scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATAL DAMAGE TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
R. M. Manapova ◽  
Alaudin M. Aliskandiev ◽  
M. I. Izrailov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Lesions

It is generally accepted the risk factors for the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases to have a hereditary predisposition, unfavorable environmental conditions, eating disorders, emotional stress, excessive body weight, and inactivity. Also in a number of studies, it was convincingly shown the perinatal central nervous system (CNS) damage to be a risk factor for the development of GIT diseases; in the history of children with perinatal CNS lesions, chronic gastrointestinal diseases develop 3-4 times more often than in children without it in the history. Perinatal CNS damage leading to the development of a number of disorders of the nervous system is revealed in the history of the majority of children with gastrointestinal diseases, while the severity of neurological manifestations is directly related to the duration and severity of gastroenterological diseases.

scholarly journals Fatal bromethalin intoxication in 3 cats and 2 dogs with minimal or no histologic central nervous system spongiform change

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Romano ◽  
Alan T. Loynachan ◽  
Dave C. Bolin ◽  
Uneeda K. Bryant ◽  
Laura Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Spongiform Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Lesions

Use of the neurotoxic rodenticide bromethalin has steadily increased since 2011, resulting in an increased incidence of bromethalin intoxications in pets. Presumptive diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis relies on history of possible rodenticide exposure coupled with compatible neurologic signs or sudden death, and postmortem examination findings that eliminate other causes of death. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting the metabolite desmethylbromethalin (DMB) in tissues. In experimental models, spongiform change in white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) is the hallmark histologic feature of bromethalin poisoning. We describe fatal bromethalin intoxication in 3 cats and 2 dogs with equivocal or no CNS white matter spongiform change, illustrating that the lesions described in models can be absent in clinical cases of bromethalin intoxication. Cases with history and clinical signs compatible with bromethalin intoxication warrant tissue analysis for DMB even when CNS lesions are not evident.

scholarly journals Infection of the central nervous system with dengue virus 3 genotype I causing neurological manifestations in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Machado ◽  
Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida ◽  
Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
The Central Nervous System

THE FAMILY HISTORY OF SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
John Lorber
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida Cystica

1. The family histories of 722 infants who were born with spina bifida cystica were studied. 2. The index cases were referred for surgical treatment and were not selected in any way from the genetic point of view. 3. Intensive inquiries were made to obtain a complete family pedigree, including a prospective follow-up of siblings born after the index case. 4. Of 1,256 siblings 85 or 6.8% had gross malformation of the central nervous system: spina bifida cystica in 54, anencephaly in 22, and uncomplicated hydrocephalus in 9. 5. Of 306 children born after the index case 25 (8%) or 1 in 12 were affected. 6. There was a progressive increase in multiple cases in the family with increasing family size. In sibships of five or more, multiple cases occurred in 24.1%. 7. In 118 families cases of gross malformation of the central nervous system were known to have occurred among members of the family other than siblings. Cases occurred in three generations. 8. It is possible that spina bifida cystica might be a recessively inherited condition.

scholarly journals The life history of Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970: a parasite of the common laboratory animal: the frog of the genus Leptodactylus

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvio Celso Goncalves da Costa ◽  
Samuel B. Pessoa ◽  
Neize de Moura Pereira ◽  
Tania Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Neuropathologic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Pacheco-Herrero ◽  
Luis O. Soto-Rojas ◽  
Charles R. Harrington ◽  
Yazmin M. Flores-Martinez ◽  
Marcos M. Villegas-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The current pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency. To date, March 1, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused about 114 million accumulated cases and 2.53 million deaths worldwide. Previous pieces of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It is also known that angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, is expressed in different brain areas and cell types. Thus, it is hypothesized that infection by this virus could generate or exacerbate neuropathological alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms that link COVID-19 disease and nerve damage are unclear. In this review, we describe the routes of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system. We also analyze the neuropathologic mechanisms underlying this viral infection, and their potential relationship with the neurological manifestations described in patients with COVID-19, and the appearance or exacerbation of some neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Ecstasy-Associated Pneumomediastinum

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana F Marasco ◽  
H Kiat Lim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
The Hours ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

INTRODUCTION Ecstasy, also known as MDMA (3,4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine), is a popular illicit party drug amongst young adults. The drug induces a state of euphoria secondary to its stimulant activity in the central nervous system. PATIENTS AND METHODS A database review at two major inner city hospitals was undertaken to identify patients presenting with pneumomediastinum and their charts reviewed. A Medline review of all reported cases of pneumomediastinum associated with ecstasy abuse was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 56 patients presenting with pneumomediastinum were identified over a 5-year period. Review of the charts revealed a history of ecstasy use in the hours prior to presentation in six of these patients, representing the largest series reported to date. CONCLUSIONS Review of previously reported cases reveals the likely mechanism is due to Valsalva manoeuvre during periods of extreme physical exertion, and not a direct pharmacological effect of the drug.

Risperidone in the Treatment of Pervasive Developmental Disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot E. Purdon ◽  
Wilson Lit ◽  
Alain Labelle ◽  
Barry D.W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorder ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Elevated concentrations of blood serotonin have been documented in autistic children and mentally retarded adults. Antiserotonergic pharmacotherapy has been partially effective in treating a subgroup of children with autistic disorder. Therefore, the possibility is raised that an antiserotonergic treatment may be of value to adult psychiatric patients with a history of pervasive developmental disorder. Two such cases are described where the patients underwent psychiatric and neuropsychological examination before and after treatment with risperidone, a potent 5-HT2 antagonist with additional D2 antagonistic properties. Particular improvements were documented in both patients, despite long histories of cognitive compromise and high likelihood of damage to the central nervous system.

Modern Blockbusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schmidt ◽  
Simon Shorvon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Five modern antiepileptic drugs have reached the fabled blockbuster status (more than $1 billion sales per year), albeit for treatment of not only epilepsy but for other disorders of the central nervous system too. These drugs generated huge profits, and the chapter asks, how were they discovered and are they worth their money? The history of the five blockbusters—levetiracetam, lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, and pregabalin—provides an interesting study of chance, science, wrong ideas, and finance, and most importantly luck. The discovery of the antiepileptic effects of some of these compounds was stumbled upon by simple good fortune, and others barely escaped an early demise during an unpromising early development. Despite the commercial success, no study has shown any of these drugs to be any more effective than older drugs, yet they made billions. This chapter examines how industry could do this and what the drivers are for success.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document