First Molecular Study of Caprine Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Central India

Background: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi among goat in field is still challenging due to scarce information on clinical manifestation and non availability of rapid reliable diagnostics. Molecular test such as PCR employed to diagnose the T. evansi with accuracy in both blood and tissues. Limited reports are available from different parts of the country on natural infection of T. evansi in goat. Mainly subclinical form of disease occurred in goats owing to low level of parasitaemia of T. evansi. Methods: A Jamunapari goat aged 1.5 years and weighing ~25 Kg was suffering from circling movement, pale conjunctiva and anorexia and was found positive for T. evansi by buffy coat examination and polymerase chain reaction. Diminazene aceturate was given intramuscularly as 7% water solution at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg b.wt. After 3 days, blood smear and buffy coat were negative for T. evansi and no band was found after running the product on 1.7% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Result: The present study reveals first time report on caprine trypanosomosis from central India by conventional and PCR technique and placed on record. Hence, the goat should also be taken into consideration for control of trypanosomosis as goats are an important source of infection to other animals due to their reservoir nature for T. evansi.

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Evaluasi Pemberian Obat Diminazene Aceturate Secara In Vivo Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinfeksi Isolat Trypanosoma evansi

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.43100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Reza Yesica ◽

Bambang Sutrisno ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Test Dose ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Negative Results ◽

Central Java ◽

And Control

Abstract Surra's disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi parasite has been established as one of the strategic infectious animal diseases. Drug resistance in this case is one of the major challenges in handle and control them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the provision drug resistance diminazene aceturate (Tryponil®) on Trypanosoma evansi isolate from Pemalang and Brebes Central Java province with in vivo test in mice. Total 50 mice, BALB / c strain, male, 2 months, body weight ± 30 gram are obtained from LPPT-UGM, adapted for one week. Mice were divided into 10 groups consist of 5 each. Each mouse was infected with Trypanosoma evansi by intraperitonial route. Treatment was given when mice had reached the level of parasitemia 108 – 109 trypanosoma / mL of blood this was predicted 24 hours post-infection (Eisler et al., 2001). The administration of the drug tryapanosidal was done intraperitonial with doses 1mg/kg, 3mg / kg, 5 mg / kg and 7mg / kg. Observation of parasitemia did every 2 times in one week till 60 days of observation. Parasitemia observation was performed using 3 techniques. The first method was native examination used a microscope, if the negative results would be followed by MHCT (Microhaematocrit centrifugation Technique) and BCT (Buffy Coat Technique) according to OIE (2012). Data obtained from the treatment group were the level of parasitemia, the number of deaths and the number of live mice from each test dose. The results are analysed by standard logit or probit. The results of this study showed the effects of the drug Dimianzene aceturate on both isolates varied. On Brebes Isolate was effective at doses of 7 mg / kg BW (100%) and 5mg / kg BW (80%), whereas in the effective dose Pemalang isolate at 3 mg dose / kg BW (80%), 5 and 7 mg / kg BW (100%). While at the lowest dose of 1 mg / kg obtained a level of effectiveness of 0% in both isolates. It could be concluded that both isolates have different pathogens and indicate resistance subpopulation to diminazene aceturate.Keywords : diminazene aceturate, in vivo, resistance, Trypanosoma evansi.

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CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY OF Babesia spp. OF NATURAL INFECTION IN DRAGGING HORSES AT SOME AREAS OF BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v50i3.707 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Faraj & et al.

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Molecular Study ◽

High Rate ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Phylogenic Tree ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Pcr Method ◽

First Time

The present study was planned to investigate equine babesiosis in dragging horses in Baghdad city, Iraq by using microscopical and molecular (PCR) techniques. 150 blood samples of horses examined for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. 16.66% (25/150) were positive by microscopic examination. No significant difference was observed in infection rates between male and female horses and among different age groups. The result showed that PCR method has high rate of infection36% (9/25). Nine positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in Genebank data base for first time in Iraq, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 5 sequences belongs to T. equi (MK350319, MK346272, MK346273, MK346274 and MK36275), while 4 sequence (MK346276, MK346277, MK346278 and MK350318) belongs to B. caballi, and mounted a low genetic variation 0.035 and 0.05 respectively, among other comparison isolates. In conclusion PCR technique followed by phylogenic tree analysis a reliable methods for epidemiological, diagnosis and identification of genetic variants studies.

