Changes in Maternal Care During the Healthcare Reforms in the Republic of Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Lela Shengelia ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Wim Groot
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data

Since 1991, the health system of the Republic of Georgia has passed through several phases of reform. Privatization and marketization of the healthcare system are among the major reforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the utilization of, and access to maternal care services during the period 1999–2010. Secondary analysis was done using data from three national reproductive health surveys (RHS). From three RHSs we selected 7,684 women who experienced childbirth/s during 5-years prior to each survey. We analyzed data on pregnancy outcome, type of childbirth, access and utilization of prenatal, natal and immediate postnatal care, and looked at associations with maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, employment status, residence, religion, and economic status. Binary and multinomial regressions were the main statistical models used along with descriptive statistics. We found that the overall utilization of prenatal care services was quite high; in the first wave, it was 92.1% then increased to 95.1% and 98.1% in the second wave and in the third wave respectively. However, utilization of postnatal services was quite low. According to RHS 1999–2000 only 10.7% of mothers utilized postnatal services, which increased to 23.3% in 2010. Women of age group 30–34 were more likely not to use prenatal care services than the other age groups. Rural dwellers, women with lower education level, and women with lower income were less likely to utilize prenatal check-ups. According to the findings from the survey, there were improvements in access to prenatal and natal care as well as utilization of maternal care services over the years. Overall, the use of maternal care has improved during the reforms.

scholarly journals Consumption of fortified wheat flour and associations with anemia and low serum ferritin in Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Amy Fothergill ◽  
Zulma Y. Fonesca Centeno ◽  
Paul Rene Ocampo Téllez ◽  
Helena Pachón
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Colombia’s mandatory wheat flour fortification program has yet to be evaluated. Objective: Examine associations between consumption of fortified wheat flour and low serum ferritin (LSF) and anemia prevalence. Materials and Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2005 national nutrition survey (ENSIN) was completed for 3988 children 2-4 y, 5669 children 5-12 y and 2053 nonpregnant women 13-49 y. The relationship between consumption (quartiles) of wheat flour containing food (WFCF) and LSF and anemia was examined using chi-square analyses and logistic regression models. Results: In adjusted models, controlling for socio-economic status, intake of animal-origin foods, and supplement use in the last 24 hours, a correlation was found between WFCF and anemia in the preschool aged group, when comparing the quartile of highest WFCF consumption with the lowest quartile (OR: 0.7, 95 % CI: 0.6-0.9). The prevalence of LSF was similar across all quartiles of WFCF consumption in all age groups. The highest prevalence of anemia was observed in the lowest WFCF consumption quartiles in all age groups, but was not significantly different in non-pregnant women 13-49 y. No association between WFCF and LSF was observed in adjusted or unadjusted models. Conclusions: In Colombia, consumption of wheat flour containing foods is associated with lower levels of anemia in pre-school aged children.

scholarly journals Choice of service facility for maternal care and its proximate correlates

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
M Sheikh Giash Uddin ◽  
MG Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Facility Delivery ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Delivery Care ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Status Of Women

The aim of this paper is to investigate the association between provision of maternal care services and its differentials. The study used data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys. The analysis revealed that the socio-economic status of women has positive impact on the likelihood of seeking antenatal care and delivering birth at a health facility. Women who have secondary and above education, the preference of facility delivery was also high. The likelihood of preferring private sector relative to public sector for delivery care has been increasing over time. The women of richest quintile are 3.5 times more likely to prefer delivery at public facility relative to home than the poorest quintile. The women with secondary and above education are 4 times more likely to deliver their child birth at public facility relative to home. This paper concludes that more attention should be given to the determinants of reproductive health, associated with their interactions such as service provision to reduce maternal morbidity and to achieve the MDG for maternal mortality.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(2): 175-185, December-2014

HIV 1 infection and reproductive history: a retrospective study among pregnant women, Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire, 1995-1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Desgrees ◽  
Du Lou ◽  
Philippe Msellat ◽  
Christiane Welffens ◽  
Ekra Rosa Ramon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

The aim of this paper is to determine the differences of fertility between HIV 1 infected and uninfected women in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire, using data available in an observational study conducted in 1995 and 1996 in 2 antenatal care centres in the district of Yopougon, Abidjan, within an intervention programme to reduce mother to child HIV 1 transmission DITRAME project, ANRS 049 . Fertility indicators have been constructed from retrospective data on pregnancies and births, and univariate and multivariate analyses have been performed on these indicators and stratified by age groups to compare HIV 1 positive and HIV negative populations. The main outcome measures were the number of pregnancies, the number of miscarriages, the risk of miscarriage and the proportion of primigravida. Four thousand, three hundred and ninety six women agreed to HIV testing: 12.1 were found to be HIV 1 infected. HIV 1 positive women had significantly fewer pregnancies than HIV negatives in age groups 25-29 P =0.05 and 30-34 P =0.008 . The risk of having had at least one abortion or stillbirth was significantly higher for HIV 1 infected women than for HIV negatives OR=1.28, 95 CI: 1.02-1.60 , when controlling for social and demographic factors. This study suggests that HIV 1 infection has deleterious consequences on female fertility, with lower fertility rates and more frequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Family planning and antenatal care services should consider antenatal HIV counselling and testing in women in areas of high HIV prevalence.

