Effects of polyphenol rich bamboo leaf on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas production in an in vitro condition

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-771 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Jafari ◽

Y.M. Goh ◽

M. A. Rajion ◽

M. Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Methane Gas ◽

Alfalfa Hay

The aim of this study was to test the effect of bamboo leaf (BL) on rumen methane gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics, in vitro. Different amounts of BL; CON (0 %), Low BL (LBL, 10 %), Medium BL (MBL, 15%) and High BL (HBL, 25%) of replacement with alfalfa hay (AH) in substrate (50 % concentrate + 50 % AH) were mixed with 30 millilitre (mL) of buffered rumen liquor for 48 h of incubation. Total gas production (mL/250 mg DM) was not affected (P>0.05) among BL treatment groups at different times of incubation. Production of methane gas (mL/250mg DM) decreased at a declining rate (P less than 0.05) with higher BL levels. Methane gas inhibitory effects of BL treatment groups as compared with CON were; 29%, 35% and 62% for LBL, MBL and HBL, respectively. The ratio of acetic/propionic was lowest (P less than 0.05) for HBL (1.67) as compared to CON (2.09).

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PSIX-8 Evaluation of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.785 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 393-394

Author(s):

Adebayo O Oni ◽

Bobby-Joe Ogadu ◽

Azeez O Yusuf ◽

A Adebowale ◽

Oluwakemi Oni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

West African ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Methane Gas

Abstract Recently, bioactive component of plant and plant parts have been used as rumen modifier to reduce methane gas production in ruminant livestock so as to reduce their contribution to the implicated greenhouse effect. This study therefore, evaluated the potential of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks. Fresh C. odorata leaves were harvested, air dried (3 weeks), milled using a 2mm sieve size and bagged for both proximate and phytochemical analysis. Concentrate diets were formulated with C. odorata leaf meal included in the diet at 0, 2, 4 and 6% of the whole diet. Rumen fluids were collected from West African dwarf (WAD) bucks (averaged 25kg) using suction tube and randomly allotted to the 4 experimental diets in a Completely Randomized Design. Incubation of inoculums was done for 96hrs with 12 replicates per treatment in a single run. Data obtained were analyzed using a One-way Analysis of Variance and means compared using Tukey’s Test. Results indicated that C. odorata had 969.0mg/kg dry matter, 175.1mg/kg crude protein, 204.3mg/kg crude fibre, 521.6mg/kg nitrogen free extract, 19.9 mg/kg saponin, 25.7 mg/kg tannin, 10.8mg/kg flavonoid and 12.6 mg/kg alkaloid. The addition of 2 and 4% C. odorata to the diets resulted in increased (P < 0.05) in vitro gas production while C. odorata at 2 % reduced (P < 0.05) the methane gas (%) estimate. In vitro organic and dry matter digestibilities, total digestible substrates and short chain fatty acids were increased (P < 0.05) with C. odorata addition to the diets. This study concluded that the use of C. odorata as an additive at 2 and 4% inclusion increased total gas output; however, 2% inclusion will be beneficial as it reduced the methane output while maintaining higher gas production and digestibility.

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Effect of Replacing Alfalfa Hay with Acacia Foliage on the Growth Performance, In Vitro Gas Production and Rumen Fermentation in Goats

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.17582/journal.aavs/2019/7.9.738.744 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M. El-Waziry ◽

Saeid M. Basmaeil ◽

Abdallah N. Al-Owaimer ◽

Hassan M. Metwally ◽

Muttaher H. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

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In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of goat and sheep supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15684 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1607 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. C. L. Candyrine ◽

