Evaluation of black gram genotypes for saline tolerance at seedling stage

Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is the third most important pulse crop in India after chickpea and pigeon pea. Soil salinity is one of the major factor responsible for loss in agricultural production. Forty eight black gram genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance with six different salinity levels viz., EC0, EC4, EC7, EC10, EC13, EC16 at early seedling stage. All the seedling parameters and salt tolerant index were investigated from four days old seedlings. From the results, it was found that there was a gradual decrease with increasing levels of salinity in all the genotypes studied. Seed germination and dry matter production showed more variations than other parameters studied for all the genotypes at different salinity levels. Based on the results, it may be concluded that the genotypes VNBG 017, AUB 3 AND AUB 20 were saline tolerant and VNBG 022, AUB 31 AND AUB 12 were susceptible to salinity.

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Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1227

Author(s):

Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽

Maria Batool ◽

Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽

Zongkai Wang ◽

Ahmed Khatab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

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Comparative analysis of dry matter production and photosynthesis between mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) and black gram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) grown in different light intensities

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University ◽

10.5109/23998 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Fumitake Kubota ◽

Abdul Hamid

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Black Gram ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Matter Production

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Evaluation of Rice Germplasm under Salt Stress at the Seedling Stage through SSR Markers

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Al-Amin ◽

MM Islam ◽

SN Begum ◽

MS Alam ◽

M Moniruzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Marker Assisted Breeding ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Salt Susceptible

Twenty eight rice germplasms were used for identification of salt tolerant rice genotypes at the seedling stage at the experimental farm and Biotechnology laboratory of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh during February 2009 to October 2009. Phenotyping for salinity screening of the rice genotypes was done using salinized (EC level 12 dS m-1) nutrient solution in hydroponic system. Genotypes were evaluated for salinity tolerance on 1-9 scale based on seedling growth parameters following modified Standard Evaluation Scoring (SES) of IRRI. Phenotypically, on the basis of SES and % total dry matter (TDM) reduction of the genotypes viz. PBSAL-614, PBSAL-613, PBSAL-730, Horkuch, S-478/3 Pokkali and PBSAL (STL)-15 were found to be salt tolerant; on the other hand Iratom-24, S-653/32, S-612/32, S-604/32, S-633/32, Charnock (DA6), BINA Dhan-6 and S-608/32 were identified as salt susceptible. For genotyping, ten SSR markers were used for polymorphism, where 3 primers (RM127, RM443 and RM140) were selected for evaluation of salt tolerance. In respect of Primer RM127, 7 lines were found salt tolerant and 11 lines were moderately tolerant and 10 lines were susceptible. Nine tolerant, 9 moderately tolerant and 10 susceptible lines were found when the primer RM140 was used and primer RM443 identified 8 lines as tolerant, 9 lines as moderately tolerant and 11 lines as susceptible. Thus, the salt tolerant lines can be used in further evaluation for salinity tolerance and the SSR markers used in this study are proving valuable for identifying salt tolerant genes in marker assisted breeding. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 52-59, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16093

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Effect of Salinity on Biomass Yield and Physiological and Stem-Root Anatomical Characteristics of Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) Accessions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/105695 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Md. Amirul Alam ◽

Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽

M. Y. Rafii ◽

Azizah Abdul Hamid

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Principal Component ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Salinity Effect ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Matter Production ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Salinity Levels

13 selected purslane accessions were subjected to five salinity levels 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 dS m−1. Salinity effect was evaluated on the basis of biomass yield reduction, physiological attributes, and stem-root anatomical changes. Aggravated salinity stress caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in all measured parameters and the highest salinity showed more detrimental effect compared to control as well as lower salinity levels. The fresh and dry matter production was found to increase in Ac1, Ac9, and Ac13 from lower to higher salinity levels but others were badly affected. Considering salinity effect on purslane physiology, increase in chlorophyll content was seen in Ac2, Ac4, Ac6, and Ac8 at 16 dS m−1salinity, whereas Ac4, Ac9, and Ac12 showed increased photosynthesis at the same salinity levels compared to control. Anatomically, stem cortical tissues of Ac5, Ac9, and Ac12 were unaffected at control and 8 dS m−1salinity but root cortical tissues did not show any significant damage except a bit enlargement in Ac12 and Ac13. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on biomass yield and physiological traits where all 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters proving greater diversity among them. The 3-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) has also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis. Overall, salinity stressed among all 13 purslane accessions considering biomass production, physiological growth, and anatomical development Ac9 was the best salt-tolerant purslane accession and Ac13 was the most affected accession.

