scholarly journals CURRENT ASPECTS OF AUTISM PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Rimma N. Terletskaya ◽  
Ludmila M. Kuzenkova ◽  
Irina V. Vinyarskaya ◽  
Anna N. Lashkova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Official Data

Introduction. Knowledge of the prevalence of autism in children is a prerequisite for the organization of medical and social care for this population of patients. Aim: to determine the prevalence of autism among the children of the Russian Federation of different age groups according to official statistics. Materials and methods. An analysis of official data on the incidence and prevalence of disability in autism in children of different age groups (0-4 years, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-17 years) for the period 2016-2018 was carried out. The share of autism in the structure of morbidity and disability caused by mental disorders and behavioral disorders was determined. Results. There has been an increase in cases of autism diagnosis among the child population, extremely significant among adolescents aged 15-17. The age structure of autism cases has changed - the proportion of children aged 0-4, 5-9 and the proportion of adolescents aged 15-17 has significantly decreased. The prevalence of autism-related disability compared to morbidity has not increased as significantly. Its highest rates were among children aged 5-9. Due to the sharp increase in autism cases, the proportion of persons with disabilities among them has decreased several times. The incidence of autism in the structure of morbidity and disability caused by mental disorders and behavioral disorders in children aged 0-17 has increased. Conclusion. The obtained data can be used in the organization of medical and social care for children suffering from autism. The need for special epidemiological studies to determine the true prevalence of autism in children seems relevant.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IMMUNIZATION WITH ANTI-INFLUENZA VACCINE ON THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Нарышкина ◽  
Svetlana Naryshkina ◽  
Людмила Круглякова ◽  
Lyudmila Kruglyakova ◽  
Людмила Бугаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
The People ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Official Data

The community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a very widespread disease and one of frequent causes of death. The stable relation of seasonal dynamics of indicators of a case rate of CAP with incidence of acute respiratory viral infection and flu becomes perceptible. One of the modern trends of decreasing the incidence and mortality at CAP is immunization with anti-influenza vaccines. Flu immunizations are included in the National calendar of preventive immunization of the Russian Federation. According to official data of the Ministry of Health of the Amur region, in 2015, 2016 and 2017 there were vaccinated 39.7%, 45.4% and 46.2% of population, respectively. CAP case rate in the group immunized with anti-influenza vaccine and in the group not immunized were analyzed. The decrease of the case rate of CAP in patients immunized from flu by 2.4 times in comparison with the people who were not vaccinated from flu was revealed. Against the background of mass vaccination against flu there was a change of clinical implications of CAP: the number of people with mild forms of illness enlarged. Lethality decreased: from 179 immunized people only one patient died, whereas from 393 not immunized people 28 patients had a lethal outcome. The case rate of CAP in people of the senior age groups decreased from 32.2% in 2009-2014 till 21.7% in 2015, from 17.8% in 2016 till 15.9% in 2017. Thus, immunization against flu is followed by an essential decrease of indicators of a case rate of CAP, relief of a disease and improvement of a disease outcome.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19 IN VOLGOGRAD REGION: INTERIM RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
S.K. Udovichenko ◽  
◽  
K.V. Zhukov ◽  
D.N. Nikitin ◽  
A.V. Toporkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Official Data

An assessment of the manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Volgograd region in terms of intensity, territorial distribution, structure, and clinical patterns of the disease was carried out. The study used the official data of the Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Volgograd region. From March 24 to October 18, 2020, 17 811 cases of COVID-19 were registered in the region, the incidence rate was 715 per 100 thousand of the population, the case fatality rate was 0,98 %. An uneven distribution of morbidity over the territory was established: 42,3 % of cases were detected in Volgograd, 10,1% in Volzhsky and 6 % in Kamyshinsky district. The age groups 40–49 years old (17,6 %) and 50–59 years old (19,2 %) are most involved in the epidemic process. In the cases structure, the prevalence of females was noted (58,3 %). The clinical patterns of the disease are characterized by the predominance of mild forms (46,8 %), there is a trend to reduce asymptomatic forms and an increase in moderate manifestations. In the Volgograd region, a lower frequency of severe forms and deaths registration has been established in comparison with the Russian Federation. In the social structure of the infected people, the largest share is made up of pensioners (26,3 %) and workers (16,9 %)

scholarly journals Hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in the Unified Health System in Sergipe-Brazil in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
K. M. H. Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health System ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hospital Morbidity ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

In Brazil, despite the increasing use of information systems in research on morbidity in hospitalization authorizations, there are few epidemiological studies on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders, although it is known that they imply a high financial cost for assistance in hospitalization. health and disability of the affected. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in the Unified Health System (UHS) in Sergipe in 2018. This is a documentary research based on UHS hospital admissions records provided by the Department of Informatics of the UHS. In Sergipe, the largest number of hospitalizations in 2018 occurred in male patients, aged 30 to 39 years, and its higher frequency was due to schizophrenia, schizotypic and delusional disorders. There was a difference in the second cause of psychiatric hospitalizations in relation to sex. For men, the second most frequent diagnosis in hospitalizations for mental disorders was related to the use of other psychoactive substances, while for women were those of mood. These hospitalizations motivated by mental and behavioral disorders in 2018 occurred mainly in the capital Aracaju (95.5%). Knowing the profile of hospitalizations for mental disorders by the Hospital Information System can be useful not only for the epidemiological knowledge of these disorders and the planning of public health actions, but also for evaluating the effectiveness of public policies implemented in the mental health area. 

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

Analysis of vitamin D deficiency in patients of different age groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Timur Minasov ◽  
Radik Nurlygayanov ◽  
Angela Vershinina ◽  
Yulia Soboleva ◽  
Damir Akhmeldinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Physiological Values

The results of a study of the concentration of vitamin D in blood serum of 3455 residents of Ufa are presented. Physiological values of 25(OH)D were observed in 34.9 % (274) of men and 31.7 % (847) of women, which is 32.4 % (1121) of all examined. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 67.1 % of the examined. The level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of residents is on average 75 nmol/L, which is the upper limit of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among residents of this region of the Russian Federation (67.1 %).

Historical Foundations of Development of the Institution of Employment Contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya Chernenilova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article describes the periods of development of the legal institution of employment contract in Russia. The characteristic features for each of them are defined. The first period was the longest and was marked by develogment of the contract of personal employment as the origin of the modern institution of employment contract. In the second period, the contract of personal employment represented the institution of civil law, and later became the subject of study of the civil law science. At that time the industrial law of the country was forming. A distinctive feature of the third period was the adoption of codified acts, as well as differentiation in the legal regulation of labor relations of temporary and seasonal workers. The fourth period is characterized by changes in state-legal methods of economic management. With the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation labor legislation was assigned to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects. It is concluded that the adoption of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation necessitates a more accurate study of the problems arising in the application of specific rules of law governing the peculiarities of labor of certain categories of workers (for example, labor relations with persons with disabilities are not yet perfect because of the youth of the labor law), conflict of laws issues arising in practice, contradictions that occur in a huge array of legal documents not only in labor law, but also in other branches of law.

(The Social Situation of the Disabled in the Russian Federation, Subject to the Provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Georgievna Ragozina ◽  
Dmitriy M. Rogozin ◽  
Sergey Anatol'evitch Vasin ◽  
Alexandra Burdyak ◽  
Alla Tyndik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Genevieve Moseley ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Felice Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.

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