scholarly journals Holding the line on human rights accountability: Explaining the unlikely judicial overturn of the pardon and immunity granted to human rights violator Alberto Fujimori

Derecho PUCP ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 413-469
Author(s):  
Javier Alonso De Belaunde de Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Culture Shift ◽  
Alberto Fujimori ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian ex-president and perpetrator of human rights violations, was released from prison due to a presidential pardon in 2017. He was also granted immunity from prosecution. Although the political branches and the majority of the population supported these measures, as shown by public opinion polls, within months domestic courts overturned them completely, relying on standards set by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. This is the most unlikely result, comparatively. The article examines what could explain this pro human rights accountability behaviour in the judiciary. It argues that the outcome could be the product of two processes initialised during the Peruvian transition: Judicial empowerment (independence and power gains) and legal culture shift from positivism to neo-constitutionalism. Both are defined and analysed with reference to transitional justice and socio-legal studies scholarship. The article further seeks to identify the conditions under which Inter-American conventionality control doctrine could have a strong domestic impact.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eric Lagenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Election Outcome ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
German Politics ◽  
Left Party ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Although it has not been that long since the articles of the previous special issue devoted to the 2017 Bundestag election and its aftermath have been published, the political situation in Germany appears to have stabilized. After almost six months without a new government, German politics has sunk back into a kind of late-Merkel era normality. Public opinion polls continue to show that the CDU/CSU is slightly above its election outcome, the SPD is still down in the 17–18 percent range, the FDP has lost about 2 percent of its support, while the AfD, Greens and Left Party are up 1–2 percent.

Bills of Rights and Decolonization

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parkinson Charles
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Overseas Territories

This book analyzes the British Government's radical change in policy during the late 1950s on the use of bills of rights in colonial territories nearing independence. More broadly it explores the political dimensions of securing the protection of human rights at independence and the peaceful transfer of power through constitutional means. This book fills a major gap in the literature on British and Commonwealth law, history, and politics by documenting how bills of rights became commonplace in Britain' s former overseas territories. It provides a detailed empirical account of the origins of the bills of rights in Britain's former colonial territories in Africa, the West Indies, and South East Asia as well as in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It sheds light on the development of legal systems at the point of gaining independence and raises questions about the colonial influence on the British legal establishment's change in attitude towards bills of rights in the late 20th century. It presents an alternative perspective on the end of Empire by focusing upon one aspect of constitutional decolonization and the importance of the local legal culture in determining each dependency's constitutional settlement and provides a series of empirical case studies on the incorporation of human rights instruments into domestic constitutions when negotiated between a state and its dependencies. More generally, this book highlights Britain's human rights legacy to its former Empire, and traces the genesis of the bills of rights of over thirty nations from the Commonwealth.

Out of Eastern Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Subotić
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Difficult Case ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Political Challenge

What is the contribution of Eastern European scholarship to the study of human rights and transitional justice? This essay takes stock of the most significant empirical and theoretical contributions of the study of Eastern Europe, specifically the study of the difficult case of the former Yugoslavia, to the scholarship on transitional justice. I identify three main challenges the scholarship on the former Yugoslavia has presented to the larger field of transitional justice: the political challenge of multiple overlapping transitions, the inability of international institutions to effect domestic social change, and the dangers of politicization of past violence remembrance.

Should Public Opinion Polls Make Election Forecasts?

1949 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Gideon Seymour ◽  
Archibald Crossley ◽  
Paul F. Lazarsfeld ◽  
George Gallup
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Since the political upset last November, opinion has been divided on the question of whether pollsters should continue predicting election results. Here are the views of an editor, two poll-takers, and a communications scientist. By a vote of three to one, their answer to the question is “Yes!”

scholarly journals La disputa social por el Distrito Federal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Reyes del Campillo Lona
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Ruling Party

This paper analyzes the stages of the 2006 election in Mexico City and examines the social conflict that polarized the political figures as well as the electorate. It also talks about the selection process of the candidates, particularly those of the ruling party, as well as the campaigns and their impact on the public opinion polls and, finally, it analyzes the final results. The election showed an evident division or tension line among the electorate that entails a strong social and ideological content.