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Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus content on the growth and yield of wheat in north-eastern Victoria

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea96082 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 191 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. F. Burnett ◽

P. J. Newton ◽

D. R. Coventry

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seed Source ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

Matter Production ◽

P Content ◽

North Eastern ◽

Early Seedling

Summary. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed was grown at 2 locations differing in phosphorus (P) status (low and high) in north-eastern Victoria (36°S, 146°E), with applied superphosphate (kg P/ha: 0, 12, 24, 100 and 200), to produce seed of different P content. This seed was used in field and glasshouse experiments in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seed source and P content on the growth and yield of wheat. Wheat seed grown at the low P status site was smaller than seed grown at the high P status site, irrespective of the amount of applied P. Seed from the low P status site produced less early dry matter in both field and glasshouse experiments in 1993, but there was no effect of seed source on grain yield in either experiment. High seed P content either had no effect or reduced seedling emergence in the field experiments. In the glasshouse, low P content in seed from the low P status site resulted in reduced emergence. Increases in dry matter production and grain yield with higher seed P content were only observed in the drought season of 1994. Application of P resulted in increased emergence, dry matter production and grain yield at most seed P content levels but there were no significant interactions between seed P content and applied P. Application of N did not affect dry matter production in either year, but increased grain protein in both years and grain yield in 1993. Seed from low P status environments can affect early seedling growth but in average growing seasons, or in glasshouse conditions, wheat growth compensates so that differences in grain yield are not observed. However, in order to avoid risk of poor early seedling growth and possible yield penalties when the crop is stressed, wheat seed should be collected from adequate soil P status sites.

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Screening of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Morphological and Molecular Markers

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2753 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 377-390

Author(s):

Shahabuddin Ahmed ◽

Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽

Ashraful Islam ◽

Imtiaz Uddin ◽

Mohammad S. Haque

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Group Method ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Pair Group ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Rice Genotypes

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects the crop productivity. Thirty rice genotypes of diverse origin including three salt tolerant check varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and Pokkali, were used to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage and to determine the genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Salinity screening was done at the seedling stage using hydroponic system following IRRI standard protocol. Three salinity levels as 6dSm-1, 8dSm-1, and 10dSm-1 were used along with control. Data were recorded on root length, shoot length and dry weight and the genotypes were scored based on modified standard evaluation score (SES) for visual injury. Sixteen SSR markers were used to study the genetic variation within 30 rice genotypes. A total of 65 alleles with an average of 4.06 allele per locus were detected among 30 rice genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.24 to 0.86 with an average of 0.51. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed four clusters. Among them cluster I identified 5 salt tolerant genotypes and cluster IV separated one tolerant and one moderately tolerant genotype. Based on SES evaluation and molecular analysis genotypes Balam, THDB, Q-31, Ab.Hai, BR-5, FR13A ware salt tolerant; Moulota, Super hybrid, Y-1281, Binadhan-16 were moderate salt tolerant. This information could be useful for selection of suitable genotypes for developing salt tolerant rice variety through molecular breeding.

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Production and quality of corn silage with forage and pigeon peas in a crop-livestock system

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 861-876

Author(s):

Vinicius Carreteiro Gomes ◽

◽

Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽

Ciniro Costa ◽

Juliana da Silva Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Subsequent Formation ◽

Morphological Composition ◽

Silage Production ◽

Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate maize in consortium with forage in a crop-livestock system for silage production, with subsequent formation of pasture. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with four replications, two types of corn cultivation, intercropped with two Brachiaria species (marandu grass and convert grass), and with and without intercropping with the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) BRS Mandarin. Dry matter productivity, the morphological composition of the corn, the botanical composition of the Brachiaria and pigeon peas, and the bromatological composition of the silage and Brachiaria were evaluated, as well as the losses caused by effluents. The consortia did not interfere with the productivity of corn for silage, and the silage from the consortium with pigeon peas exhibited a higher concentration of crude protein, demonstrating that the modality of the integrated agricultural production system of corn culture with Brachiaria and pigeon peas is an alternative to increase the protein content of the ensiled material and provide greater diversity of the remaining forage.

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Germination and initial development of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens on exposure to cadmium, lead and copper

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v38n4165265 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 335-343

Author(s):

Karine Sousa Carsten Borges ◽

Raquel Custódio D'Avila ◽

Mari Lúcia Campos ◽

Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽

David José Miquelluti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Tissue ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Initial Development ◽

Matter Production ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Cadmium Lead

Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the germination and initial development of three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens in the presence of trace elements of Cd, Pb and Cu and quantify the Cd and Cu contents in plant tissue of these species. First, seed germination occurred in towel paper containing cadmium, lead, copper and the control. We calculated the percentage of germination, germination speed index, vigor index and seedling length. Later, the seeds were germinated in soil pots contaminated with Cd and Cu, where the Soil-Plant Analysis Development index (SPAD index) was evaluated, as well as dry matter of shoot and root, and the Cd and Cu metal content in plant tissue was quantified. B. decumbens showed sensitivity to the elements studied, with decreases in all parameters. Cu was the element that caused more toxic effects on germination and early seedling development of the species studied. In contaminated soil, the species studied showed no differences in dry matter production of shoots, but the exposure to Cd and Cu caused reductions in SPAD index in all species. The highest Cd and Cu contents were found in the roots.

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