scholarly journals The relationship between prosocial behaviours, aggression types and moral—social rule knowledge in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Esra Dereli
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Moral Rule ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Rule ◽  
Rule Knowledge ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of the present study was to investigate prosocial behaviour, aggression types and moral and social rule knowledge perceptions of 4–5 year old preschool children. The study sample included 310 children (154 female and 156 male), who were attending a pre-school education institution during the 2017–2018 academic year. A personal information form, Pre-School Social Behavior Scale-Teacher Form and Moral and Social Rule Knowledge Perception Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. In the study, it was determined that there were moderate significant correlations between prosocial behaviour, aggression types and moral and social rule knowledge perceptions of 4–5 year old preschool children. It was also determined that prosocial behaviour and aggression types scores of the children significantly predicted their moral and social rule knowledge perception scores. Keywords: Prosocial behaviours, aggression types, moral rule knowledge, social rule knowledge.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Grup Investigation (GI) Berbantuan Vidio Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ketut Hariawan
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Academic Year

This action research aims: (1) to improve the science learning outcomes of VIIA class students in the even semester of SMP Negeri 1 Manggis in the academic year 2017/2018 by applying the learning investigation (GI) learning model assisted by learning videos. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were 30 students in class VIIA, and the object of this study was the science learning outcomes. This action research is planned to be carried out in two cycles. Learning outcomes data were collected using multiple choice tests. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) The natural science learning outcomes of the VIIA class in the second semester increased in the first cycle by an average of 70, 70% absorption, with a 50% grade completeness, and an average cycle II of 77, 77 absorption %, with 86.6% class completeness. With the achievement of an average of 77 Natural Science learning outcomes, it means that it is above the established success level of 70, so that the action is considered successful. Thus it can be said that the application of the learning investigation (GI) group learning model assisted by learning videos can improve the learning outcomes of natural science students in class VIIA an even number at SMPN 1 Manggis in the academic year 2017/2018.

scholarly journals Majority and popularity effects on norm formation in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana da Silva Pinho ◽  
Lucas Molleman ◽  
Barbara R. Braams ◽  
Wouter van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

AbstractPersonal norms consist of individuals’ attitudes about the appropriateness of behaviour. These norms guide adolescents’ behaviour in countless domains that are fundamental for their social functioning and well-being. Peers are known to have a marked influence on adolescent risk-taking and prosocial behaviour, but little is known about how peers shape personal norms underlying those behaviours. Here we show that adolescents’ personal norms are decisively moulded by the norms of the majority and popular peers in their social network. Our experiment indicates that observing peer norms substantially impacts adolescents’ normative evaluation of risk-taking and prosocial behaviours. The majority norm had a stronger impact than the norm of a single popular peer, and norm adjustments were largest when adolescents observed strong disapproval of risk-taking or strong approval of prosocial behaviour. Our study suggests that learning about peer norms likely promotes adolescents to hold views and values supporting socially desirable behaviour.

scholarly journals Men increase time spent on a charitable task when in the presence of women and other men: Evidence of competitive altruism in online mating scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Farmer ◽  
Daniel Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Real World ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Competitive Altruism ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

AbstractPrevious research shows that competition can increase altruistic behaviour, however, the majority of such research focuses on financial costs and so our understanding is currently limited. Subsequently, the present study explored how competitive altruism can affect prosocial behaviour where time spent is the currency, using a real world charity. A sample of 67 men and 71 women completed the online altruistic task. As hypothesised, significant differences in giving behaviour due to competition were present in men but not women, suggesting that men use time spent here as a signal in mate choice scenarios. These findings therefore expand upon previous research on financial altruism, using artificial and/or hypothetical scenarios, by demonstrating that competitive altruism can be applied to real-world scenarios, where prosocial behaviours are of benefit. It also builds on previous research showing that men can compete with other men to display their altruistic nature to potential mates.

scholarly journals Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hernández-Serrano ◽  
José P. Espada ◽  
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Age Range