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Genetic and parasitological identification of Trypanosoma evansi infecting cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.113-119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Agus Setiawan ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Dwi Priyowidodo ◽

Rina Tri Budiati ◽

Desy Sylvia Ratna Susanti

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Its2 Region ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background and Aim: Sulawesi is an Indonesian island located within the Wallacea region that contains a distinctive mix of Asian and Australasian species. This distinctiveness extends to parasites, including Trypanosoma evansi, the cause of surra. Surra has non-specific clinical signs such as anemia, anorexia, weight loss, drop in milk production, and reproductive disorders which cause economic losses. Due to the trade of livestock, surra has spread in Indonesia from one island to another. The aim of this study was to investigate the trypanosomes infecting cattle in South Sulawesi, using internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 whole blood samples were collected from cattle in Makassar, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. All samples were tested using conventional parasitological methods (CPT), namely, thin blood smear, buffy coat smears, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Positive PCR results were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Results: Only one of the 100 samples was found to be positive with microscopic observation; however, PCR analysis revealed that 3% (3/100) of samples were positive. Sequencing identified the positive samples as T. evansi, China isolate (KU552344), with a homology of 99%. Two out of three sequences showed variations in ITS2 region. Conclusion: Based on CPT and molecular analysis, T. evansi isolates from infected cattle in South Sulawesi demonstrate genetic diversity of ITS2 sequences.

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Reemerging of natural infection by Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Arari, Marajó Island, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160047 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2170-2176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Josileide Araújo da Silva ◽

Tarcísio Oliveira Domiciano ◽

Daniele Pina Montão ◽

Paulo Geovani Silva Sousa ◽

Leandro Lopes Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

White Pulp ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Marajó Island ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Cut Surface

ABSTRACT: Two outbreaks of trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma evansi in horses in the municipality of Chaves, Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil are reported. The first outbreak occurred in April 2011 in a farm with 147 horses; of these, 47 (31.97%) got sick, and 40 (27.21%) died. The second outbreak occurred in May 2012 and involved nine properties. Of a total of 679 horses, 209 (30.07%) got sick, and 183 (26.97%) died. The main clinical signs observed in these horses were weight loss, abdominal edema, toe dragging, and pelvic muscle atrophy. Necropsy was performed in two horses, one from each outbreak. Macroscopic alterations were not seen in the horse from the first outbreak; however, the horse from the second outbreak exhibited emaciation, pallor and icterus, as well as enlarged spleen with prominent white pulp at cut surface. Histopathology of the central nervous system of both animals revealed mild to severe, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis, with presence of Mott cells. Immunohistochemistry for T. evansi revealed structures similar to intralesional trypomastigote forms. Between November and December of 2013, an epidemiological survey was carried out in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Arari, Santa Cruz do Arari, Salvaterra, Soure, and Chaves. Only Santa Cruz do Arari and Chaves had reported cases of the disease. Blood samples were collected from 243 horses for detection of T. evansi DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 20 were positive.

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Parasitological and molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle, goats and sheep in Somalia

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118202000178x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 (14) ◽

pp. 1786-1791

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle ◽

Abdalla M. Ibrahim ◽

Hamisi S. Nyingilili ◽

Abdulkarim A. Yusuf ◽

Rafael F. C. Vieira

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Control Measures ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Animal Trypanosomiasis ◽

And Control

AbstractAfrican animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects the livestock of 12.3 million Somalis and constrains their development and wellbeing. There is missing data on AAT in the country after the civil war of the 1990s. Therefore, this study has aimed to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in 614 blood samples from cattle (n = 202), goats (n = 206) and sheep (n = 206) in Afgoye and Jowhar districts, Somalia using parasitological and molecular methods. Twenty-one out of 614 (3.4%; 95% CI: 2.1–5.2%) and 101/614 (16.4%; 95% CI: 13.6–19.6%) ruminants were positive for Trypanosoma spp. by buffy coat technique (BCT) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Using ITS1-PCR, the highest prevalence was observed in cattle (23.8%; 95% CI: 18.4–30.1%) followed by goats (17.5%; 95% CI: 12.9–23.3%) and sheep (8.3%; 95% CI: 5.1–12.9%). A total of 74/101 (73.3%; 95% CI: 63.5–81.6%) ruminants were shown coinfection with at least two Trypanosome species. The four T. brucei-positive samples have tested negative for T. b. rhodesiense, by the human-serum-resistance-associated-PCR. Trypanosoma evansi, T. godfreyi, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. simiae and T. congolense were the Trypanosoma species found in this study. This is the first study on the molecular detection of Trypanosoma sp. in ruminants in Somalia. Further investigations and control measures are needed to manage Trypanosomiasis spreading in the country. Studies should also focus on the detection of T. b. rhodesiense in the country.