The Role Ubuntu Could Have Played in Restorative Justice in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Gibson Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The People ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
The Will ◽  
Missed Opportunity

This chapter is interested in how there has been a lack of transitional justice in Zimbabwe in the aftermath of the political disturbances and genocide of the early 1980s. The overarching argument is that the failure to recognise the value of Ubuntu has engendered a missed opportunity at transitional justice and healing of wounds, which were caused by the massacres. Ubuntu's three fundamental praxes, according to Samkange, are the three fundamental maxims: the respect and recognition of the humanity of others, the preservation of life (human and otherwise), and the importance of the will of the people in as far as governance is concerned. The failure, by ZANU-PF governments, to recognise the salience of these three maxims has led to the persistent marginalisation of ethnic minorities and also the violent impunity of governance characterised by human rights abuses. This chapter proposes an Afrocentric restorative justice model that is founded on the concept of Ubuntu and focuses on the salience of the spirit of humanity in managing human conflicts.

scholarly journals L'évolution de l'opinion publique belge : 1971-1974

Res Publica ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-371
Author(s):  
Nicole Delruelle-Vosswinkel
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Voting Intentions

The article presents some of the results of public opinion polls that were carried out as a part of a panel poll, organized by the «Institut Universitaire de Sondage d'Opinion Publique» and covering 1.500 belgian voters.The article specifically deals with the following items - the meaning of the votes shift between 1971 and 1974 (as far as voting intentions were concerned) ;- the moment at which voting decisions crystallized in the 10-3-74 elections;- the way in which the political climate was perceived, and the predominant cares voters had before the elections;- the impact of certain attitudes on votes shifting: an analysis of these processes (specifically by the latent class approach).

scholarly journals Crónica de un indulto humanitario (con gracia presidencial) anunciado = Chronicle of a humanitarian pardon (with a right of grace) foretold

2018 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Edgardo Rodríguez Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Alberto Fujimori ◽  
The Right

Resumen: El artículo analiza el proceso político y administrativo que condujo a la decisión del expresidente de la República del Perú, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, de otorgar un indulto humanitario y una gracia presidencial a favor de Alberto Fujimori Fujimori, condenado por graves violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas al encabezar el Poder Ejecutivo peruano en los años noventa del siglo pasado. Se revelan los argumentos jurídicos y políticos planteados por exfuncionarios del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de ese país, que advirtieron a los altos cargos de esa entidad las consecuencias de adoptar esas medidas, consagrando así la impunidad.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, Perú, impunidad, indulto humanitario, gracia presidencial.Abstract: This article reviews the political and administrative process that ended with the humanitarian pardon and the right of grace signed by the former President of Peru, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. His decision favoured Alberto Fujimori Fujimori, who was sentenced for grave human rights violations committed during his mandate as the head of the Peruvian government in 1990’s. Some legal and political arguments, held by high legal officers of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights warning the top authorities about impunity guaranteed by this decision, are revealed.Keywords: Human Rights, Peru, impunity, humanitarian pardon, right of grace.

scholarly journals Contradictions in perceiving corruption by Russia’s population and its presentation in the official discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Pavroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Introduction. The problem of corruption continues to be relevant in Russia. More research is needed to effectively combat corruption. Studying corruption in the context of general issues of contemporary Russian politics is particularly relevant in this regard . Purpose. The article is aimed at disclosing contradictions associated with perceiving corruption by the population of Russia and its representation in the official discourse. Methods. The author uses the following methods: analysis of statistical data, analysis of the results of public opinion polls, and discourse analysis. Scientific novelty of the research. The article demonstrates the discrepancy between citizens’ perceptions of corruption and their attitudes regarding power and the political regime. The author shows the inconsistency of the official discourse on corruption in Russia. Results. The article reveals the peculiarities of perceiving corruption by the population of Russia. Citizens’ perceptions of corruption correlate with their attitudes towards power and political regime. The author shows the key features of depicting corruption in the official discourse. Conclusions. Widespread perceptions of high levels of corruption have little impact on public support for the Russian political regime. In the mass consciousness, there is no understanding of the connection between corruption, an ineffective economy and a low standard of the population’s living. Corruption is not a significant factor in protest moods, although many causes of social discontent are somehow related to corruption. Reflections of corruption in official discourse are incomplete and internally inconsistent. The approaches to combating corruption proclaimed in the official discourse are not fully implemented in the current anti-corruption policy.