<p>The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (<em>M </em>= 14.92; <em>SD </em>= 0.90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. Logistic regression analyses revealed statistical significance of the prosocial behaviour with respect to the use of alcohol and cannabis. The ability in problem-solving was the most important protective predictor with respect to the abuse of cannabis. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the promotion of prosocial behaviours and/or problem-solving strategies as fundamental protective factors for substance use amongst adolescents.</p>

scholarly journals History Teaching Approaches Preferred by Turkish and Russian History Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Osman Akhan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Teachers ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
E Mail

The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of Turkish and Russian history teachers regarding teaching of history, and to present, on a comparative basis, the understanding of history in the two countries as well as the methods of history teaching preferred by the teachers there. The research was designed as a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The sample consisted of 13 Turkish and 13 Russian teachers working as history teachers in Turkey and Russia in the 2020- 2021 academic year. The convenience sampling method was used in the study. The data of the study were collected by correspondence via e-mail with a questionnaire form consisting of open-ended questions created by the researchers. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. When the results of the study are evaluated in general, it is observed that the Russian history teachers are more flexible in history teaching and attach more importance to innovative history teaching, while the Turkish teachers perform more curriculum-centered history teaching compared to their Russian colleagues. In addition, it can be said that Russian history teachers pay more attention to their professional development than Turkish history teachers, and they incorporate more historical thinking skills in classroom activities. It is possible to say that the results of the study originate from the objectives of history teaching in the two countries.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING THE ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING REPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Rica S Wurayaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Academic Year

This qualitative study with a case study research scheme is aimed to find out the factors influencing accounting students’ understanding of the English terminology in accounting reports (balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement). The sample is the first semester students of the Accounting Department of Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya academic year 2020-2021. The understanding of English terminology in accounting reports can help the students in preparing themselves for Free Trade in a disruptive era. The analysis of this study is using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study are the description of the factors influencing accounting students’ understanding of the English terminology in accounting reports as for the first semester students this specific terminology may cause confusion which leads to misunderstanding.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA BERBASIS STRATEGI BELAJAR PETA KONSEP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Aditya Pratama ◽  
Leny Yuanita ◽  
Endang Susantini
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Concept Map ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Chemistry Teaching ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Non Parametric

The purpose of this research is produce chemistry teaching material using concept map strategy that valid, practical, and effective to improve understanding of concept and critical thingking ability of student in senior high school. The development of teaching material used to four D Models and was tested to 2 classes in class X of SMAN 1 Muara Bengkal second semester in academic year 2014/2015. Teaching material tested to One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Tested of teaching material used to one group pretest and posttest design. The data collection used observation method, test, and quetionnaires. The data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis of quantitative, qualitative and statistic non parametric. The results of this research are: 1) Teaching material developed has a valid category; 2) The practicality of teaching material in terms of a good category in feasibility of lesson plans and the students activities in accordance with steps of direct instruction using concept map strategy; and 3) The teaching material effectiveness in terms of: (a) Improving understanding of concept and critical thingking ability of student by getting the n-gain score from students and  the result of non parametric analysis (b) The students’ responds toward material and implementation of teaching are very positive. It’s conclusion that the teaching material through concept map strategy are valid, practical, and effective to improve understanding of concept and critical thingking ability of student in senior high school. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran Kimia yang berbasis strategi belajar peta konsep yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model 4-D dan diujicobakan pada 2 kelas di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Muara Bengkal pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Ujicoba perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan rancangan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, tes, dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, kualitatif dan uji statistik nonparametrik. Temuan hasil penelitian, yaitu: 1) Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berkategori valid; 2) Kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran ditinjau dari keterlaksanaan RPP berkategori baik dan aktivitas siswa sesuai dengan tahapan-tahapan pada model pembelajaran langsung yang menerapkan strategi belajar peta konsep; dan 3) Keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran ditinjau dari: (a) Peningkatan Hasil belajar pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang  terlihat dari nilai n-gain masing-masing siswa serta hasil analisis data nonparametrik yang telah dilakukan; (b) Respon siswa terhadap perangkat dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran sangat positif. Disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran kimia berbasis strategi belajar peta konsep yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA.

scholarly journals Examination of the Perceptions on the View of Preschool Teachers About School Counselor

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Ü. Öztabak
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
School Administrator ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Preschool Teacher ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
European Side

