scholarly journals STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL REORGANIZATION OF SKIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES UNDER EXPERIMENTAL SUBACUTE OF INTOXICATION BY HEAVY METALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Nikolaeva ◽  
V. S. Polyakova ◽  
N. P. Setko ◽  
L. G. Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Nickel Chromium

There was executed an experimental study of the effect of salts of heavy metals (nickel, chromium, lead and zinc) entering the body by peroral route, on the morphology of the skin and its derivatives (hair follicles and sebaceous glands). The experiment was performed on C57BL / 6 mice with the use of the induction of hair follicle cycle by depilation. Under the subacute intoxication with salts of nickel, chromium and lead, there were revealed such signs of a dystrophic anagen as ectopia of granules of melanin in the dermal papilla and perifollicular tissue, enlarged channels of the hair. The duration of the anagen stage if compared with the control did not change. Under the intoxication with salts of nickel and lead there was revealed infiltration by mononuclear dermis and hypodermis. Lead acetate gave rise in the capillary congestion of the dermis, followed by diapedesis of erythrocytes and infiltration of the dermis by siderophages. In the course of the immunohistochemical study of the proliferative activity of keratinocytes of the skin integument derivatives with the use of antibodies to Ki-67, there was revealed a significant increase of proliferative activity of keratinocytes in comparison with the control under the use of a solution of zinc sulphate and sodium dichromate and its decrease with the use of lead acetate solution.

scholarly journals Preclinical and Clinical Studies Demonstrate That the Proprietary Herbal Extract DA-5512 Effectively Stimulates Hair Growth and Promotes Hair Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Yu ◽  
Biki Gupta ◽  
Hyoung Geun Park ◽  
Miwon Son ◽  
Joon-Ho Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells

The proprietary DA-5512 formulation comprises six herbal extracts from traditional oriental plants historically associated with therapeutic and other applications related to hair. Here, we investigated the effects of DA-5512 on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and conducted a clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-5512. DA-5512 significantly enhanced the viability of hDPCs in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05), and 100 ppm of DA-5512 and 1 μM minoxidil (MXD) significantly increased the number of Ki-67-positive cells, compared with the control group (p<0.05). MXD (3%) and DA-5512 (1%, 5%) significantly stimulated hair growth and increased the number and length of hair follicles (HFs) versus the controls (each p<0.05). The groups treated with DA-5512 exhibited hair growth comparable to that induced by MXD. In clinical study, we detected a statistically significant increase in the efficacy of DA-5512 after 16 weeks compared with the groups treated with placebo or 3% MXD (p<0.05). In conclusion, DA-5512 might promote hair growth and enhance hair health and can therefore be considered an effective option for treating hair loss.

scholarly journals RATIO OF PROCESSES OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS IN THE SKIN UNDER EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METAL SALTS AND CHELATORS OF ESSENTIAL METALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Nikolaeva ◽  
V. S. Polyakova ◽  
N. P. Setko ◽  
L. G. Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Zinc Chelator ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

In the model experiment on C57BL /6 mice there were established features of the impact of heavy metals and chelators of essential metals on proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial skin cells (keratinocytes). For the execution of a study 40 test animals were divided into seven experimental and 1 control groups, each consisted of five animals. The proliferative and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes was determined by the immunohistochemical method and evaluated by calculating the proliferation index and the index of apoptosis in the cells of the surface epithelium and the epithelial cells of hair follicles in the late anagen stage. Comparative analysis of the proliferation index of the control group and experimental groups showed administration of zinc sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals to give rise in a statistically significant increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes. The decline of proliferation index was detected in animals treated with lead acetate and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate). Introduction of an iron chelator (deferoxamine) had no effect on the proliferative activity of keratinocytes in experimental animals. Induction of apoptosis of epithelial cell was noted under the administration of nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate, lead acetate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals. In mice received deferoxamine zinc sulfate and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes has not changed. The use of cluster analysis allowed to classify substances administered to experimental animals, taking into account their simultaneous effect on the studied cellular processes. Lead acetate, iron chelator (deferoxamine) and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) were shown to reduce the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and have little effect on apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the skin. Zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) activate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of keratinocytes.