scholarly journals Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia di Masa Transisi Demokrasi: Kasus Afrika Selatan dan Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ilmar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Political System ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Political

Abstrak Penelitian ini hendak mengkaji tentang penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia di masa transisi demokrasi di Afrika Selatan dan Indonesia. Fenomena yang lazim terjadi pada era transisi dari rezim otoriter menuju rezim demokrasi yakni adanya tuntutan rakyat yang meminta pertanggungjawaban dari rezim otoriter atas praktik penyalahgunaan kekuasan negara di masa lalu. Apalagi hal tersebut menyangkut kejahatan kemanusiaan berupa pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia. Selanjutnya menjadi tantangan rezim di masa transisi untuk mengartikulasikan tuntutan tersebut dalam bentuk kebijakan politik sebagai wujud dari pelaksanaan keadilan transisional (transitional justice). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kebijakan politik dan proses pelaksanaan keadilan transisional dua negara yang tengah dalam transisi politik dari rezim otoriter menuju demokrasi, yakni Afrika Selatan sejak berakhirnya rezim apartheid awal tahun 1990-an dan Indonesia sejak jatuhnya rezim Soeharto tahun 1998. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sistem dan struktural untuk menganalisa proses politik perumusan dan pelaksanaan keadilan transisional di kedua negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisa komparatif desktiptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui telaah pustaka terhadap buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gagasan mengenai penegakan hak asasi manusia di Afrika Selatan dan Indonesia memiliki beberapa persamaan seperti pembentukan wadah melalui Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi. Namun di sisi lain terdapat perbedaan yang cukup kontras terkait peran elit rezim otoriter di masa transisi. Elit otoriter di Afrika Selatan yang masih berperan dalam sistem dan struktur politik memberikan dukungan terhadap proses penegakan keadilan transisional. Sebaliknya, di Indonesia elit otoriter yang masih menguasai sistem dan struktur politik terkesan menghambat proses penegakan keadilan transisional.   Kata Kunci; Demokrasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, Keadilan Transisional Abstract This research would like to analyze the human rights promotion during the democratic transition period in South Africa and Indonesia. The common phenomenon that happened during the transition period from authoritarian regime into democratic regime, is when the society were demanding the authoritarian regime to be responsible for their power abuses in the past. The power abuses refer to the human rights violations. Therefore it became the challenge for the new regime to articulate the people’s demand into political policies as a form of transitional justice. This research aimed to compare the political policies and transitional justice process between Indonesia and South Africa. The transition period happened in South Africa in 1990s when the apartheid regime ended, while in Indonesia was the collapse of the Soeharto’s regime in 1998. This paper used system and structural theory to analyze political process for arrangement and implementation of transitional justice for both countries. Research method used in this paper was qualitative research with comparative description as an analytical technic. Data gathering technic was done through literature review on related books. This research concluded the idea of human rights promotions in South Africa and Indonesia have several similarities, such as the establishment of human rights body named Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi (Truth and Reconciliation Commission). However on the other side, there was contrast difference regarding the role of the authoritarian elites in transitional period. Authoritarian elites in South Africa still had role in the political system and structure in giving support toward the establishment of transitional justice. In contrast, the authoritarian elites in Indonesia controlled the political system and structure to hamper the establishment of transitional justice. Keywords; Democracy, Human Rights, Transitional Justice

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