Evaluation of one-shot vaccination protocol for suppressing reproductive functions in rams using encapsulated ovalbumin-LHRH-7 protein.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Yilmaz ◽  
Bünyamin Hakan ◽  
Keith Stormo ◽  
Firat Cengiz ◽  
Hasan Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Vaccination Protocol ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
And Control

The objective of study were to determine the effectiveness of Ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL) protein administered with cytosine guanine (CpG) adjuvant and Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA), and used one-shot immunization (single-dose vaccination) protocol in which booster dose included in microspheres in rams. Fifty ram lambs at about a year old were used. Treatment groups receiving Ovalbumin LHRH and control contained 10 animals. They were stratified according to age (weeks), live weight and scrotal circumference size, and were randomly assigned to five groups. Scrotal circumference, sexual activities and the numbers of rams having sperm in the ejaculate were affected from treatment (P less than 0.05) depending on the dose and vaccination protocol. However, immunization did not affect live weight changes in any treatment groups (P>0.05). Findings clearly demonstrate that the effects of OL immunization on reproductive traits in yearling rams were prominent when it was administered at higher dose and classical one primary and one booster immunization as free protein form. Also we observed that the effect of higher and single dose of OL protein in encapsulated form on reproductive traits had the partial suppressing. CpG adjuvant along with IFA was proved to be an effective adjuvant and could be suggested to be used and alternative to FCA in hormone immunization.

Milk production from diets of silage and dried forage. 1. Effects of methods of processing dried grass and of including barley in the supplementation of grass silage given ad libitum

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Female Cattle

SUMMARY1. Young adult and adult British Friesian female cattle (heifers and cows) which were lactating were individually fed on diets of grass silage ad libitum with supplements of dried grass, dried grass/barley or barley/groundnut in two randomized block experiments.2. In Experiment I, equal quantities of dry matter (DM) as dried grass in the form of a wafer (W), cob (C) or pellet (P) were given with the silage during weeks 8 to 18 of lactation, to three groups of 12 heifers. Silage DM intakes were respectively 14·2, 14·3 and 15·8 ± 0·43 g/kg live weight per day (P<0·05). Milk yields were 14·0, 15·6, 16·7 ± 0·35 kg/day (P< 0·001). Milk composition and live-weight change did not differ significantly.3. In Experiment II, five treatment groups of heifers and cows were offered silage with equal amounts of a supplement of either dried grass pellets (treatment 1) or dried grass/barley in the ratios of 2: 1 (treatment 2), 1: 2 (treatment 3), or a barley/groundnut supplement (treatment 4). In treatment 5 the cattle received the same supplement as in treatment 4, but at a 10% higher level. Silage DM intakes for treatments 1 to 5 during lactation weeks 6 to 22 were 8·64, 8·94, 7·96, 6·96, 7·63 kg/day (1, 2>4, P<0·01; 2>5, P<0·05). The intake of digestible organic matter, milk yields and live-weight changes over the whole experimental period were not influenced significantly by treatments 1 to 4, but in treatment 5 the milk was significantly higher in fat, protein and energy content than in treatments 1 to 4. Blood composition was normal and did not differ markedly between treatments.

Effect of winter environment on growth of young beef cattle 1. Effects of exposure during winter to rain or wind and rain combined on performance of 9-month-old Friesian steers fed on two planes of nutrition

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McCarrick ◽  
M. J. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weight Gains

SUMMARYThree experiments were conducted to compare the performance of 9-month-old Friesian steers wintered in three environments, (a) conventional cattle houses, (b) wind-sheltered roofless sawdust pads and (c) unsheltered roofless sawdust pads. Within each environment animals were fed on two planes of nutrition.In each experiment, winter live-weight gains of animals accommodated on the three winter environments were similar as were weight changes during the subsequent four weeks at grass in Experiments 2 and 3.No interaction on live-weight gain was found between plane of nutrition and winter environment. Health of outwintered animals was good throughout. The response to feeding barley with hay in these experiments (obtained by comparing low-plane with high-plane treatment groups) showed that on average 5·5 kg of barley dry matter were required to produce 1 kg of additional live-weight gain above that obtained from hay fed alone.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep. IV. The effects and interactions of dietary supplements of calcium, phosphorus, cod-liver oil and energy, as starch, on the skeleton of growing blackface wethers

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benzie ◽  
A. W. Boyne ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno ◽  
J. Duckworth ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Different Parts

1. A factorial experiment on wether hoggs was carried out to examine the effects on bone growth and composition and on blood composition of four dietary factors. The factors were extra calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and energy in the form of starch, and each was fed in all possible combinations, so that there were sixteen dietary treatment groups in all. Each group consisted of three animals.2. Serum calcium and blood inorganic phosphorus concentrations were determined monthly, and radiographs of most parts of the skeleton were taken at the beginning and end of the experiment. After about 6 months on the experimental diets the animals were killed and the ash weights and percentage of ash of different parts of the skeleton and of the whole skeleton were determined. Live-weight changes and food intakes were also measured.

