scholarly journals HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SAFETY OPERATION OF THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Fomin ◽  
L. A. Alikbayeva ◽  
L. V. Lukovnikova ◽  
G. I. Sidorin ◽  
N. N. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Total List ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Safety Operation ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The purpose of the study is to provide toxicological-hygienic assessment of components the production of polyvinyl chloride, substantiate safe levels of chemicals in air of the working area and preventive measures on optimization conditions both of work and residence of the population. Material and methods. The object of the study was the complex of production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The program of research included the study of the technological process; evaluation of the toxicity and dangers of new chemicals; the characteristic of sources of air emissions; health risk assessment of the population; justification of the size sanitary-protective zone. Results. The enterprise for the production of PVC can be potential source of the environmental pollution, with the priority to pollution of the atmosphere and working area air. The main organized emission sources of the chemicals are departments for the production of chlorine, vinyl chloride monomer, polyvinyl chloride and flare units. New components of production are ntioxidant IRGASTAB PVC76 and plasticizer Plastomoll DOA on physic-chemical and toxic characteristics fail to pose a risk of acute and chronic poisoning by inhalation routes of exposure, the parameters of acute toxicity refer to the 4th class of danger and seem to be low-hazard substances. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to mild irritation of the skin, characterized by a slightly pronounced cumulative properties, in contact with a high likelihood of sensitization of the organism; the introduction inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent that may result in the violation of the detoxifying function of the liver. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to a slight irritation of the skin, characterized by mild cumulative properties, contact likely to develop sensitization of the organism; upon administration inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent MOG that might lead to a violation of the detoxifying liver function. Emissions to the atmosphere can contain up to 50 polluting chemicals. The main contribution to emissions comprises substances of the 3 and 4 hazard class, it is related with extremely dangerous and highly dangerous chemicals up to 32% of the total list of toxic substances. Indices of non-cancer risk with or without accounting background are at an acceptable level, the probability of the carcinogenic risk is small. There is a possibility risk of developing obsessive smell of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorethene and chloroform.

Immunological mechanisms of chronic liver lesions under the influence of chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
G. S. Agzamova ◽  
M. M. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
T System

The immunological profile of chronic liver lesions depending on the toxic agent was studied. It was revealed that chronic poisoning by industrial toxic substances causes changes in the functional state of the T-system of immunity, long-term contact with industrial chemicals leads to increased sensitization to autoantigens of the body.

The carcinogenic risk of exposure to sulphuric acid fumes from lead acid batteries

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Houghton ◽  
P. S. White
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Truck Driver ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Lead Acid

AbstractProlonged exposure to sulphuric acid fumes is associated with an increased risk of developing laryngeal carinoma. Lead acid batteries are a potential source of these fumes. We present a case of an electric fork lift truck driver who developed laryngeal carcinoma as a result of such exposure.

scholarly journals Regional Air Pollutant Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Large Cities in Northeast China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Fang ◽  
Hanbo Gao ◽  
Zhuoqiong Li ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Trajectory Clustering ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Backward Trajectory ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Potential Source

This study systematically investigated the pollution characteristics of atmospheric O3 and PM2.5, regional transport, and their health risks in three provincial capitals in northeast China during 2016–2020. The results show that O3 concentrations showed a trend of high summer and low winter, while PM2.5 concentrations showed a trend of high winter and low summer during these five years. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that external sources contribute more O3, while PM2.5 is more from local sources. The backward trajectory clustering analysis results showed that Changchun had the highest share of northwest trajectory with a five-year average value of 67.89%, and the city with the highest percentage of southwest trajectory was Shenyang with a five-year average value of 23.95%. The backward trajectory clustering analysis results showed that the share of the northwest trajectory decreased and the share of the southwest trajectory increased for all three cities in 2020 compared to 2016. The results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighting trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the main potential source areas and high concentration contribution areas for PM2.5 in the northeast were concentrated in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Shandong Province, and the northeast, and for O3 were mainly located in Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces, and the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The non-carcinogenic risk of PM2.5 in Harbin was high with a HQ of 2.04, while the other cities were at acceptable levels (HQ < 0.69) and the non-carcinogenic risk of O3 was acceptable in all three cities (HQ < 0.22). However, PM2.5 had a high carcinogenic risk (4 × 10−4 < CR < 0.44) and further treatment is needed to reduce the risk.

