Effect of propylene glycol on fertility of postpartum dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a daily oral drench of Propylene Glycol (PG) on fertility in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress. In treatment group, cows (n=9) were treated with drenching 250 ml propylene glycol once daily from 3 to 15 days post-partum following the morning milking. Another group of cows (n=9) was selected as untreated control. The serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were used as indicators of energy status of the cows. Days to onset of luteal activity, calving to first service interval and pregnancy rate to first service were used to evaluate the reproductive performance. There was no difference in onset of luteal activity postpartum between the treatment and control groups. But the cows in the treatment group tended to have shorter intervals from calving to first insemination compared with cows in control group. The pregnancy rate to first service for cows treated with PG was 2.50 times greater compared with cows in control group. The energy balance was less negative for treatment group compared with control cows. In conclusion, although, drenching with 250 mL of PG per day from 3 to 15 days after calving did not improve the onset of luteal activity postpartum, treated cows tended to have shorter intervals from calving until first service. Propylene glycol administration would improve the negative energy balance status as observed by serum BHBA concentration, which might be an advantage to increase pregnancy rate at first AI in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress.

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REDUCTION OF THE VOLUNTARY WAITING PERIOD BY USE OF HORMONAL PROTOCOLS AND FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (FTAI) IN DAIRY COWS

Archives of Veterinary Science ◽

10.5380/avs.v17i3.21676 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miriane Suplicy ◽

Haroldo Suplicy Filho ◽

Luiz Ernandes Kozicki ◽

José Carlos dos Santos Breda ◽

Romildo Romualdo Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Post Partum ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Control Group ◽

Waiting Period ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Voluntary Waiting Period

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to reduce the waiting voluntary period in dairy cows by administration of two different hormonal protocols for estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). One hundred twenty-eight Holstein dairy cows were studied. Three groups (G) were carried out: G1 (44 treated), G2 (34 treated) and G3 (50 as control). In the treated cows the following hormonal protocols was applied between 40 and 45 days post partum: G1- Day 0 (D0) - bovine intravaginal device containing progesterone (P4) plus 1.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB), D8 - removal of the P4, plus 0.5 mg of cloprostenol plus 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), D9 - 1.0 mg of EB and FTAI after 36 hours. G2 - D0 - P4 intravaginal plus 50 mcg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), D7 - removal of the P4 plus cloprostenol plus 400 IU eCG; D9 - 50 mcg of GnRH and FTAI 16 hours after. G3 – Control group inseminated 12 hours after the visual estrus. Results: G1 and G2 were inseminated (FTAI) respectively in the D55.5 and D56.8 after calving, while the G3 in the D84.5 (p<0.01). The pregnancy rate in the G1, G2 and G3 was respectively 47.0, 46.1 and 35.8% (p>0.05). In Conclusion: there was significant reduction in the voluntary waiting period in treated cows and higher pregnancy rate although not significant.

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Milk fatty acid profile related to energy balance in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029911000550 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 479-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Josef Gross ◽

Hendrika A van Dorland ◽

Rupert M Bruckmaier ◽

Frieder J Schwarz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

De Novo ◽

Post Partum ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Energy Status

Milk fatty acid (FA) profile is a dynamic pattern influenced by lactational stage, energy balance and dietary composition. In the first part of this study, effects of the energy balance during the proceeding lactation [weeks 1–21 post partum (pp)] on milk FA profile of 30 dairy cows were evaluated under a constant feeding regimen. In the second part, effects of a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction on milk FA profile were studied in 40 multiparous dairy cows (20 feed-restricted and 20 control). Feed restriction (energy balance of −63 MJ NEL/d, restriction of 49 % of energy requirements) lasted 3 weeks starting at around 100 days in milk. Milk FA profile changed markedly from week 1 pp up to week 12 pp and remained unchanged thereafter. The proportion of saturated FA (predominantly 10:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0) increased from week 1 pp up to week 12 pp, whereas monounsaturated FA, predominantly the proportion of 18:1,9c decreased as NEB in early lactation became less severe. During the induced NEB, milk FA profile showed a similarly directed pattern as during the NEB in early lactation, although changes were less marked for most FA. Milk FA composition changed rapidly within one week after initiation of feed restriction and tended to adjust to the initial composition despite maintenance of a high NEB. C18:1,9c was increased significantly during the induced NEB indicating mobilization of a considerable amount of adipose tissue. Besides 18:1,9c, changes in saturated FA, monounsaturated FA, de-novo synthesized and preformed FA (sum of FA >C16) reflected energy status in dairy cows and indicated the NEB in early lactation as well as the induced NEB by feed restriction.

