scholarly journals Growth of Spirulina platensis Cultured with Inorganic Fertilizer (Urea, TSP and ZA) and Chicken Manure

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
. Winarti ◽  
A. Erlina
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inorganic Medium ◽  
Population Maximum

<p>This experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of inorganic fertilizer and chicken manure on population growth and nutrient content of <em>Spirulina platensis</em>. It was found that <em>Spirulina platensis</em> cultured in inorganic medium reached a maximum population on day-9 with a density of 614.77x10<sup>3</sup> Sin/ml, containing 56.39% of crude protein and 17.92% of lipid. On the other hand, <em>Spirulina platensis</em> cultured in 250 ppm of chicken manure reached a maximum population on day-4 with a density of 434.32x10<sup>3 </sup>Sin/ml, containing 45.39% of crude protein and 12.50% of lipid.</p> <p>Keywords: spirulina, <em>Spirulina platensis</em>, culture, inorganic fertilizer, chicken manure, population maximum</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektivitas pupuk inorganik (urea, TSP dan ZA) dan kotoran ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan nutrien <em>Spirulina platensis</em>.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>Spirulina platensis</em> dikultur menggunakan pupuk inorganik mencapai puncak populasi pada hari ke-9 dengan kepadatan 614,77x10<sup>3</sup> Sin/ml, mengandungkan protein kasar 56,39% dan lemak 17,92%. Sementara itu, <em>Spirulina platensis</em> dikultur menggunakan kotoran ayam 250 ppm mencapai puncak populasi pada hari ke-4 dengan kepadatan 434,32x10<sup>3</sup> Sin/ml, kandungan protein kasar 45,39% dan lemak 12,50%.</p> <p>Kata kunci: spirulina, <em>Spirulina platensis</em>, kultur, pupuk inorganik, kotoran ayam, populasi maksimal</p>

scholarly journals Analisis Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Yogurt Yang Menggunakan Starter Lactobacillus bulgaricus Dengan Persentase Yang Berbeda

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Yusdar Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Know How ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT.  A study of pyisical properties and quality of yogurt with Lactobacillus bulgaricus as a starter has been doon. Objectives of this study is to know how many percent starter of L. bulgaricus in yogurt to decrease suscepetibility to syneresis and to increase quality of yogurt. Yogurt was analyzed for susceptibility to syineresis, titratable acidity and content of crude protein and crude fat. Syinerisis of yogurt was evaluated according to centrifugal methods of Halwarkar and Kalab. The result of the study showed that yogurt with 2.5-10 % L. bulgaricus as a starter are not have any effect of susceptibility to synerisis and content of crude fat, but centripuged at 250-1000 rpm. Had significantly different (0.01) on susceptibility to synerisis. On the other hand the increasing of centrifuge rotation, increase susceptibility to synerisis. The starter of 5-10% L. bulgaricus used in yogurt able to increase titratable acidity and content of crude protein. The yogurt prepared by 10% L. bulgaricus had the highest score (3.88%) of crude protein, although there is no significant differences with yogurt using 7.5% L. bulgaricus.

Macro-Level Analyses and Dynamics

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-144
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Typical Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Established Order

There are few studies on the macro-level dynamics of networks. These dynamics affect the whole network and concern non-local changes. Macro-level changes almost always stem from reasons outside the network. We observe this in its most typical form when the network population increases or decreases in an unusual manner. We cannot correlate such a population change with the relations of actors or the dyad, triad, or intergroup behaviors within the scope of these relations as it was the case in microo r meso-level dynamics. Sudden changes in population in a social network may“disturb” the established order and, therefore, may affect individual communicative relations. Population growth, on the other hand, might result in a revival in terms of other aspects. This chapter these macro-level dynamics.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC LAFFER CURVES AND POPULATION GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Intertemporal Budget Constraint ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opposing Effects