Carcass composition in weight-selected and control bulls from a serial slaughter experiment

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Morris ◽  
RL Baker ◽  
JJ Bass ◽  
KR Jones ◽  
JA Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Data Log ◽  
And Control ◽  
Kidney Liver

Bull calves were sampled at random at weaning from the 17th calf crop of an Angus herd selected for yearling weight (AS1) and from its contemporary control herd (ACO). Thirty animals per herd were slaughtered in groups of five per herd at intervals, from 7 to 25 months of age. Live weight and scrotal circumference were taken on the day before slaughter, along with a blood sample for analysis of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone concentration. The left side of each carcass was dissected into saleable meat, bone and trimmed fat components. Live weights and hot carcass weights of AS1 animals were, on average, 16.8 and 17- 6% greater respectively than those of ACO animals. Allometric comparisons of the carcass composition data (log-log regressions) showed no significant herd differences in the rate at which saleable meat, bone or trimmed fat weights increased with carcass weight. Adjusted weights of bone, however, were significantly greater in the AS1 than ACO herds (P < 0.05). There were significant herd differences in the weights of kidney, liver and testes, in scrotal circumference and in the concentration of IGF-1, but these disappeared after adjustment for live weight. On an adjusted basis, heart weight was 6.1% greater in the AS1 than the ACO herd (P < 0.05).

The effect of pattern of food intake in pregnancy upon sow productivity

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
E. V. J. Bathurst ◽  
A. G. Bracewell ◽  
J. M. M. Cunningham ◽  
J. B. Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYSeven research and teaching centres have co-operated in an experiment involving 154 sows. The experiment compared the effect of feeding four different patterns of feed intake during pregnancy upon reproductive performance of sows. In each case approximately 220 kg of feed were given during each gestation according to four patterns of intake designated Constant (C), Low-High (L-H), High-Low (H-L) and High-Low-High (H-L-H). During lactation all animals were given a daily ration of 3·7 kg of feed for litters of five pigs or less, and 0·4 kg for each additional piglet. Wherever possible the sows remained on the same nutritional regimes for three parities.Although the pattern of feed intake slightly affected the live-weight changes of the sows during the course of pregnancy, the treatments had no significant effects on overall change in weight of the sows in pregnancy or in lactation in any of the three parities. The live weights of the sows at the end of the third parity were very similar for all treatment groups.The patterns of feed intake had no appreciable or significant effect on the numbers of pigs born, their average weight at birth or upon the numbers of pigs which survived to weaning at 6 weeks or their live weight. The health and breeding regularity of the sows were also unaffected by the treatments.There were differences between the centres in many of the variables which were compared, but there was no evidence of any important centre × treatment interactions.It is concluded that, at the levels of intake given in pregnancy and lactation in this experiment, there are no beneficial or detrimental effects of changing the pattern of intake during pregnancy.

The effect of plane of nutrition during rearing on growth, production, reproduction and health of dairy cattle. III. Milk production during the first three lactations

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Crichton ◽  
J. N. Aitken ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Feed Costs

1. The fat-corrected milk yields and butterfat and solids-not-fat percentages of the milk of heifers reared on the four planes of nutrition described in part 1 of this series are compared, i.e. high high (HH), high low (HL), low low (LL), low high (LH).2. The most significant feature of the F.C.M. yields was the poor performance of the HL group in each lactation. When variability due to differences in lactation length had been eliminated the yields of the HL group in the first and second lactations were found to be significantly lower than those of the other treatment groups.3. In the first lactation the mean B.F. percentages of HH, LH, HL and IX animals were respectively 3·92, 3·85, 3·81 and 3·74. These differences were significant at the 5% level. When the weekly yields and percentages of the HH and LL groups were compared it was found that the difference was almost entirely confined to the first 6 weeks of lactation. In the second and third lactations the mean B.F. percentages of all groups were similar.4. Only in the second lactation were the S.N.F. percentages significantly different between groups. No explanation can be offered.5. A comparison of the live-weight changes of HH and LL animals following successive calvings showed that recovery by the LL animals was most rapid immediately following first parturition and also during the first and second dry periods.6. The plane of nutrition during rearing had no apparent effect on the pattern of change in milk yield and composition between first and third lactations, except that HH animals showed a more uniform rate of fall in S.N.F.% between one lactation and the next compared with the other three groups. Heifer lactations were longer and the milk had higher contents of B.F. and S.N.F. than later lactations.7. The estimated feed costs of the rearing from birth to first calving of the HH, LH, HL and LL animals were markedly different.8. The results are discussed in relation to practice.

