scholarly journals EPIDEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19 IN VOLGOGRAD REGION: INTERIM RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
S.K. Udovichenko ◽  
◽  
K.V. Zhukov ◽  
D.N. Nikitin ◽  
A.V. Toporkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Official Data

An assessment of the manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Volgograd region in terms of intensity, territorial distribution, structure, and clinical patterns of the disease was carried out. The study used the official data of the Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Volgograd region. From March 24 to October 18, 2020, 17 811 cases of COVID-19 were registered in the region, the incidence rate was 715 per 100 thousand of the population, the case fatality rate was 0,98 %. An uneven distribution of morbidity over the territory was established: 42,3 % of cases were detected in Volgograd, 10,1% in Volzhsky and 6 % in Kamyshinsky district. The age groups 40–49 years old (17,6 %) and 50–59 years old (19,2 %) are most involved in the epidemic process. In the cases structure, the prevalence of females was noted (58,3 %). The clinical patterns of the disease are characterized by the predominance of mild forms (46,8 %), there is a trend to reduce asymptomatic forms and an increase in moderate manifestations. In the Volgograd region, a lower frequency of severe forms and deaths registration has been established in comparison with the Russian Federation. In the social structure of the infected people, the largest share is made up of pensioners (26,3 %) and workers (16,9 %)

scholarly journals Chagas Disease-Related Mortality in Spain, 1997 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon ◽  
Jara Llenas-García ◽  
Hector Pinargote-Celorio ◽  
Veronica Sánchez-García ◽  
Philip Wikman-Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Male Sex

Background. Chagas disease (CD) is associated with excess mortality in infected people in endemic countries, but little information is available in non-endemic countries. The aim of the study was to analyze mortality in patients admitted to the hospital with CD in Spain. Methods. A retrospective, observational study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. We used the CD diagnostic codes of the 9th and 10th International Classification of Diseases to retrieve CD cases from the national public registry from 1997 to 2018. Results. Of the 5022 hospital admissions in people with CD, there were 56 deaths (case fatality rate (CFR) 1.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8%, 1.4%), 20 (35.7%) of which were considered directly related to CD. The median age was higher in those who died (54.5 vs. 38 years; p < 0.001). The CFR increased with age, peaking in the 70–79-year (7.9%, odds ratio (OR) 6.27, 95% CI 1.27, 30.90) and 80–89-year (16.7%, OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.70, 79.90) age groups. Men comprised a higher proportion of those who died compared to survivors (50% vs. 22.6%; p < 0.001). Non-survivors were more likely to have neoplasms (19.6% vs. 3.4%; p < 0.001), heart failure (17.9% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.002), diabetes (12.5% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.001), chronic kidney failure (8.9% vs. 1.6%; p < 0.001), and HIV (8.9% vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the variables associated with mortality were age (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.07), male sex (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03, 3.14), cancer (aOR: 4.84, 95% CI 2.13, 11.22), and HIV infection (aOR 14.10 95% CI 4.88, 40.73). Conclusions. The case fatality rate of CD hospitalization was about 1%. The mortality risk increased with age, male sex, cancer, and HIV infection.

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Social Inequality Report

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Yago Bernardo ◽  
Denes do Rosario ◽  
Carlos Conte-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Retrospective Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Background and Objectives: To perform a retrospective report on the lethality of COVID-19 in different realities in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Materials and Methods: We accomplished an observational study by collecting the data about total confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the top 10 high social developed neighborhoods and top 10 most populous favelas in RJ to determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) and compare these two different realities. Results: CFR was significatively higher in poverty areas of RJ, reaching a mean of 9.08% in the most populous favelas and a mean of 4.87% in the socially developed neighborhoods. Conclusions: The social mitigation measures adopted in RJ have benefited only smaller portions of the population, excluding needy communities.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE RURAL POPULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE IN MUNICIPALITIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Z. M. Khasheva ◽  
J. A. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on direct and indirect factors affecting the development and functioning of the social sphere in rural settlements. The high role and importance of the actions of local governments in meeting the social needs of the population is noted. The author considers the criteria related to the organization of social facilities in municipalities. Analysis of the performance of the population in the municipal areas. The comparison of population size and density in different regions of the Russian Federation is carried out. Changes in the socio-economic situation of the population due to the impact of various factors are evaluated. The statistics of change of number of rural settlements of the Volgograd region are resulted.

scholarly journals Disease Profile and Death Pattern among the Children Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Be Nazir Ahmmad ◽  
Fazlur Rahman ◽  
Naznin Parvin ◽  
Md Shamsul Alam ◽  
Shitangshu Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Medical College