M. F. Jahromi ◽

M. Ebrahimi ◽

J. B. Liang ◽

Y. M. Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽

Alfalfa Hay

An in vitro gas-production study was conducted to compare differences in rumen fermentation characteristics and the effect of supplementation of 4% linseed oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the rumen fermentation profile in rumen fluid collected from goats and sheep. Rumen fluid for each species was obtained from two male goats of ~18 months old and two sheep of similar sex and age fed the similar diet containing 30% alfalfa hay and 70% concentrates. The substrate used for the fermentation was alfalfa hay and concentrate mixture (30:70) without (control) and with addition of linseed oil. The experiment was a two (inoculums) × two (oil levels) factorial experiment, with five replicates per treatment, and was repeated once. Rumen fermentation characteristics, including pH, fermentation kinetics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and microbial population were examined. Results of the study showed that gas-production rate (c), IVOMD, VFA production and population of total bacteria and two cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) from rumen fluid of goat were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of samples from sheep. Irrespective of sources of inoculums, addition of oil did not affect fermentation capacity, IVOMD and total VFA production. The higher B. fibrisolvens population (associated with bio-hydrogenation) in rumen fluid of goat seems to suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids are more prone to bio-hydrogention in the rumen of goat than in sheep. This assumption deserves further investigation.

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Effects of pre-incubation in sheep and goat saliva on in vitro rumen digestion of tanniferous browse foliage

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185961300018x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 151 (6) ◽

pp. 898-906

Author(s):

H. AMMAR ◽

R. BODAS ◽

J. S. GONZÁLEZ ◽

A. Z. M. SALEM ◽

F. J. GIRÁLDEZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Parotid Saliva ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Fermentation Kinetics ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Parotid Duct

SUMMARYA two-stage in vitro procedure was used for assessing the activity of parotid saliva to enhance rumen digestion of tanniniferous browse foliage. The procedure consisted of pre-incubation in saliva for 4 h at 39 °C followed by incubation in diluted buffered rumen fluid. Using this procedure, a study was conducted to examine the effects of pre-incubation in sheep (SS), quebracho-supplemented sheep (qSS) and goat (GS) parotid saliva or in McDougall's artificial saliva (AS, used as control) on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics (estimated using the gas production technique) of browse foliage from six shrub species (Cytisus scoparius, Genista florida, Rosa canina, Quercus pyrenaica, Cistus laurifolius and Erica australis) collected over two seasons (spring and autumn), thus varying the in vitro digestibility (from 0·597 to 0·903) and tannin contents (from 3 to 130 g tannic acid equivalent/kg dry matter (DM)). Saliva was collected from four sheep and four goats fed alfalfa hay, and from four sheep fed the same alfalfa hay but supplemented with quebracho (rich in condensed tannins) for 60 d, through a cannula inserted in the parotid duct, and rumen fluid was always from sheep fed alfalfa hay. The extent of degradation when browse foliage was pre-incubated in qSS was similar to that observed with control AS (0·449 v. 0·452, respectively), and 8% less than the value with pre-incubation in SS (0·490). In vitro fermentation kinetics (gas production parameters) of browse foliage were not significantly enhanced with pre-incubation in qSS compared with SS, whereas in vitro digestibility and extent of degradation in the rumen were significantly reduced with qSS compared with SS. After pre-incubation in sheep and goat saliva, the extent of browse foliage degradation was significantly increased by 4–8% compared with pre-incubation in the control AS. Fermentation efficiency of browse foliage was increased (P<0·05) with pre-incubation in GS compared with SS. Sheep or goat saliva may have some activity to affect in vitro rumen fermentation of the foliage samples incubated, enhancing extent of degradation of tannin-rich browse. However, a relationship between the magnitude of this effect and the tannin content of the browse foliage could not be established, suggesting that sheep and goat saliva may not be particularly important in neutralizing tannins.

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Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Yichong Wang ◽

Sijiong Yu ◽

Yang Li ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

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PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 466-466

Author(s):

Angela R Boyer ◽

Yun Jiang ◽

Alon Blakeney ◽

Dennis Nuzback ◽

Brooke Humphrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Random Effect ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

High Metal Content ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P < 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P < 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

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Comparison of four in vitro gas production methods to study rumen fermentation kinetics of starch rich feeds

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596379 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 196-196

Author(s):

S. Fakhri ◽

A. R. Moss ◽

D.I. Givens ◽

E. Owen

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Methods ◽

Fermentation Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Kinetics Of

Recently, the automatic in vitro gas production techniques (e.g. Cone. 1994; Theodorou et al., 1994) have been developed to study rumen fermentation kinetics. Many approaches have been taken. This work investigates the suitability of different methods for estimating the rumen fermentation of two starch rich feedstuffs.

