plot level was examined to elaborate decision tools. Multi-agent modelling was developed for this purpose. Surveys were performed to evaluate the perception of the main actors regarding climate change and their level of acceptability towards technical changes. Consumer acceptability of new types of wines was also investigated with an experimental economy approach. Finally a foresight exercise was conducted to design four potential adaptation strategies: conservative, innovative, nomad and liberal. Outcomes of this exercise are now used as a tool for wine industry members to develop their own strategic plan for adaptation.

scholarly journals Climate change and maize agriculture among Chepang communities of Nepal: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Sharma ◽  
Rishi Ram Kattel ◽  
Ananta Prakash Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

This paper reviews recent literature concerning effects of climate change on agriculture and its agricultural adaptation strategies, climate change impacts on Chepang communities and their maize farming. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to agricultural productivity. Change in temperature and precipitation specially has greater influence on crop growth and productivity and most of these effect are found to be adverse. Climate change has been great global threat with global temperature rise by 0.83 °C and  global sea level rise by 0.19 m. Poor countries of the world are more vulnerable to changing climate due to different technological, institutional and resource constraints. In context of Nepal, practices like tree plantation, lowering numbers of livestock, shifting to off farm activities, sloping agricultural land technology (SALT) and shifting cultivation are most common coping strategies. Chepang, one of the most backward indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal are also found to perceive change in the climate. Perception  and adaptation strategies  followed by different farmers of world including Chepang  is mainly found to be effected by household head’s age, size of farm, family size, assessment to credit, information and extension service, training received and  transportation. Maize is second most important crop in Nepal in which increase in temperature is favorable in Mountain and its yield is negatively influenced by increase in summer rain and maximum temperature. Local knowledge of indigenous people provides new insights into the phenomenon that has not yet been scientifically researched. So, government should combine this perceptive with scientific climate scenario and should conduct activities in term of adoption strategies and policies to insist targeted and marginalized farmers.

scholarly journals Análise Descritiva da Precipitação, Temperatura, Umidade e Tendências Climáticas no Recife - Pe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Roni Valter De Souza Guedes ◽  
Thiago Luiz Do Vale Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Decadal Variations

Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre as principais variáveis atmosféricas locais é o objeto deste estudo, a partir de dados de 1961 a 2019 para a localidade do Recife-PE. A metodologia engloba uma análise exploratória e descritiva com distribuição de frequencia por faixas de intensidades pluviométricas e identificação de tendências em escalas temporais diversificadas em meses, quadras, estações, anos e décadas das variaveis precipitação, temperaturas e umidade do ar. Verificou-se redução das precipitações em algumas faixas intermediárias e aumento dos dias sem chuva, chuvas leves e chuvas intensas, com tendência anual da precipitação de diminuição ao longo das décadas. Observou-se também tendências de aumento das temperaturas máximas, mínimas e diminuição das umidades, com taxas diferenciadas entre os meses secos e chuvosos, com maiores variações nas estações de transição e indicativo de verões mais quentes e secos. A conclusão é que o clima do Recife está mudando alguns padrões climatológicos, com tendência de chuvas extremas durante a quadra chuvosa e provável aumento de ondas de calor fora do periodo chuvoso.  Descriptive Analysis of Precipitation, Temperature, Humidity and Climate Trends in Recife - PE A B S T R A C TThis study aims to describe and evaluate the changes and trends of meteorological variables in Recife - PE during the period from 1961 to 2019 and verify indications of climatic changes over the Region. The methodology includes an exploratory and descriptive analysis with frequency distribution by ranges of rainfall intensity and identifying trends in temporal scales of precipitation, temperatures, and air humidity. The results pointed a precipitation reduction in ranges between 10 to 70 mm, an increase in the number of days without rain, in rains below 10 mm, and rains with intensity above 100 mm, however, with a trend in the annual accumulated rainfall reduction in recent decades. There was an evident trend towards increasing maximum and minimum temperatures and decreasing relative humidity in the air, with different rates between the dry and rainy months, with emphasis on more significant variations in the transition seasons and indicative of hotter and drier summers, divergent behavior of the minimum temperature, stabilizing during the rainy season, and reduction in the last decade. Thus, the rate of increasing maximum temperature is more than 0.23ºC/decade, while the minimum temperature is rising 0.13ºC/decade, and the relative humidity is decreasing at a rate of 0.53%/decade. The local climate change at Recife registered different behaviors on seasonal scales and diversity in climatological patterns, with an increase in the concentration of extreme rainfall in the rainy season, a decrease in rainfall in the driest periods. Also, an increase in the probability of the occurrence of heatwaves.Keywords: Climate change, intensity frequencies, seasonal and decadal variations

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