Average Monthly Wage Means Difference Between Administrative Sources Vs. Business Survey, Case in Albania

This paper examines the differences resulting from calculating the means of Pay Roll records and personal revenues used as secondary data with results from business survey in an empirical study taking a panel. The use of “secondary data” as primary source for producing the official indicators is a challenge worldwide. In the past decades has also been considered as the way forward for raising productivity and reducing burden on businesses. If the Short Term Survey is sample survey the Pay Roll records are administrative data. The purpose for what they are gathered is different. But both could be used for providing statistical indicators. In this paper the panel not weighted data are taken into consideration where the same business is analyzed from two related sources. The paired t-test is used to compare the values of means from two related sources. In those conditions the difference between the means of the two sources is unlikely to be equal to zero. In this study the hypothesis test is designed to answer the question "Is the observed difference sufficiently large enough to indicate that the alternative hypothesis is true?" What does it mean in our case study the answer which comes in the form of a probability - the p-value? The paper shows some interesting findings about the means difference between the two sources within a year. The differences resulting from the conducted analysis come as a result of the definition used in both sources for the same indicator, errors in reporting and treatment of non-response in the survey and administrative data source, coding errors.

Download Full-text

Has it done properly? The Difference between Before and After Social Distancing’s Policy Implementation in Controlling Covid-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020212031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 12031

Author(s):

Rony Darmawansyah Alnur ◽

Meita Veruswati ◽

Al Asyary

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Late Response ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Resource Setting ◽

Low Resource Setting ◽

The Social ◽

Before And After ◽

Social Restriction ◽

The Difference

Social distancing shall be effective to control Covid-19 spread. However, its effectiveness is doubtfully due to late response of authority in a low-resource setting such as Indonesia. This study aims to present the effectiveness of large-sale social restriction (LSSR) as the social distancing policy by analyze the chronological as well as the difference between before and after LSSR implementation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health and the local government of Jakarta. Two statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence and suspect. These Covid-19 statuses were presented in daily rates with pre and post of LSSR policy in Jakarta, Indonesia. LSSR policy had just implemented over a month after the first multiple cases found. The number of positive confirmed patients increased significantly after the LSSR (p-value = 0.000; mean difference = -70.532). This study’s findings showed that social distancing was not effective to control Covid-19 incidence which indicates the late response of the authorities.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SIMULASI DIGITAL

Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) ◽

10.24036/voteteknika.v6i1.10424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Putri Irma Delianti ◽

Elfi Tasrif ◽

Ika Parma Dewi

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Digital Simulation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Learning Model ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Model Learning ◽

Direct Learning ◽

The Difference

This research aimed to analyze the difference of learning outcomes by using Student Facilitator and Explaining model and direct learning model on Digital Simulation subject at class X TKJ SMKN 1 Tilatang Kamang. The problem in this study was the student learning result which were still under KKM on Digital Simulation subjects at SMKN 1 Tilatang Kamang. Type of this research was Quasi Experiment. The sample was taken through Probability Sampling technique. The research samples were class X TKJ A and class X TKJ B. Class X TKJ A as sample for experiment class using Student Facilitator and Explaining model and class X TKJ B as sample for control class using direct learning model. Data analyzed based on post-test experiment class and control class, then analyzed for normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test. From the experimental class, the research results obtained an average of 82.47, while the control class was averaged of 76.94. Result of hypothesis calculation at significant level α = 0,05 found tcount> ttable that is 1,78> 1,699, because tcount was bigger than ttable, so null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It can be concluded at the real level that this study showed that Student Facilitator and Explainingmodel gave significant effect on students learning results of Digital Simulation at class X TKJ in SMKN 1 Tilatang Kamang. Therefore, the Student Facilitator and Explaining model is better than the direct learning model.Keywords: Student Facilitator and Explaining Model,Direct Learning Model, Learning outcomes, Experiment Class, Control Class.

Download Full-text

INFECTIOUS JUMP SKILLS

JIPES - JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ◽

10.21009/jipes.042.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Herli Pardilla ◽

Mulyana Mulyana ◽

Achmad Sofyan Hanif

Keyword(s):

Interaction Effect ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Target Population ◽

Combination Method ◽

P Value ◽

Learning Method ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Combination Methods ◽