Differential expression of P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146 in hydropic and molar pregnancies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mahi Balci ◽  
Gulhan Ozdemir ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Hydropic Abortion ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Positive Immunostaining ◽  
Activity Location

Abstract Objective: In this study, we investigated expressions of immunohistochemical markers P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146, in hydropic and molar specimens, to explore their role in pathogenesis of molar gestations. Design and Setting: Retrospective study. Methods: We enrolled 37 patients with a definitive pathologic diagnosis of HA (n = 10), PHM (n = 17), and CHM (n = 10). We scored immunoreactivity using antibodies against P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146 by evaluating the percentage of distinctly stained cells. Results.Compared to PHM and HA patients, CHM patients had severe cytologic atypia in CD146-positive extravillous trophoblastic column (TC) and florid syncytiotrophoblast (ST) proliferation. P57 immunostaining was negative in all but one of the CHM patients, whereas all HA and PHM patients showed positive immunostaining. PHM and HA patients also showed P63 and Ki-67 overexpression in cytotrophoblasts (CTs) compared to CHM patients. P27 was expressed in differentiated, nondividing syncytiotrophoblasts but did not yield any diagnostic aid. Conclusion: The proliferative activity location varied between molar and nonmolar pregnancies. PHM and HA patients have more progenitor cells, which express the highest levels of P63 compared to CHM patients. The loss of endogenous P63 expression in CHM cases may result in up-regulated genes, associated with invasion and metastasis, predisposing the body to a loss of epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics.P63 deficiency, like P57 deficiency, induces exaggerated proliferation and differentiation and could be used as an ancillary diagnostic tool for CHM diagnosis. Keyword: Hydatidiform mole, hydropic abortion, p63, p27, p57, Ki-67, CD146. Continuous...

scholarly journals Protein synthesizing function and the functional state of liver of rats for the continuous cadmium and lead load

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
S. O. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Cadmium and Lead on the protein synthesis and function of the rat liver. The experiments were conducted in male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, of which 4 groups of animals were formed: 1) a control group – injected drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of an aqueous solution of Cd2+ salts and Pb2+; 2) experimental group 1 – animals were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg; 3) experimental group 2 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 4) experimental group 3 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Throughout the experiment, rats were kept in a balanced diet containing all the necessary components, and animals were given drinking water, without restriction, from 0.2 liter glass bowls. The functional state of the liver of rats under the conditions of use of salts of heavy metals was investigated by the activity of aminotransferases. In long-term lead-cadmium loading in rats of the experimental groups, the functional state of the liver is characterized, which is characterized by an increase in the permeability of biological membranes of the cell membranes, which causes hyperfermentemia in blood serum, in particular aminotransferase (AST, ALT). The high activity of ALT and AST in the serum of rats under the influence of Cadmium and Lead indicates the destructive processes in the liver that cause an increase in the output of aminotransaminases from cell organelles in the blood of experimental animals. Thus, the results obtained indicate an increase in the destructive processes in the body of rats under lead-cadmium loading. Important diagnostic value for intoxication of different etiology is the determination of protein synthesis of liver function. An important indicator of liver protein synthesis is the level of total protein and its fractions in the serum. This indicator reflects the changes that occur in the body in different pathological conditions. When loaded with heavy metals in the body of rats inhibits the protein synthesis function of the liver, which is manifested by a decrease in total blood protein and albumin levels.

Expression and transgenic studies of the mouse agouti gene provide insight into the mechanisms by which mammalian coat color patterns are generated

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 3223-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Millar ◽  
M.W. Miller ◽  
M.E. Stevens ◽  
G.S. Barsh
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Agouti Gene