The effect of different levels of nutrition during late pregnancy on the subsequent milk production of Blackface ewes and on the growth of their lambs

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Pelleted Food ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Different Levels

1. Using blood plasma FFA and ketone values to assess the nutritional state of individual ewes, high (H), medium (M) and low (L) planes of nutrition were imposed on 3 groups of Blackface ewes during pregnancy. By this method, ewes bearing single or twin foetuses were equally well or severely undernourished within treatment groups. The effects of these planes of nutrition during pregnancy have been assessed in terms of milk production, lamb growth, and live-weight changes by the ewes duriug their subsequent lactation. Immediately after parturition all ewes were individually fed a pelleted food ad lib. and their voluntary food intakes recorded. From 5 weeks of age individual voluntary intakes of solid food by the lambs were also recorded. Because of insufficient pen accommodation group-M ewes and lambs were discarded after 5 weeks of lactation.

Effect of vitamin E on incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Incidence of mastitis was evaluated for 224 cows randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: vitamin E supplemented and control. Vitamin E supplementation was started at drying-off and continued up to 90 d of next lactation at the rate of 1000 IU per cow per day and was then reduced to 500 IU daily for the remaining lactation period. Data on the concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma and milk, incidence of mastitis, and reproductive traits were analyzed by the least squares procedure. The model included the fixed effects of breed, parity, treatment, breed × parity, breed × treatment, parity × treatment, year, season, and days dry as a covariate. Concentrations of vitamin E in blood plasma and milk were higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented cows than in control cows. Supplementation of diets with vitamin E significantly lowered milk somatic cell count on day 112 of lactation but did not reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis. Vitamin E supplementation had no significant effect on the incidence of retained placenta. Key words: Vitamin E, mastitis, reproduction, cows, dairy

The effects of level of feeding of sows during pregnancy. III. Body composition

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. M. Macpherson ◽  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
The Mean

1. Four groups of three litter-sister Large White gilts were given during four successive pregnancies a daily meal allowance of either 2·70 kg (High), 1·35 (Low) or 1·35 kg for 76 days followed by 2·70 kg until parturition (Low-High). During 8-week lactation periods all received the same daily allowance of 1·8 kg meal plus 0·35 kg for each piglet suckled.2. On the 100th day of the fourth pregnancy all sows were slaughtered. The major internal organs were weighed and measurements recorded of the length of carcass and backfat thickness at shoulder, midback and loin. The carcasses were then separated into bone, skin, subcutaneous fat and muscles plus intermuscular fat. The weights of radius-ulna, tibia-fibula, humerus and femur were recorded.3. In each of the treatment groups the live-weight changes of the sows in the fourth pregnancy were almost identical to those in the third pregnancy.4. The mean total carcass weights for the High, Low and Low-High sows were 154, 92 and 110 kg respectively, and the mean subcutaneous fat contents of the carcasses 14, 4 and 6 kg respectively.5. The relative proportions of the weights of the organs to carcass weight, weight of bone to weight of muscle plus intermuscular fat, and the weight of individual bones to total bone weight were relatively unaffected by the treatments after allowance had been made for total carcass weight.6. The implications of the changes in body composition on the lifetime reproductive performance of sows are discussed.

scholarly journals Productive performance of broiler birds fed Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal containing diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
C.E. Ogbonna ◽  
U.H. Ukpabi ◽  
P.C. Jiwuba ◽  
E.B. Onwujiariri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera

Abstract. A forty-two day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets containing Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the productive performance of broilers on feed intake, body weight, carcass and organ characteristics. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit was processed and incorporated in the diets at 0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% dietary levels, represented as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, for both starter (7-28 days of age) and finisher phase (28-49 days of age). One hundred and twenty unsexed abor acre broiler birds were brooded for seven days and thereafter 30 birds were randomly allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The data collected showed significant (p<0.05) differences for feed intake, body weight changes and feed conversion ratio for both starter and finisher broilers. Live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage were significantly better for T1 across the treatments (p<0.05). Wing, drumstick breast muscle and thigh cuts were significantly improved at the treatment groups (p<0.05). The gizzard, heart, and spleen were significantly (p<0.05) higher at T1. Liver also differed significantly (p<0.05) with T4 having the highest weight over other treatments. It could therefore be concluded that T2 produced the best body weight and should be recommended for enhanced broiler production.

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