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Effects of propylene glycol supplementation on blood indicators of hepatic function, body condition score, milk fat-protein concentration and reproductive performance of dairy cows

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201483010027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silviu Ionuţ Borş ◽

Gheorghe Solcan ◽

Alina Vlad-Sabie

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Post Partum ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Condition Score ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of propylene glycol on metabolic variables of hepatic function, body condition score, milk fat-protein concentration and reproductive performance of dairy cows after ending administration. Postparturient dairy cows (n = 200) of Holstein Friesian breed were divided into two groups of 100 individuals. The experimental group received during days 0-7 post partum an oral daily dose of 600 ml of propylene glycol; the control group was without any supplement. The hepatic enzymes, glucose, cholesterol and serum albumin were measured on days 10-15, 45-50 and 70 post partum. Reproduction indicators of dairy cows were calculated from the farm recording data and the milk data record from a regular dairy control (days 10, 20, 30, and 50 post partum). Animals that received propylene glycol in the first 7 days post partum had reduced activities of aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, elevated cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05) and low milk fat percentage (P < 0.05) compared to control animals. Direct influence of propylene glycol drenching on the calving to first oestrus interval was observed, the smallest values being detected for the cows in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that some blood indicators of hepatic function, milk fat concentration and calving to first oestrus interval can be improved for 70 days post partum by the use of propylene glycol drenching in the first 7 days post partum. The beneficial effect of this treatment could be evaluated by easily available data, which can be used by practitioners in the field to analyze fertility problems in dairy herds and more exactly to examine whether metabolic stress, among other factors, is involved in the fertility problem.

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Efficacy of propylene glycol on prevention and treatment of ketosis for dairy cows in lactation stage

The Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.52997/jad.4.02.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 28-35

Author(s):

Hai T. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Block Design ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Untreated Control Group ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Prevention And Treatment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of propylene glycol (PG) on prevention and treatment of ketosis in dairy cows from 09/2018 to 03/2019. The study consisted of 2 experiments using a total of 126 multiparous dairy cows in a HF crossbred herd. Cows in both experiments were randomly assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. In Exp. 1, 96 cows without ketosis disease (BHBA < 1.4 mmol/L) were assigned to 2 groups (48 cows/group), including (1) untreated control group (no PG) and (2) treatment group (oral PG for 3 consecutive days after parturition). In Exp. 2, 30 ketotic cows (BHBA ≥ 1.4 mmol/L) were divided into 3 groups (10 cows/group), including (1) cows provided with glucose + vitamin B12 + dexamethasone (TT1), (2) cows treated with PG for 3 days (TT2), and (3) combination of TT1 and TT2 (TT3). The results of the Exp. 1 showed that the proportion of ketotic cows was lower (P < 0.01) in the PG-treated group (18.75%) than in the control group (47.92%). The PG treatment also reduced (P < 0.01) the blood ketone concentration of cows as compared with the control without PG use (0.89 vs. 1.22 mmol/L). In the Exp. 2, after treatment the reduction of blood ketone concentration was much greater (P < 0.01) in TT3 cows (1.97 mmol/L) than in TT2 cows (1.30 mmol/L) and TT1 cows (1.23 mmol/L). The percentage of cows recovered from ketosis was greatest in TT3 (90%), followed by TT2 (60%), and then TT1 (50%) (P > 0.05).

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Induction and Formation of Accessory Corpus Luteum after Artificial Insemination (AI) Might Increase Pregnancy Rate per AI in Heat Stressed Dairy Cows

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Boris Stojanov ◽

Branko Atanasov ◽

Juraj Grizelj ◽

Silvio Vince ◽

Martin Nikolovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Post Partum ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Humidity Index ◽

The Moment

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate whether the induction and the formation of an accessory corpus luteum (CL) after AI might increase the pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in heat stressed dairy cows. Starting at d 50±3 post-partum, 113 lactating Holstein cows from one commercial herd during summer were scored for body condition, blood sampled and examined by ultrasound. Those bearing a CL>25mm and progesterone (P4) level>2ng/mL were synchronized using a double PGF2α injection given 12 h apart and AI-ed at detected estrus. In total 18 cows, there were not any signs of estrus (n=10) nor a P4 level <2ng/mL at the time of enrolment (n=8) and therefore they were excluded from the study, leading to 95 cows finally enrolled.. At d5 post-AI, cows were randomly allocated into 2 groups: control group (CON, n=45) without any additional treatment, and treatment group (GnRH, n=50), treated with 0.008 mg Buserelin – a GnRH agonist. Blood sampling and ultrasound examination were done at d5, d14 and at d21 after AI, whereas the pregnancy diagnosis was done at d21 and d30 after AI. Average daily temperature and relative humidity values were used to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). The average THI during the experiment was 79.5±0.6. At d5, no differences were observed neither between the number of the CL nor between the P4 level in both groups. At d14 and d21, 82% of the GnRH-treated cows had more than one CL versus 0% of the CON cows. Both at d14 and 21, GnRH-treated cows had higher P4 levels compared to the CON cows (p<0.05). In addition, P/AI were higher in the GnRH group than in the CON group (65% vs. 48.3%, p<0.05), whereas late embryonic losses were higher in CON in comparison to GnRH cows (10.6 vs. 4%, respectively). The BCS at the moment of insemination did not affect P/AI (p>0.05). In conclusion, the induction of an accessory CL at d 5 after AI might increase P/AI in heat stressed dairy cows.