Problems and Prospects of Production of Vinyl Chloride, and Its Toxicity (Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Галина Бодиенкова ◽  
Galina Bodienkova
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Labor Conditions

The paper gives an overview of the literature data reflecting the issue’s current state and prospects for vinyl chloride production in Russia and abroad. A brief analysis of topical questions on vinyl chloride toxicity and its influence on workers’ body functional systems have been presented. According to international experts’ estimation more than 2 million people are involved in vinyl chloride and polyvinylchloride production. Vinyl chloride is a feedstock for the production of polyvinyl chloride resin and various polymer materials based on it — finishing and building materials, packaging containers for food, pipes for household and drinking water supply, technical equipment, household items, artificial leather and goods based on it. Vinyl chloride consumption is growing every year. It has been included in the lists of the most dangerous and toxic substances. Experimental and clinical studies have shown its complex toxic effect on the body, characterized by damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, liver, bone system, connective tissue, manifestation of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic effects. Main sources of industrial hazards remain vinyl chloride and ethylene dichloride — chemicals of 1 to 2 classes of danger, which in modern conditions, as a rule, do not exceed, or only slightly exceed hygienic standards. In accordance with this, cases of occupational intoxication are the rare ones (mainly when the production technology and safety precautions are violated), and are most often not clearly expressed. At the same time, workers’ labor conditions in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production facilities are classified as harmful, which is facilitated, in addition to a chemical factor, by unfavorable microclimatic conditions and production noise. In this connection, at a number of enterprises there is an increase in the number of diseases related to the circulatory and nervous systems, as well as mental disorders. At healthy and trained workers which are in contact with vinyl chloride, have been revealed changes in the immune system, characterized by imbalance of cytokines and violation of autoimmune regulation. In this regard, it is advisable to improve the methodology for assessing of occupational risk taking into account specific labor conditions, including highly informative indicators of early changes in the workers’ health status.

scholarly journals Alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. and their Pharmacological Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 766-775
Author(s):  
Aidos Doskaliyev ◽  
Roza Seidakhmetova ◽  
D. S. Tutai ◽  
Kristina Goldaeva ◽  
V.K. Surov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Antihypoxic Activity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Peganum harmala L. contains 17 alkaloids of quinazoline and indole structure types. Of these, harmaline, harmine, harmalol and L-peganin (vazicin) are pharmacologically active. It was established that of the alkaloids contained in the seeds, 50-95% is dominated by harmaline, harmine is dominated in the roots (67-74% of the total of extractive substances), and in the aerial part, the main mass is peganin (up to 78% of the total of alkaloids). Beta-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. inhibit monoamine oxidase, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. This article is devoted to the results of studies of the neurotropic action of harmine hydrochloride, when compared with the activity of the reference drug “Amitriptyline”. It was shown that the use of harmine hydrochloride helps to reduce the level of anxiety in animals under conditions of experimental psychoemotional chronic stress with prolonged administration. In the study of acute and chronic toxicity, it was determined that harmine hydrochloride belongs to the category of moderately toxic substances (hazard class II). According to the results of molecular docking, the presence of strong bonds in harmine hydrochloride with the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, as well as monoamine oxidase A and B was revealed, which indicates the implementation of the mechanism of neurotropic action of harmine hydrochloride at the level of synaptic neurotransmission of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin and others). It was also established that harmine hydrochloride eliminates haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats, reduces oligokinesia and rigidity in the Parkinson’s test, has antihypoxic activity in the hypobaric hypoxia test, and exhibits pronounced antidepressant activity in the Porsolt’s test. In the course of the study of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, it was revealed that with the administration of harmine hydrochloride, the quantitative content is quickly achieved and the concentration of the active substance in the blood significantly increases. The relative bioavailability of harmine hydrochloride is 112.7%.

Development of an Express Method for Studying the Toxicity of Modern Cable Compounds’ Combustion Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N. Anikin ◽  
N. Mel'nikov ◽  
A. Monahov ◽  
A. Garmashov
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Legal Documents

In case of fire, combustible materials and products made on their basis have a decisive role in the development of combustion, formation and spread of foreground risks. Normative legal documents restrict the use of fire hazardous materials, but it is impossible to exclude their use completely. In case of fire, in addition to flame and high temperatures are formed smoke and toxic gaseous products of combustion. The basis of the most common products is polyvinyl chloride - one of the most common fire hazardous materials, whose production volumes have only increased in recent years. In the course of this work, an express method has been developed and tested for the qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic substances contained in combustion products of plastic compounds based on polyvinyl chloride.

scholarly journals Anti-Gnawing, Thermo-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride: Effect of Capsicum Oleoresin and Denatonium Benzoate

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Laongdaw Techawinyutham ◽  
Arnuparb Prasarnsri ◽  
Suchart Siengchin ◽  
Rapeephun Dangtungee ◽  
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Denatonium Benzoate ◽  
Chloride Effect ◽  
Level Of Significance