Background: Rajshahi medical college hospital is a tertiary care teaching and referral center in the North-West part of Bangladesh. To assess the epidemiological trend in hospital admission, including morbidity and mortality pattern of illness in the pediatric population, it needs to develop effective health care planning, appropriate resource allocation, and integration of existing health care service facilities. Objective: To evaluate the diseases and deaths of children admitted in the department of pediatrics, Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study. The collected case records of all patients admitted in the department of pediatrics from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019 (3 years) were analyzed.  Result: A total of 62000 children were admitted during the mentioned study period. All the patients were distributed into three age groups infant, under five, and more than five, contributing 22%, 27.5%, and 19%, respectively. Acute watery diarrhea (21%), hereditary hemolytic anemia (18%), bronchopneumonia (10.4%), acute gastritis (9.4%), and acute bronchiolitis and wheezy child (7.17%) were the top five diseases in each of the three years of admission. Among the total admitted patients, 1003 (1.61%) patients died. Infant, under five, and more than five age groups constitute 61.3%, 28.1%, and 15.1%, respectively. Encephalitis and fulminant hepatic failure found the top two diseases causing death with a case fatality rate was 61% and 43%, respectively. The next highest case fatality rate was found in acute leukemia (15%). Other common causes of death include meningitis, cerebral palsy with complications (7.5%), bronchopneumonia with complications (3.8%). Conclusion: An admission-related comprehensive evaluation of this study will help to understand the diseases and death patterns of a hospital, leading to the development of more effective planning and case management strategies. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 55-62

Phylogenetic group and serotype of E. coli isolates are important risk factors affecting intensity of colibacillosis in broilers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. Gupta ◽  
N. Jindal and Y.C. Bangar
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1

The study was conducted on 106 E. coli isolates to determine the phylogenetic group, serotype and carriage of Class 1 integrons in isolates and ascertain their association along with other parameters with vital disease measures in broiler flocks affected with colibacillosis. Out of 32 isolates of which “O” antigen was characterized, serogroup O2 comprising of 12 (37.5%) isolates was most prevalent in the present study. Most of the isolates (85/106; 80.19%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mean apparent morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) were 3.77%, 2.32% and 61.49%, respectively. There was significant difference in number of outbreaks reported in different age groups (p less than 0.0001). Also, there was significant association between phylogenetic group and age of outbreak due to E. coli (p=0.024). Comparatively, no significant association was observed between age of outbreaks and serotypes (p=0.980). There was significant association between various disease measures and E. coli isolates affiliated to various phylogenetic groups and serotypes. All the measures (apparent morbidity, mortality and CFR) of disease were highest in outbreaks due to isolates of phylogenetic group B2 and serogroup O20. However, the measures were not significantly affected by the presence of integrons in the E. coli.

scholarly journals Social Programs in the Structure of Expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of the Federa-tion Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. S. Dmitriev ◽  
A. M. Stash
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to examine the role of social programs in the structure of expenditures of the consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation and the Volgograd region, to identify the main directions for improving the content of targeted programs aimed at implementing specific measures in the field of social policy.Materials and methods: the methodology includes structural and statistical analysis, methods of economic forecasting and modeling. The analysis uses official statistical data, as well as re-ports on the performance of the consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation and the Volgograd region in the period 2014-2018. The paper contains an analysis of both scientific periodicals and non-periodical publications devoted to the topic of this study.Results: the paper discusses the features of spending budget funds for the implementation of social programs at both the federal and regional levels, reflects the model of the impact of the volume of budget financing of the social sphere on the state of the regional economy. In the course of the work, recommendations were developed to improve the mechanism for allocating financial resources, including elements of public-private partnership, as well as to stimulate the development of socially-oriented non-profit organizations that can become effective intermediaries between government agencies and the population in the implementation of social policy measures. The study revealed an upward trend in the volume of budget funds allocated for the implementation of activities within the framework of social environment development programs. At the same time, it was noted that this growth is partially offset by the dynamics of inflation, which indicates the need to optimize expenditure items taking into account data on changes in the consumer price index and the level of real incomes of citizens.Conclusion: centralizing the management of socio-economic development processes seems to be the most rational course of action in an unstable economic system. Improving the quality of life of the population of the regions occurs in the conditions of transformation of economic systems, during which the regional economy joins allRussian course. In the course of the work, the need to improve the effectiveness of the implemented social policy was justified, which becomes especially necessary in the conditions of increasing rates of population outflow from the Volgograd region. The developed social sphere of the region makes it possible to form effective civil society institutions, in which the population independently participates in the process of improving the social environment. To ensure control over timely and complete budget execution, state audit methods can be used (we are talking about regional and municipal control and accounting bodies), including strategic audit, which allows proactive control of the effectiveness of upcoming events. The results of this study can be used to track the dynamics of budget spending in the implementation of socially-oriented programs, as well as to determine the most promising areas of budget financing of the social environment.