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A Study of the Efficiency of Modern Domestic Disinfectants in the System of TB Control Activities

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.02.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Paliy ◽

A. Zavgorodniy ◽

B. Stegniy ◽

A. Gerilovych

Keyword(s):

Molecular Genetic ◽

Critical Role ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Tb Control ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Control ◽

Chemical Groups ◽

Test Objects

Due to the absence of elaborated effi cient means for specifi c prevention of bovine tuberculosis, it is ex- tremely important to detect and eliminate the source of infection and to take veterinary and sanitary preven- tive measures. Here the critical role is attributed to disinfection, which breaks the epizootic chain due to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and involves the application of disinfectants of different chemical groups. Aim. To study the tuberculocidal properties of new disinfectants DZPT-2 and FAG against atypical mycobacteria Mycobacterium fortitum and a TB agent Mycobacterium bovis. Methods. The bacteriological and molecular-genetic methods were used. Results. It was determined that DZPT-2 prepara- tion has bactericidal effect on M. fortuitum when used in the concentration of 2.0 % of the active ingredient (AI) when exposed for 5–24 h, while disinfectant FAG has a bactericidal effect in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h. Disinfectant DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of the AI, when exposed for 5–24 h, and FAG preparation in the concentration of 2.0 %, when exposed for 24 h, and with the norm of consump- tion rate of 1 cubic decimeter per 1 square meter disinfect the test-objects (batiste, wood, glazed tile, metal, glass), contaminated with the TB agent M. bovis. Conclusions. Disinfecting preparations of DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of AI when exposed for 5 h and FAG in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h may be used in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent and control TB of farm ani- mals. The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction as an additional method of estimating tuberculo- cide activity of disinfectants was proven.

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Cyathodium denticulatum Udar et Srivastava: A rare liverwort new to Chhattisgarh, Central India

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5882 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 171-174

Author(s):

Ashwini Kumar Dixit ◽

Mery Aradhna Kerketta

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Central India ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Taxonomic Description ◽

First Time ◽

Eastern Himalayan Region

This article reports the occurrence of the thalloid liverwort Cyathodium denticulatum Udar et Srivastava was collected first time from the Achanakmar – Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. It is shown that Cyathodium denticulatum a narrow Himalayan endemic has been reported earlier from Darjeeling, India. There is no record of its occurrence from central India. Cyathodium denticulatum is a rare species known only from eastern Himalayan region. A key to related Indian taxa and taxonomic description is provided.

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Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1149

Author(s):

Dina M. Metwally ◽

Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽

Najwa Altwaijry ◽

Samia Q. Alghamdi ◽

Abdullah D. Alanazi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Camelus Dromedarius ◽

18S Ribosomal Rna ◽

18S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Pcr Targeting

We analyzed the blood from 400 one-humped camels, Camelus dromedarius (C. dromedarius), in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia to determine if they were infected with the parasite Trypanosoma spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene was used to detect the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in the camels. Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) was detected in 79 of 200 camels in Riyadh, an infection rate of 39.5%, and in 92 of 200 camels in Al-Qassim, an infection rate of 46%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated T. evansi was closely related to the T. evansi that was detected in C. dromedarius in Egypt and the T. evansi strain B15.1 18S ribosomal RNA gene identified from buffalo in Thailand. A BLAST search revealed that the sequences are also similar to those of T. evansi from beef cattle in Thailand and to T. brucei B8/18 18S ribosomal RNA from pigs in Nigeria.

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Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV among Rural Populations and Kaposi’s Sarcoma Patients in Gabon, Central Africa. Review of the Geographical Distribution of HHV-8 K1 Genotypes in Africa

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13020175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Antony Idam Mamimandjiami ◽

Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé ◽

Jill-Léa Ramassamy ◽

Délia Doreen Djuicy ◽

Philippe V. Afonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽

Molecular Diversity ◽

Central Africa ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Herpesvirus 8 ◽

Nuclear Antigens ◽

Polymerase Chain

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of all forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). K1 gene studies have identified five major molecular genotypes with geographical clustering. This study described the epidemiology of HHV-8 and its molecular diversity in Gabon among Bantu and Pygmy adult rural populations and KS patients. Plasma antibodies against latency-associated nuclear antigens (LANA) were searched by indirect immunofluorescence. Buffy coat DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a K1 gene fragment. We studied 1020 persons; 91% were Bantus and 9% Pygmies. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 48.3% and 36.5% at the 1:40 and 1:160 dilution thresholds, respectively, although the seroprevalence of HHV-8 is probably higher in Gabon. These seroprevalences did not differ by sex, age, ethnicity or province. The detection rate of HHV-8 K1 sequence was 2.6% by PCR. Most of the 31 HHV-8 strains belonged to the B genotype (24), while the remaining clustered within the A5 subgroup (6) and one belonged to the F genotype. Additionally, we reviewed the K1 molecular diversity of published HHV-8 strains in Africa. This study demonstrated a high seroprevalence of HHV-8 in rural adult populations in Gabon and the presence of genetically diverse strains with B, A and also F genotypes.

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