Anti-rodent polymer composites were prepared using non-toxic substances denatonium benzoate (DB) and capsicum oleroresin (CO) mixed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. DB is mixed in zinc stearate (ZnSt) called DB/ZnSt, and CO, providing burning sensation, is impregnated in mesoporous silica named SiCO. There are three sets of sample: Blank, composites Set I and Set II. Set I consists of DB/ZnSt at concentration of 1.96 wt% and SiCO at concentration of 12.16 wt%, 14.47 wt%, 18.75 wt% and 23.53 wt%. Set II comprises SiCO at the same amount of Set I. The anti-rodent composites studied are anti-gnawing, surface morphology, thermo-mechanical and rheological properties. Anti-rodent testing is analyzed by one-way blocked analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared with Tukey test with a 95% level of significance, presenting good anti-gnawing efficiency. The best rat-proof sample is II.4, consisting of SiCO 23.53 wt%, which presents percentage of weight loss from gnawing at 1.68% compared to weight loss of neat PVC at 59.74%. The addition of SiCO at concentration ranging from 12.16 to 23.53 wt% reduces tensile strength around 25–50%, elongation at break strength around 2–23%, shear storage modulus (G′) around 30%, shear loss modulus (G″) shear viscosity (η) and glass transition (Tg) around 43% compared to Blank. The increase in SiCO concentration slightly improves the thermal stability of PVC composites around 3%, but the addition of DB/ZnSt at 1.96 wt% slightly reduces those properties.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE BIOMARKER OF THE EXPOSURE TO ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN EMPLOYEES OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MANUFACTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga M. Zhurba ◽  
S. F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
A. N. Alekseyenko ◽  
A. V. Merinov ◽  
V. B. Dorogova
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Gas Chromatograph

This article presents results of the quantitative assessment of the blood content of organochlorine compounds (vinyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane) and its metabolite thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) in the urine of workers of the production of vinyl chloride (VC) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC). The studies were executed in two phases: in the first phase, 65 persons were surveyed at the time of the periodic medical examination, at the second phase - 10 workers of basic professions (apparatchiks of gas separation and polymerization and cleaners) werу observed in the dynamics of 12-hour shifts. The sample consisted of persons, who regularly passed bioassay test before the work shift, and after the shift and the next day before the shift. The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the content of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the organism of workers of VC and PVC productions. The studies were conducted using the methods developed in our laboratory with using a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a flame ionization detector, docked with the Headspace Sampler Agilent 7694E and gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a Mass Selective Detector Agilent 5975C. Statistically significant differences in TDAA urine content were found between workers and cases from the control group. There was detected its dependence on the levels of as well exposure to toxic substances, the production, and occupation, as the duration of the post-exposure period. The average value of the urine content of TDAA in workers of the workshop of VC production authentically was shown to be 2.57 times higher than in workers of the workshop of the PVC production. The average urine concentration of TDAA in workers of both workshops were 5.0 and 19.9 times higher than in cases from the control group (0.27±0.02 mg/dm3). Th urine TDAA content in panmen was authentically 2 times higher than in workers from the group of the subsidiary occupations. It should be noted that the largest percentage of urine samples with exceeding TDAA levels in the control group - 84.8% was observed in panmen, in the group of auxiliary occupation the percentage of these samples amounted to 75.0%. Increased levels of the urinary TDAA excretion was observed during the work after 12 hours after the end of the shift, before starting the next shift period and during a medical examination 24 hours after the cessation of the exposure to toxicants, which may be the optimal time urine collection during biomonitoring studies.

SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW DRUG "MT-6" IN AN ACUTE EXPERIMENT ON WHITE MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-707
Author(s):  
G.A. Vostroilova ◽  
◽  
N.A. Khokhlova ◽  
Y.A. Chaplygina ◽  
M.S. Bogdanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride

The article presents the results of assessing the safety of the new drug "MT-6" in an acute experiment on white mice. Experiments to assess acute toxicity were carried out in three series of experiments with intragastric, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of administration in duplicate. The drug was administered intragastrically once after a 12-hour fasting diet in doses from 5500 to 10000 mg/kg in a volume of 0.5 ml per mouse; subcutaneously – in the dose range from 2000 to 6800 mg/kg in a volume of 0.5 ml per mouse; intramuscularly – in doses from 2000 to 6800 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml per mouse. Control animals were injected with sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution in the same volumes and by the same methods. During the first day after the administration of the drug, the experimental animals were monitored continuously, then for 14 days – 2 times a day. On the basis of toxicometric data obtained during the experiment, the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug "MT-6" were established: with intragastric administration LD50 7828.5 mg/kg, with subcutaneous administration LD50 4994.1 mg/kg, with intramuscular LD50 3841.9 mg/kg. Based on this, it was concluded that the investigated drug belongs to GOST 12.1.007-76 to the 4th hazard class – low-toxic substances; according to Hodge and Sterner (1943) to the 5th hazard class – practically non-toxic substances; according to Sidorov K.K. (1977) – to the 6th class of hazard – relatively harmless substances.

scholarly journals War journalism: an occupational exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e245165
Author(s):  
Nicola Magnavita ◽  
Maria Teresa Congedo ◽  
Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio ◽  
Angela Iuliano
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Apart from the risk of accidents, war theatres present a hazard related to numerous long-lasting toxic agents. For 10 years, a >60-year-old male journalist worked in war theatres in the Far and Near East where he was exposed to asbestos and other toxic substances (metals, silica, clays, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic substances) contained in dust and smoke of destroyed buildings. More than 15 years later, he developed a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the soft palate and, subsequently, a pleural malignant mesothelioma. The safety of war journalists should focus not only on preventing the risk of being killed, but also on providing protection from toxic and carcinogenic agents. Exposure to substances released during the destruction of buildings can also pose a carcinogenic risk for survivors.

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