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Effect of Eucalyptus globulus leaves extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, degradability and protozoa population

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 753-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amina Boussaada ◽

Rabah Arhab ◽

Serena Calabrò ◽

Raffaella Grazioli ◽

Maria Ferrara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three Eucalyptus globulus extracts rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, organic matter degradability and protozoa population using an in vitro gas production technique. Four concentrations (0, 50, 75 and 100 mg) of three Eucalyptus extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were added to a diet of ruminants (forage: concentrate ratio 60:40) and incubated at 39°C under anaerobiosis with buffered rumen fluid. After 24 h, the fermentation fluid was analysed for ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Organic matter degradability (OMD) and protozoa were also determined; in vitro gas production was also recorded and CH4 concentration was measured. Compared to the control, CH4 production was significantly lower for ethyl acetate extract (P<0.05), but higher for n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Production of ammonia- N was lower in all Eucalyptus extracts (P<0.05). Propionate production (P<0.05) increased for ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, whereas no effect was registered for VFA, for all Eucalyptus extracts. Ethyl acetate extract decreased in vitro OMD (P<0.05), whereas n-butanol and aqueous extracts were comparable to the control. Protozoa population decreased (P<0.05) for all extracts in comparison with the control. Eucalyptus ethyl acetate extract might be promising to be used as a potent anti-methanogenic additive. Moreover, the assessment of the right dosage seems to be important to decrease methane production, without reducing feed nutritional value.

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Rumen fermentation kinetics as impacted by red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder using in vitro gas production technique

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20200/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽

Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Two Factors ◽

Dry Matter Degradation ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Background A need for research searching for alternative rumen enhancers warrants immediate attention. The in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement of two factors of roughage to concentrate and seven level of red amaranth leaf powder percentage of total substrate in a Completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors, namely Factor A was two ratio of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and Factor B was level of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder (RALP) supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% of total dietary substrate. Results Red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) contained phytonutrients both condensed tannins and saponins in addition with high macro minerals (Ca, K, and Mg). This experiment revealed innovations of the RALP supplementation by enhancing rumen propionate (C3) production, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, reducing protozoal population and mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, rumen dry matter degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced (P < 0.001) by increasing RALP supplementation. Conclusion Plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) have a vital and promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate degradability.

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Evaluation of nutrient content and in-vitro gas production of complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) supplemented by mimosa powder and myristic acid

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v18i2.42998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Muchamad Muchlas ◽

Siti Chuzaemi ◽

Mashudi Mashudi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Methane Gas ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect supplementation of mimosa powder as a source of condensed tannins and a single fatty acid, myristic acid, in a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) using the in-vitro gas production method. This research has been carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The time of the research was conducted in August until December 2019.Methods: The experimental design used randomized complete block design by ANOVA consisting four treatments and three replications which were P1= a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) as control Diet (CD) (40% corn stover + 60 % concentrate), P2= (CD) + Mimosa Powder(MP) 1.5 %/kg DM + myristic acid (MA)2% /kg DM, P3= CD + MP 1.5 % /kg DM + MA 3% /kg DM, and P4= CD + MP 1.5 %/kg DM + MA 4 %/kg DM.Results: The results showed that the treatments affected total gas production (p<0.01). The highest value for total gas production was found in P1 (86.67 ml/500 mg DM) and the lowest was found in P3 (73.30 ml/500 mg DM). The results showed that gas production decreased concurrently with the increase of MA level. In vitro methane gas and carbon dioxide production was showed different (p<0.05) from the control treatment. The lowest concentration of methane production was in P4 (82863.07 ppm) and the highest concentration was in treatment P1 86530.89 ppm. The highest total carbon dioxide content was P1 (436711.57 ppm) and the lowest concentration was P3 (350287.72 ppm).Conclusions: The results of the research concluded that the addition of mimosa powder and 3 different levels of myristic acid in a complete feed based on corn stover can increase the nutritional value of a complete feed and reduce the production of methane gas.

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