This paper extends the model of Ireland (1994) by incorporating population growth in examining the dynamic effects of a tax cut on the government’s intertemporal budget constraint. A tax cut has two opposing effects. First, it increases the growth rate of the economy and, thus, increases the size of the tax base and tax revenues in the future. On the other hand, a reduction in the tax rate leads to a decrease in revenues in the short run. A dynamic Laffer curve effect arises if a decrease in tax revenue can be counter-balanced by a future increase in tax revenue to ensure that the government’s intertemporal budget constraint is not violated. Similarly, population growth has two opposing effects. A high population growth decreases the per capita growth rate of the economy. On the other hand, a larger population represents a larger tax base and, therefore, makes it easier for a government to finance a budget deficit. Relative to the simulation results in Ireland (1994), our simulations indicate that incorporating population growth into his model implies that the dynamic effect of a given tax cut worsens the government’s long-run fiscal outlook.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usaha dan Nilai Tambah Kerupuk Cumi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ramli Arul ◽  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Color Texture

One attempt to create a processed product of fishery products in the form of finished goods which main raw material are fishery products is by processing it into crackers. Crackers are generally made from tapioca flour as a source of starch with the addition of spices and water which have a low nutrient content. Addition of nutritional crackers can be done by adding fish meat. While on the other hand, the type of fish as the main raw material for making fish crackers greatly influences the color, texture and taste of fish crackers. As in the case with squid crackers which have distinctive taste and performance when compared to other fish crackers. To see the potential of the squid cracker business, it is necessary to conduct research to see whether the processing of squid into squid crackers is able to provide increased income or in other words whether the squid cracker business is feasible or not and how much added value from processing squid to squid crackers. This study aims to look at the feasibility of squid cracker business in terms of financial aspects and to determine the amount of added value obtained from processing squid into squid crackers. The research showed that the development of a squid cracker business was feasible and prospective to be carried out.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM DE ALTA QUALIDADE

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. SOUZA ◽  
J. S. FLEMMING ◽  
R. FLEMMING ◽  
N.S. PASTORE ◽  
L. BENINCÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Other Hand

Na safra 97/98, no campo experimental da UFPR em Palotina - PR, foi realizado um ensaio a campo com o objetivo de observar o desempenho de 12 cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.), utilizadas para ensilagem. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de proteína bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Também foram estimados os valores da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS), da digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS) e do valor relativo nutricional (VRN). Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre cultivares, quanto aos parâmetros: porcentagem de proteína bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e de digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS). Nos outros parâmetros observou-se diferenças significativas (p0.05) were found between the cultivars in regard to crude protein, acid detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, significant differences (P

scholarly journals DAMPAK URBANISASI BAGI PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA 2010-2016 Studi Kasus: Jakarta, Surabaya dan Medan

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Iwan Prasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Regional Product

This article discusses the effect of urbanization on Human Development Index during 2010-16. It shows that Jakarta has the highest population growth and Gross Domestic Regional Product. However, Surabaya has the highest Human Development Index. Eventhough,  Jakarta, with the highest  Gross Domestic Regional Product,  does not indicate the highest Human Development Index. On the other hand, Medan has the lowest Gross Domestic Regional Product.  Not only Medan has  the lowest  Gross Domestic Regional Product, but also it has the lowest Human Development Index.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC LAFFER CURVES AND POPULATION GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Intertemporal Budget Constraint ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opposing Effects

This paper extends the model of Ireland (1994) by incorporating population growth in examining the dynamic effects of a tax cut on the government’s intertemporal budget constraint. A tax cut has two opposing effects. First, it increases the growth rate of the economy and, thus, increases the size of the tax base and tax revenues in the future. On the other hand, a reduction in the tax rate leads to a decrease in revenues in the short run. A dynamic Laffer curve effect arises if a decrease in tax revenue can be counter-balanced by a future increase in tax revenue to ensure that the government’s intertemporal budget constraint is not violated. Similarly, population growth has two opposing effects. A high population growth decreases the per capita growth rate of the economy. On the other hand, a larger population represents a larger tax base and, therefore, makes it easier for a government to finance a budget deficit. Relative to the simulation results in Ireland (1994), our simulations indicate that incorporating population growth into his model implies that the dynamic effect of a given tax cut worsens the government’s long-run fiscal outlook.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Nutrient Composition of Mustard Green (Brassica juncea) cultured in Aquaponics Systems and Hydroponic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Prayogo Prayogo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja ◽  
Muhamad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Mustard Green ◽  
Aquaculture Waste