The responsibility of the development and the achievement of the child seems to be put on the shoulders of the preschool teacher. However, education is a teamwork in which not only teacher but also school administrator, family, school counselor (psychological counselor) and other supporting units should take active duty and work in cooperation. The school counselor plays an important role in following and supporting the child's bio-psycho-social development in this process. For all that, it is noteworthy that there is no effective cooperation between preschool teacher and school counselor. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of preschool teachers about school counselors. The data on school counselors’ perceptions was collected by metaphor analysis method. Content analysis was used to classify the data. The study group of the research consisted of 221 preschool teachers working in European side of Istanbul during the academic year of 2016-2017. As a means of collecting data, teachers were asked to complete the sentence "School counselor is like .............. because ..........". Also the "personal information form" was used to obtain demographic information. Conceptual categories were created by analyzing the reasons why teachers prefered and used their spesific expressions to complete the survey. It was determined that the school counselor perceived positive expressions such as advisor, helper, guiding, problem solver, supporting.

scholarly journals Gender differences related to parental role of the youths’ moral and emotional intelligence developmentGençlerin ahlak ve duygusal zekâ gelişiminde ebeveyn rolüne yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet farklılıkları

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Özabacı ◽  
Tansu Mutlu ◽  
Duygu Çavdar ◽  
Eren Can Aybek
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Intelligence Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year

Morality is related to differentiation between ‘good (may be right)’ or ‘bad (may be wrong)’. It usually includes a range of rules that individuals what they should do or should not do in their society. Morality is a kind of specific cognitive concept that involves conscious judgment and making decision on issues related to rightfulness, injustice, right-wrong, good-bad and behave in parallel with these decisions and judgments. Emotional intelligence has a moral dimension as well. Goleman clarifies concept of emotional intelligence, and he underlines emotions’ role on human behaviour and their close relationships. According to Goleman, the emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of one self, others, and groups. The study group consists of eight undergraduate students were studying at Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Education in the academic year 2013-2014. Students were selected from 183 university students among their results from Emotional Intelligence Scale (Ergin, Ismen and Ozabacı, 1999) and Determination of Value Test (Rest, 1979) was applied with 183 undergraduate students with the method of standards sampling with the help of the minimum and maximum scores was selected from individuals (Yildirim and Simsek, 2008). The data were collected by a semi-structured interview form that was prepared by the researchers. The development of form was created for the purpose of considering the questions of the study. Data were collected by interview and qualitative data collection techniques. During the interviews, audio recording was used with the data were analysed the collected recordings with the descriptive analysis. After the categorization of data, the Cappa coefficient was calculated for the consistency between categories. The majority of the participants explained themselves as fair, honest, and emotional. ÖzetAhlak, bireyin doğru ile yanlışı ayırt edebilmesini sağlayan ilkeler ve değerler bütünüdür. Ahlak gelişimi toplumun tüm değerlerine kayıtsız şartsız edilgin bir uyma değil, topluma etkin bir uyum sağlamak için değerler sistemi oluşturma süreci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Duygusal zekâ, kişinin kendisinin ve başkalarının hislerini tanıma, kendisini motive etme, içindeki ve ilişkilerindeki duyguları yönetme yetisidir. Ona göre duygusal zekâ ahlaki boyutun bir parçasıdır. Araştırma, probleme uygun olarak algıların gerçekçi ve bütüncül bir biçimde, derinlemesine ortaya konmasını hedefleyen nitel araştırma modeli ve olgu bilim deseni ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde 2013-2014 öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 8 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler, daha önceden kendilerine Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği (Ergin, İşmen ve Özabacı, 1999) ve Değerlerin Belirlenmesi Testi (Rest, 1979) uygulanmış olan 183 lisans öğrencisi arasından aykırı durum örneklemesi (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2008) yardımıyla en az ve en çok puan alan bireyler arasından seçilmiştir. Veriler nitel veri toplama tekniklerinden görüşme tekniği ile araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında elde edilen ses kayıtlarının dökümü yapılmış ve dökümler üzerinden betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Kodlamaların ardından, kodlayıcılar arası tutarlılığın belirlenebilmesi için Kappa katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma grubundaki bireylerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda bireylerin çoğu kendisini adaletli, dürüst, duygusal olarak tanımladığı bulunmuştur. 

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