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Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2017.691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro D'Emilio ◽

Simona M.C. Porto ◽

Giovanni Cascone ◽

Marco Bella ◽

Marco Gulino

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Sprinkler System ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Control Group ◽

Forced Ventilation ◽

Cooling Systems

This paper presents the results of a research study which had the objective of investigating the effect of a sprinkler system coupled with forced ventilation on the heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free stall barn without paddock. To this aim, an experiment was carried out inside a free-stall dairy house equipped with two different cooling systems: a fogging system associated with forced ventilation in the resting area and a sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation in the feeding alley. The experiment regarded two adjacent pens of the barn and was constituted by three different trials carried out in the following periods: 27th June – 7th July (P1), 25th July – 4th August (P2), 24th August – 3rd September (P3). The experimental protocol of each trial required that the treatment group was housed in one pen where the two cooling systems were always activated following an established timetable, whereas the control group was housed in the other pen, where the sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation was always deactivated. Climatic parameters were measured inside each pen of the barn and outside. Then, thermal humidity index (THI) was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate of a sample of dairy cows were monitored each day during the three periods considered (P1, P2 and P3). During the three trials the cows of both groups were subjected to climatic conditions that resulted in average daily THI values between 72.8 and 74.7, corresponding to mild or moderate heat stress. However, during daytime, air temperature and relative humidity reached values corresponding to a severe heat stress, as attested by the maximum THI values that were higher than or very close to 80. Furthermore, it was observed that the sprinklers do not influence the microclimatic conditions. However, the physiological parameters values of the treatment group were always significantly lower than the corresponding ones of the control group. Specifically, the system especially influenced the respiration rate that, in the treatment group, was close to 50 breath/min, while in the control group it reached 70 breath/min. The sprinkler system had more limited effects on rectal temperature that, however, in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group (38.7°C to 38.8°C vs 39.1°C 39.4°C) in all the three periods of the experiment. These results show that the sprinkler system could be useful to mitigate heat stress in dairy cows.

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Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702006062 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1039-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

H. CHABROL, ◽

F. TEISSEDRE, ◽

M. SAINT-JEAN, ◽

N. TEISSEYRE, ◽

B. ROGÉ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Post Partum ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Partum Depression ◽

Cognitive Behavioural ◽

Post Natal Depression ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Probable Depression

Background. Research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of prevention and treatment for post-partum depression.Method. Subjects were screened with the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the obstetric clinic. Mothers at risk (N = 258) (EPDS scores [ges ]9) were randomly assigned to a prevention/treatment group or a control group. The prevention group received one cognitive-behavioural prevention session during hospitalization. At 4 to 6 weeks post-partum, subjects were screened again with the EPDS, after drop-out rates (refusals plus no return of the second EPDS) of 25.4% (33/130) in the intervention group and 10.9% (14/128) in the control group. Mothers with probable depression (EPDS scores [ges ]11) were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Mothers with major depression continued in the treatment group (N = 18) or in the control group (N = 30). Treated subjects received a cognitive-behavioural programme of between five and eight weekly home-visits.Results. Compared with the control group, women in the prevention group had significant reductions in the frequency of probable depression (30.2% v. 48.2%). Recovery rates based on HDRS scores of <7 and BDI scores of <4 were also significantly greater in the treated group than in the control group.Conclusions. The study suggests that this programme for prevention and treatment of post-partum depression is reasonably well-accepted and efficacious.

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Chronic heat stress regulates the relation between heat shock protein and immunity in broiler small intestine

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75885-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharif Hasan Siddiqui ◽

Darae Kang ◽

Jinryong Park ◽

Mousumee Khan ◽

Kwanseob Shim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Negative Effect

Abstract Chronic heat stress is considered to decrease the immune functions which makes negative effect on broiler growth performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between chronic heat stress, growth performance, and immunity in the small intestine of broilers. The study included two groups (control and heat stressed group) with eight replications per group. Ten broilers of 20-day aged were allocated in each replication. On day 35, the treatment group was subdivided into two groups based on their body weights (heavy and low body weight). Although, there was only the control and treatment group on day 28. The growth performance decreased and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP60, and HSP47 increased on days 28 and 35 in the chronic heat stress group as compared with those in the control group. The expression levels of HSPs were significantly higher in the low body weight group than in the control group. The genes HSP70 and HSP60 were significantly associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine of the broilers of the treatment group. Thus, HSP70 and HSP60 activated the adaptive immunity in the small intestines of the broilers from the treatment group to allow adaptation to chronic heat stress environment.

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