Aquaculture waste is rich in various nutrient contents from uneaten feed, faeces or urine including nitrogen in terms of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite. With the help of nitrifying bacteria, the nitrogen wastes can be converted into nitrate which is one of the main components of commercial fertilizer in agriculture. This study aimed at comparing the growth and nutrient contents (crude protein, crude fat, energy, and antioxidant) of mustard Green (Brassica juncea) cultured in different culture media (aquaculture waste which is generally known as the aquaponics system vs hydroponic system which used commercial inorganic fertilizer). The aquaponics system was prepared by previously growing Nile tilapia fingerling, Oreochromis niloticus, for ~2 weeks to reach nitrate concentration on the effluent water ~30mg/L. Mustard Green was cultured in the system for 30 days. Nutrient availability in both systems was also monitored by measuring nitrate content and total dissolved solids. The results showed that the growth, nutrient content including crude protein, crude fat, total energy, and antioxidant content of the vegetable were not significantly different between the system, p>0.05. Nutrient availability especially in terms of nitrate was also not significantly different between the culture system. These results suggest that the aquaponics system could be used to produce vegetables with the same growth and nutrient content as a vegetable grown in the aquaponics system. Furthermore, aquaculture waste can be used to replace inorganic fertilizer to grow vegetables which later contribute to the reduction of total production cost.

Nutritive value of pasture: IV. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the yield, composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part II)

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
D. B. Norman ◽  
J. W. Bee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Other Hand

The object of this series of investigations is to secure detailed information concerning the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of pasture grass in its different stages of growth. The results which were obtained in these respects by cutting the herbage of the experimental pasture plot at weekly and at fortnightly intervals have been described in previous communications. During the season of the present experiment, the trials have been carried a stage further by the adoption of a system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals. The main findings of the 1928 investigation are recorded below:(1) Chemical composition of 3-weekly pasture cuts: The adoption of a more lenient system of cutting at 3-weekly intervals led to a slight lowering of the percentage of crude protein in the grass and a slight raising of the percentages of crude fibre and N-free extractives. On the other hand, no corresponding effect was noted in respect of the ether extract, SiO2-free ash, lime and phosphate, the percentages of these constituents being very similar in the weekly and 3-weekly pasture samples obtained in 1928. The falling off of the percentage of crude protein in the 1928 3-weekly-mown herbage, as compared with the weekly and fortnightly-mown herbage of 1925 and 1927 respectively, was not wholly the consequence of the more lenient system of cutting, but was also due in part to the protein-depressing influence of the droughty periods which were experienced in the 1928 season.

scholarly journals Studi Potensi Sampah dan Kandungan Residu Logam Berat pada Produk Sapi Potong yang Digembalakan di TPA Sampah “PUTRI CEMPO” Surakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Cattle Feeding

<p>The aim of this research is to determine the potential of rubbish (quantity and quality) as cattle feeding and the heavy metal residues especialy Pb and Hg in beef cattle product (meat and viceral organ) wich is grazing in refusal place “Putri Cempo” Surakarta.<br />The experiment have been carried out at refusal place “Putri Cempo” Surakarta where samples taken for quantity and quality of organic rubbish and beef catlle product for determine of heavy metal residues (Pb and Hg) especialy on meat (biceps femoris), liver, kidney and intestine. <br />The result of this experiment indicated that organic rubbish at refusal place “Putri Cempo” Surakarta on DM basic, since 2002 – 2006 amount of 47,778 – 54,372 thousants ton/year. While nutrient content such as crude protein 10,00-12,79%, extract eter 4,05 – 7,94%, crude fiber 18,42 – 22,20%, and ash 21,73 – 24,33%, respectively. Heavy metal residues on meat, liver, kidney and intestine, Pb at amount of 2,16- 2,68 ppm which is up of the Indonesia National Standart, SNI (2,0 ppm), and Hg at amount of 0,01 -0,02 it is below of SNI (0,03 ppm).<br />It could be concluded that higly potensitial of refusal place “Putri Cempo” Surakarta as catlle grazing. The other than, beef cattle product (meat) were not save for consumption.</p><p>Key words : rubbish, refusal place, plumbum, merkury, cattle</p>

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