scholarly journals ​Okra Plant: A Multi-purpose Underutilized Vegetable Crop: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Gupta ◽  
Shamayita Patra
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Textile Fiber ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Medicinal Value

The plant kingdom has various species that are underutilised. Proper scientific approached help them to utilised for multiple end applications. Okra is one of such underutilized multi-purpose vegetable crop. Green immature okra fruits are consumed as a vegetable worldwide. Okra seed is a good source of oil and protein. Okra seeds are also used as a substitute for coffee. Okra roots are used for clarification of sugarcane juice. It has medicinal value as well as useful in wastewater treatment. Okra is also a potential source of natural fibers suitable for textile, paper and other engineering applications. The present paper reviewed the okra plant, its cultivation and applications in various form such as food, medicine, textile fiber, paper pulp, biomass, etc. for its introduction as a multi-purpose vegetable crop.

Influence of Contaminative Bacteria during Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Soybean Processing Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Na Zhong ◽  
Ya Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
The Relationship

Bacteria pollution is easy to happen during the treatment of wastewater by Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa). And it is the key technical problem in the engineering applications. It is necessary to find out the influence of bacteria during the process, and then formulate the control project of bacteria pollution. This paper mainly studied on the relationship between C. pyrenoidosa and bacteria, during the treatment of bean products wastewater. Comparing those relationship between three stains of bacteria and C. pyrenoidosa, we found that three stains of bacterial all have adverse impact on the growth of chlorella and adipose accumulate. And those three stains of bacterial have no definite influence on C. pyrenoidosa. According to the above results, the control of bacteria during the wastewater-treatment by C. pyrenoidosa should be based on the type of wastewater and the follow-up using of chlorella.

scholarly journals Sustainable Removal of Contaminants by Biopolymers: A Novel Approach for Wastewater Treatment. Current State and Future Perspectives

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Teresa Russo ◽  
Pierpaolo Fucile ◽  
Rosa Giacometti ◽  
Filomena Sannino
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Removal Of Contaminants ◽  
Living Organisms

Naturally occurring substances or polymeric biomolecules synthesized by living organisms during their entire life cycle are commonly defined as biopolymers. Different classifications of biopolymers have been proposed, focusing on their monomeric units, thus allowing them to be distinguished into three different classes with a huge diversity of secondary structures. Due to their ability to be easily manipulated and modified, their versatility, and their sustainability, biopolymers have been proposed in different fields of interest, starting from food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, (i.e., as excipients, gelling agents, stabilizers, or thickeners). Furthermore, due to their sustainable and renewable features, their biodegradability, and their non-toxicity, biopolymers have also been proposed in wastewater treatment, in combination with different reinforcing materials (natural fibers, inorganic micro- or nano-sized fillers, antioxidants, and pigments) toward the development of novel composites with improved properties. On the other hand, the improper or illegal emission of untreated industrial, agricultural, and household wastewater containing a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants represents a great risk to aquatic systems, with a negative impact due to their high toxicity. Among the remediation techniques, adsorption is widely used and documented for its efficiency, intrinsic simplicity, and low cost. Biopolymers represent promising and challenging adsorbents for aquatic environments’ decontamination from organic and inorganic pollutants, allowing for protection of the environment and living organisms. This review summarizes the results obtained in recent years from the sustainable removal of contaminants by biopolymers, trying to identify open questions and future perspectives to overcome the present gaps and limitations.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BENINCASA HISPIDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Ayubkhan ◽  
Dr Mathew George ◽  
Dr Lincy Joseph ◽  
Dr K Sujith
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Benincasa hispida is a well-known plant and is cultivated throughout the plains of india and on the hills upto 1200 meter altitude. It is a popular vegetable crop widely used for nutritional and medicinal properties especially in asian countries. Benincasa hispida fruit has been valued as a nutritious vegetable as it provide a good source for natural sugars,organic acid, amino acid,vitamins and mineral elements. Phytochemical constituents of this plant are mannitol, triterpenoids, cucurbitin, β-sitosterin, flavanoids, glycosides, carotenes, vitamins and uronic acid. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant exerted many pharmacological activities such as antiulcer, antihyperlipidemic, antihelmintic, antioxidant, neuropharmacological activity, diuretic activity. Keywords:  Benincasa hispida, antiulcer, diuretic, antihyperlipidemic, antihelminthic.