Expression of the agouti gene from two different promoters, one active at the midpoint of the hair cycle and the other specific for the ventrum, is responsible for generating a range of mammalian pigmentation patterns. We demonstrate that in postnatal mice transcripts from both promoters are confined to the dermal papilla of hair follicles, as predicted by classical transplantation experiments. Transcripts from the hair cycle promoter are detected in the embryonic whisker plate but not in other regions of the body before birth, whereas ventral-specific transcripts are detected in the ventral trunk of the embryo as well as ventral whisker plate. To investigate further the embryonic origins of adult pigmentation patterns, we carried out a detailed analysis of agouti expression in the embryo. The ventral-specific agouti isoform is first expressed at E10.5 in neural crest-derived ventral cells of the second branchial arch, in anterior regions of the forelimb buds and in a narrow stripe of ventral mesenchyme. By E14.5 a continuous layer of expression is observed in the upper cells of the dermis, including cells of the developing dermal papillae, and covering the entire ventral surface of the head and trunk and dorsal surfaces of the distal forelimb and hindlimb. This expression pattern reflects the domain of yellow coloration evident in adult animals and suggests that the agouti gene is regulated in part by factors responsible for establishing differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body during embryogenesis. To test the hypothesis that agouti is a paracrine signaling molecule that can influence pigment production by hair follicle melanocytes when expressed by either dermis or epidermis, as suggested by recombination and transplantation experiments, we created transgenic animals in which agouti is expressed in basal cells of the epidermis. These animals display stripes of yellow hairs corresponding to regions of epidermal agouti expression, confirming that agouti signals melanocytes to synthesize yellow pigment and providing direct evidence that it functions in a paracrine manner with a restricted radius of action.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Fermentum SCHY34 Isolated from Traditional Fermented Yak Yogurt on Lead Acetate-Induced Neurological Damage in SD Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyao Long ◽  
Haibo Wu ◽  
Yujing Zhou ◽  
Yunxiao Wan ◽  
Xunmei Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Background: Lead is a heavy metal that is widespread in nature and has extremely strong chemical toxicity in the human body especially harmful to the human nervous system. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used to maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiota, and recent reports have shown that LAB can remove metal ions through adsorption. In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 200 mg/L of lead acetate solution daily to induce chronic lead poisoning, and oral LF-SCHY34 to study its mitigation effects and mechanisms on rat neurotoxicity.Results: Through electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, it was found that the surface of the lactic acid bacteria adsorbed a large amount of lead ions, and the O and N elements in the bacteria were significantly reduced. Animal experiments showed that LF-SCHY34 maintained the morphology of rat liver, kidney, and hippocampi, reduced the accumulation of lead in the blood, liver, kidney, and brain tissue, reduced the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in rat serum, and increased δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity in serum. Further, LF-SCHY34 alleviated the lead-induced decline in spatial memory and response capacity of SD rats, and also regulated the secretion of neurotransmitters and related enzyme activities in the brain tissue of rats. LF-SCHY34 inhibited the secretion of glutamate and the activity of monoamine oxidase in brain tissue, promoted the synthesis of glutamine (Glu), norepinephrine (NE), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and increased the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and adenylate cyclase (AC). In addition, the expression of genes related to cognitive capacity in rat brain tissues such as calmodulin (CaM), protein kinase A (PKA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos, c-jun was increased by LF-SCHY as was the expression of the antioxidation genes and the anti-apoptotic gene. Conclusions: Compared with the lead poisoning treatment drug EDTA, LF-SCHY34 not only had greater lead discharge capacity than EDTA, but also had a greater alleviating effect on organ damage and oxidative damage caused by lead. As a food-grade LAB, LF-SCHY34 has great potential and research value for removing heavy metals from food and alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals.

Cultured dermal papilla cells from androgen-dependent human hair follicles (e.g. beard) contain more androgen receptors than those from non-balding areas of scalp

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Randall ◽  
M. J. Thornton ◽  
A. G. Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACT Androgens stimulate hair growth in many areas, e.g. the beard; they also induce regression and balding on the scalp with increasing age in genetically disposed individuals. The cause(s) of this biological conundrum is unknown but age-related; androgen-potentiated changes also occur in the prostate. The mesenchymederived dermal papilla situated at the base of the hair follicle is thought to play an important role in regulating the growth and development of the follicular epithelium. Since androgens probably act on the hair follicle via the dermal papilla, cultures of dermal papilla cells from human hair follicles with differing responses to androgens in vivo have been established and their ability to bind androgens assessed. Receptor binding was assayed by saturation analysis (0·05–10 nmol/l) using the synthetic non-metabolizable androgen, [3H]mibolerone. Shionogi 115 cells were also assayed as a positive control. Specific high-affinity low-capacity androgen receptors were identified in 12 dermal papilla primary cell lines with similar characteristics to established androgen receptors. Cells from androgen-sensitive follicles (beard, scrotum and pubis) contained higher levels of androgen receptors than those derived from relatively androgeninsensitive non-balding scalp follicles whether the receptor content was calculated in relation to cell number, protein or DNA content of the cells. These results support the hypothesis that androgens act on hair follicles via the dermal papilla in vivo and demonstrate that dermal papilla cells exhibit an altered phenotype in culture which depends on the body site from which they were derived. Cultured human dermal papilla cells should prove a useful model system for studies of the mechanism of androgen action, and further investigations may elucidate the paradox of why bald men can grow beards. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 141–147

scholarly journals Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Grymowicz ◽  
Ewa Rudnicka ◽  
Agnieszka Podfigurna ◽  
Paulina Napierala ◽  
Roman Smolarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme

The hair cycle and hair follicle structure are highly affected by various hormones. Androgens—such as testosterone (T); dihydrotestosterone (DHT); and their prohormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstendione (A)—are the key factors in terminal hair growth. They act on sex-specific areas of the body, converting small, straight, fair vellus hairs into larger darker terminal hairs. They bind to intracellular androgen receptors in the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle. The majority of hair follicles also require the intracellular enzyme 5-alpha reductase to convert testosterone into DHT. Apart from androgens, the role of other hormones is also currently being researched—e.g., estradiol can significantly alter the hair follicle growth and cycle by binding to estrogen receptors and influencing aromatase activity, which is responsible for converting androgen into estrogen (E2). Progesterone, at the level of the hair follicle, decreases the conversion of testosterone into DHT. The influence of prolactin (PRL) on hair growth has also been intensively investigated, and PRL and PRL receptors were detected in human scalp skin. Our review includes results from many analyses and provides a comprehensive up-to-date understanding of the subject of the effects of hormonal changes on the hair follicle.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

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