scholarly journals The dynamics of sex-age structure of the population in urban and rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the years 1991-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 87-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnara Nyussupova ◽  
Aisulu Kalimurzina
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract In this article we discuss and analyse changes in the sex-age structure of both the urban and the rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan since independence (1991) and until 2013. Spatial analysis by age and sex was carried out for the urban and rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article focuses on the population of Astana and Almaty as cities of “republican subordination”. The aim of this article is to study and analyse the sex-age structure of the total population taking the urban and rural population from 1991 to 2013 separately. For comparison and analysis of statistical data in the dynamics, the data by sex and age of the urban and rural population for 1991, 2001 and 2011 were examined. Thus changes over 10 years are considered. The age groups for which the data were collected were based on differentiation of the population by economic status: pre-working (0-14 years), working (15-64), and post-working age (over 65 years).

scholarly journals Dental Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs of Patients Visiting Gandaki Medical College, Western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar ◽  
U Parajuli ◽  
P Manandhar ◽  
G Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prosthetic Status ◽  
Prosthetic Need ◽  
Lower Arch

Introduction: The study of prosthetic status and prosthetic need will help us to find out the degree of treatment required in the population which will help to frame the health care services. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the prosthetic status, prosthetic need in different age groups and their correlation with socio-economic status in patients visiting Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. Materials and Methods: The patients visiting Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal were screened. The demographic profile of the patients was obtained and clinical examination for prosthetic status and prosthetic need was done based on WHO method. Results: There were total of 309 patients who visited the department during the study period. There were 133 (43%) male and 176 (57%) female patients. The majority of patients had no prosthesis in upper arch 78.6% and 83.8% in lower arch. The number of patients with replacement of missing teeth in upper arch was 66 (21.4%) and in lower arch were 50 (16.2%). There were 159 (51.5%) of patients requiring one or the other form of prosthesis in upper arch and 161 (52.1%) of patients in lower arch. Conclusion: The majority of patients had no prosthesis 78.6% in upper arch and 83.8% in lower arch. The need of prosthesis was 51.5% in upper arch and 52.1 % in lower arch.

scholarly journals Determinants of Use of Traditional Birth Services in Communities Inclined to Use Them in Nigeria and Ghana

Afrika Focus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Siji Olutegbe ◽  
Harry Aryeh Bartimeus
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Performance Rating ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Conventional Services

Abstract Several programmes by government and non-governmental organisations aimed at improving maternal health in many sub-Saharan African nations have not achieved significant results. Use of traditional maternal care services has been identified as still prevalent and thus a possible factor. This study investigated determinants of use of traditional birth services (tbs s) among patrons in tbs-inclined communities of Nigeria and Ghana. A total of 180 and 160 patrons of tbs s were selected from the respective countries, using a multi-stage procedure. The most utilised tbs s include home delivery, concoctions/herbs and family planning. Educational level, constraints to using conventional services, income, and perceived social and economic advantages significantly influenced utilisation. Patrons in Nigeria had better perceived relative advantages of tbs than Ghana, while the accessibility of conventional maternal services, performance rating and overall utilisation of tbs s did not differ significantly between the two countries. Social bonds and economic status were the main reasons for continued patronage of tbs s.

ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL, SPECIALIZED AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATED POTATO VARIETIES USING DATA ENVELOPE ANALYSIS METHOD (DEA) IN IRAQ FOR SPRING LUG 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-131
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Envelope Analysis ◽  
Variable Capacity ◽  
Data Envelope Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

Research highlights the importance of potato crop, which occupies a prominent food and economic status in food security besides rice, wheat and corn at the local and global level. Despite the expansion of the cultivation of potato crop in Iraq in general and Ameriyah district in particular However, potato productivity remains substandard, this may be due to a lack of knowledge of the most efficient varieties and not to use productive resources at the levels at which technical, specialized and economic efficiency is achieved. Therefore, the aim of the research is to determine the technical, specialized and economic efficiency according to the cultivated seed category. The data envelope analysis (DEA) method was used to estimate technical, specialized and economic efficiency, assuming constant and variable capacity returns. As a result of the study, the Safrana variety achieved the highest average technical efficiency according to the stability of the yield and capacity efficiency in addition to achieving the highest average specialized and economic efficiency, The Lapadia variety achieved the highest average technical efficiency, assuming that capacity returns have changed. Therefore, we recommend the adoption of items that achieve higher efficiency and the need to redistribute the elements of production better and Achieving the optimum levels at which technical, specialized and economic efficiency is achieved and saving what has been wasted.

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

IDENTIFICATION AND STRUCTURE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. Arifov ◽  
◽  
A. Daliyev ◽  
G. Tuychiev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Republic

This article reviews the structure and ways to identify AR in children in the Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The analysis of the initial treatment of 18024 children of AR to various specialists, the ratio of different variants of the course of AR and the patient circulation among children of different age groups are analyzed.

scholarly journals Postweaning maternal care increases male chimpanzee reproductive success

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (38) ◽  
pp. eaaz5746
Author(s):  
Catherine Crockford ◽  
Liran Samuni ◽  
Linda Vigilant ◽  
Roman M. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
Using Data

Humans are unusual among animals for continuing to provision and care for their offspring until adulthood. This “prolonged dependency” is considered key for the evolution of other notable human traits, such as large brains, complex societies, and extended postreproductive lifespans. Prolonged dependency must therefore have evolved under conditions in which reproductive success is gained with parental investment and diminished with early parental loss. We tested this idea using data from wild chimpanzees, which have similarly extended immature years as humans and prolonged mother-offspring associations. Males who lost their mothers after weaning but before maturity began reproducing later and had lower average reproductive success. Thus, persistent mother-immature son associations seem vital for enhancing male reproductive success, although mothers barely provision sons after weaning. We posit that these associations lead to social gains, crucial for successful reproduction in complex social societies, and offer insights into the evolution of prolonged dependency.

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