scholarly journals The Uncertainties Underlying Herd Immunity against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Rahimi ◽  
Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Rate Transmission ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

Herd immunity happens when a relatively large proportion of a population becomes infected by an agent, subsequently recovers, and attains immunity against the same agent. That proportion thus indirectly protects the naïve population by preventing the spread of the infection. Herd immunity has been suggested to interrupt and control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relying on establishing herd immunity can be catastrophic considering the virulence and lethality of SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile our understanding of the pathogenesis, case-fatality rate, transmission routes, and antiviral therapy for COVID-19 remains limited now. Interrupting or slowing the COVID-19 transmission seems more opportune than vaccination, antiviral therapy, or herd immunity, all of which will take some time to yield. Thus, social distancing, face-masking, and hygiene are the most appropriate immediate countermeasures. Because the social fabrics, economic implications, and local demands of various nations are unique, early relaxation of restrictions may seem hasty particularly when fatality rates are high, or when the healthcare systems could be inadequate or become inundated. Conclusively, avoiding any overwhelmingly risky approach in fighting the pandemic is prudent.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IMMUNIZATION WITH ANTI-INFLUENZA VACCINE ON THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Нарышкина ◽  
Svetlana Naryshkina ◽  
Людмила Круглякова ◽  
Lyudmila Kruglyakova ◽  
Людмила Бугаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
The People ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Official Data

The community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a very widespread disease and one of frequent causes of death. The stable relation of seasonal dynamics of indicators of a case rate of CAP with incidence of acute respiratory viral infection and flu becomes perceptible. One of the modern trends of decreasing the incidence and mortality at CAP is immunization with anti-influenza vaccines. Flu immunizations are included in the National calendar of preventive immunization of the Russian Federation. According to official data of the Ministry of Health of the Amur region, in 2015, 2016 and 2017 there were vaccinated 39.7%, 45.4% and 46.2% of population, respectively. CAP case rate in the group immunized with anti-influenza vaccine and in the group not immunized were analyzed. The decrease of the case rate of CAP in patients immunized from flu by 2.4 times in comparison with the people who were not vaccinated from flu was revealed. Against the background of mass vaccination against flu there was a change of clinical implications of CAP: the number of people with mild forms of illness enlarged. Lethality decreased: from 179 immunized people only one patient died, whereas from 393 not immunized people 28 patients had a lethal outcome. The case rate of CAP in people of the senior age groups decreased from 32.2% in 2009-2014 till 21.7% in 2015, from 17.8% in 2016 till 15.9% in 2017. Thus, immunization against flu is followed by an essential decrease of indicators of a case rate of CAP, relief of a disease and improvement of a disease outcome.

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 2nd report

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
A.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective. To perform an interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 related to contacts and secondary cases of infection in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. We analyzed 190,856 primary COVID-19 cases and 146,996 people who had been in contact with them. We used some data of monitoring performed by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in January–June 2020. We characterized the foci of infection and people who had contacts with primary COVID-19 cases and secondary cases of infection. Results. Just over half (50.02%) of study participants who had contacts with COVID-19 contacted with primary patients with mild disease, whereas 45.40% of individuals contacted with patients with moderate disease and 4.58% of individuals had contacts with patients with severe disease. Patients with mild COVID-19 interacted with more people, which resulted in a greater number of secondary cases of infection. The highest proportion of both primary COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 was observed in the age group of 41–64 years (44.42% and 44.51%, respectively). Approximately one third of COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 were 18 to 40 years old (30.20% and 34.21% respectively). The proportions of children aged 0–6 years and 7–17 years among COVID-19 patients were 2.70% and 4.02%, respectively; the same proportions among those who had contact with COVID-19 cases were 1.94 and 3.13%, respectively. Household contacts were the most common ways of COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Patients aged between 40 and 64 years played the most significant role in the transmission of this infection in different foci. Individuals from this age group comprised 42.02% of patients infected in social institutions, 43.40% of those who had household contacts, and 47.70% of those infected at work. Conclusion. Patients with mild and moderate disease aged 18 to 64 years had the highest number of contacts and, therefore, caused the highest number of secondary cases of infection. Household contacts played the most important role in COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Among people aged 18 to 64 years, COVID-19 transmission at work was also important. In all foci of infection, the majority of patients were in the age group of 40–64 years. Our findings can be used to optimize the preventive measures for COVID-19. Key words: epidemic process, age groups, severity, contacts, COVID-19, Russia, household contacts

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