A Critical Review on Natural Fibers Modifications by Graft Copolymerization for Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Afifah Zubair ◽  
Rihab Musaad Moawia ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Martin Hubbe ◽  
Masoumeh Zakeri
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Natural Fibers

scholarly journals Development of a Portable Detection Method for Enteric Viruses from Ambient Air and Its Application to a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Matsubara ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Collection Medium

The ambient air from wastewater treatment plants has been considered as a potential source of pathogenic microorganisms to cause an occupational risk for the workers of the plants. Existing detection methods for enteric viruses from the air using a liquid as the collection medium therefore require special care to handle on-site. Knowledge accumulation on airborne virus risks from wastewater has been hindered by a lack of portable and handy collection methods. Enteric viruses are prevalent at high concentrations in wastewater; thus, the surrounding air may also be a potential source of viral transmission. We developed a portable collection and detection method for enteric viruses from ambient air and applied it to an actual wastewater treatment plant in Japan. Materials of the collection medium and eluting methods were optimized for real-time polymerase chain reaction-based virus quantification. The method uses a 4 L/min active air sampler, which is capable of testing 0.7–1.6 m3 air after 3–7 h sampling with a detection limit of 102 copies/m3 air in the field. Among 16 samples collected at five to seven locations in three sampling trials (November 2007–January 2008), 56% (9/16) samples were positive for norovirus (NV) GII, with the highest concentration of 3.2 × 103 copies/m3 air observed at the sampling point near a grit chamber. Adenoviruses (4/16), NV GI (6/16), FRNA bacteriophages GIII (3/16), and enteroviruses (3/16) were also detected but at lower concentrations. The virus concentration in the air was associated with that of the wastewater at each process. The results imply that the air from the sewer pipes or treatment process is contaminated by enteric viruses and thus special attention is needed to avoid accidental ingestion of viruses via air.

scholarly journals Pigmented maize - a potential source of β-carotene and α-tocopherol

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Anđelković ◽  
Jelena Masarović ◽  
Mirjana Srebrić ◽  
Snežana Mladenović Drinić
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Dark Orange ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Β Carotene

Among cereals, maize has the highest content of bioavailable micronutrients in grain, particularly β-carotene and α-tocopherol, which makes this crop the most appropriate for biofortification. Great genetic variability is a valuable source of micronutrients, and genotypes with enhanced grain content could be used for improvement of commercial hybrids or synthetic populations creation. Three populations with dark orange, dark red and red grain, five elite lines, and their crosses were evaluated for β-carotene and α-tocopherol content. Based on obtained results, line (L5) could be further used in breeding for increased β-carotene content, and population with dark orange grain (P1) is recommended as a good source for multi-nutrient biofortification for both β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Three lines (L1, L2 and L5) had significantly higher value of α-tocopherol in crosses with dark red population (P2), compared to lines per se, and require several cycles of back-crossing for increase nutrient content.

scholarly journals Masonry walls retrofitted with natural fibers under tsunami loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fabbrocino ◽  
Stefano Belliazzi ◽  
Giancarlo Ramaglia ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the last decades, several tsunamis hit international coasts and engaged scientific awareness to the retrofit of coastal buildings against tsunami loads. Structural design under tsunami loads is difficult due to the high uncertainties of the phenomenon. Local collapse mechanisms of masonry walls, like as out of plane mechanisms, have an high probability due to flexural actions; a higher flexural capacity can be reached using specific retrofit systems; in particular, this paper aims to deepen the behavior of masonry walls retrofitted with innovative retrofit systems like as natural fibers applied with inorganic mortar matrices. The retrofit of structures under tsunami actions could be an innovative research topic for international research community dealing with coastal buildings located in areas characterized by a high tsunami risk. Recent engineering applications demonstrated the innovative strengthening systems to be effective for the retrofit of existing masonry buildings. These strengthening systems are of great interest in the practical applications due to the low costs and their sustainability. In fact, the lower costs compared to the synthetic fibers allow their diffusion in emerging countries. In a first part the impact of constituents on the structural capacity of masonry elements strengthened with natural systems has been discussed. Important results have been provided in order to improve the knowledge and encourage the development of these systems in many engineering applications. Finally, the effects of retrofit systems on masonry walls under tsunami loads will be discussed in terms of critical inundation depth variations before and after the interventions.

A Review of Chemical Treatments on Natural Fibers-Based Hybrid Composites for Engineering Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Sudeepan Jayapalan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Water Absorption Property

The development of hybrid-fiber-reinforced composites has increased in recent decades because of its abundance, low cost, low weight, high strength, stiffness, and bio-degradability, thereby increasing its engineering applications. However, the major drawbacks of natural fibers in composites are their high moisture absorption and poor compatibility between fiber and matrix. Hence, chemical treatments are primarily considered to modify the fiber surfaces with the objective to improve interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. This chapter addresses an overview of chemical treatments and their effects on natural fibers-based hybrid composites are reviewed. The chemical treatments include alkali, silane, maleated, and others, focused mainly on hybrid natural fiber composites. The significance of chemical treatment of natural fibers aimed to improve adhesion between fiber surface and matrix along with reduction in water absorption property to improve physical and mechanical properties as compared with untreated fibers for use in components of engineering applications is explored.

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