The Difference ◽

Method Group

The aim of this research is to know the difference of learning method which consists of learning method part (A1), overall method (A2) and combination method (A3) with moderator of motor ability in improving skill. The experiment was conducted by using 2x3 factorial experimental method with population which used as target population. The research was student of Physical Education University of Riau Force 2016/2017 as many as 134 which consist of 89 son and 45 daughter. Sampling was done by selecting 27% of the highest score data and 27% lowest score. Result of hypothesis test 1) difference between group of method part (A1) with group of whole method (A2) equal to t0 (A1 x A2) = -1,699, p-value = 0,096 / 2 = 0,048 <0,05, mean h0 rejected. 2) the difference between the part method group (A1) and the combination method group (A3), worth t0 (A1xA3) = -3.490, p-value = 0.001 / 2 = 0.0005 <0.05, h0 is rejected. 3) the difference between the whole method group (A2) and the combination method group (A3) worth t0 (A2xA3) = -1.791, p-value = 0.080 / 2 = 0.040 <0.05, h0 is rejected. 4) Influence Interaction (Interaction Effect) Fo (AB) = 34,349 with p-value = 0,000 <0,05 or H0 is rejected. This means there is a very significant interaction effect. 5) Differences in skill jump results between high motor and high-motor (A1B1 - A2B1) methods were 3.496, p-value = 0.001 / 2 = 0.0005 <0.05 or H0 rejected. 6) Differences in skill jump results between high motor part and high motor combination method (A1B1 - A3B1) worth = 9.568, p-value = 0,000 / 2 = 0,000 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. 7) Differences in skill jump results between the overall method with high motor and high motor combination method (A2B1 - A3B1) worth = 6,072, p-value = 0.002 / 2 = 0.001 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. 8) The difference in the results of the jump skill between the part method with the low motor and the overall method with low motor (A1B2 - A2B2) worth = 0.286, p-value = 0.680 / 2 = 0.34> 0.05 or H0 is accepted thus, no there are differences.. 9) Differences in skipjack skill results between the low-motor part and low motor combination method (A1B2 - A3B2) = -1,800, p-value = 0.079 / 2 = 0.0395 <0.05 or H0 is rejected .10) Differences in skill jump results between overall and low motor methods and low motorized combination methods (A2B2 - A3B2) = -2.086, p-value = 0.043 / 2 = 0.0215 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. difference. Keywords: infectious jump skills, learning methods and motor skills

Download Full-text

PERBEDAAN PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MODEL DRILLS AND PRACTICE DAN MODEL SIMULATION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI DIGITAL DI SMK N 2 SAWAHLUNTO

Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) ◽

10.24036/voteteknika.v3i1.5177 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desri Adita ◽

Hanesman Hanesman ◽

Almasri Almasri

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Digital Simulation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Learning Model ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Simulation Learning ◽

The Difference

The problem at this research is laerning outcomes of students at Digital Simulation subject in X TITL SMK N 2 Sawahlunto, which not achieve the baoundary of Minimal Thoroughness Criteria or in Indonesian called KKM. This research purpose in order to know what level of the difference learning outcomes by apply drills and practice learning model and simulation learning model at Digital Simulation subject in X TITL SMK N 2 Sawahlunto school year 2014/2015. This research is an experimental research using quasi experimental method. Interpretation of sampels using non probability sampling technique with purposive sampling, as first experiment class is X TITL 2. This class using drills and practice learning model. Second experiment class is X TITL 1 which use simulation learning model. Datas collection technique from posttests gave every meeting, than this data were analyzed to get normality test, homogenous test and hypothesis test. The result of research in first experimen class get subjection mean 78.79 and second experiment class get subjection mean 70.91. Value of hypothesis test degree of significant α = 0.05 was tcount > ttable (5.3005 > 2.023). It’s mean nil hypothesis (H0) was denied and alternative hypothesis (H1) was received with the difference 8.87 and percentage of different is 12.51%. In conclusion result of analyzed learning outcomes first experiment class and second experiment class, its have significant different of influences between using drills and practice learning model and used simulation learning model. Key Word : learning outcomes, drills and practice learning model, simulation learning model.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 Pandemic: A Speed Breaker for Routine Immunisation

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46875.14844 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sumit Singh Bhadoria ◽

Durgesh Shukla ◽

Ashutosh Joshi

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Routine Immunisation ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Immunisation services are affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to lockdown and fear of COVID among public along with problems of workforce management and vaccine supply. All these factors have led to decrease in vaccination coverage. It may further lead to increase in risk of vaccine preventable diseases. Aim: To assess the overall trend and evaluate the vaccination coverage during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in Gwalior district. Materials and Methods: Record based secondary data from the immunisation OPD of the tertiary care hospital Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, for the period of 01 February 2020 to 31 August 2020 was utilised in current study. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel version-2007 and analysed. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated as a descriptive measures and graphical presentation to show time trends. The p-value was calculated at 5% level of significance. Results: In the study, 817 children were included, with mean age of 7.46 ±13.59 months. Total 61.1% (499) children were male and 38.9% (318) were female. During the study period, all the children were vaccinated for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (10.6%) Pentavalent-1 series (36.4%), Pentavalent-2 series (17.4%), Pentavalent-3 series (12.2%), Measles-Rubella (MR-1) (6.5%), Booster-I (11.8%) and Booster-II (5.1%). Delayed vaccination was seen in 51(6.20%) children. The delay was observed for Pentavalent-2 series (43.1%), pentavalent-3 series (51.0%) and MR-1 (5.9%) and the difference is significant at p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Immunisation services were severely interrupted and completely suspended in April 2020. Certain amount of delay in various doses was also observed. Maintaining routine immunisation is essential in preventing an outbreak of vaccine preventable diseases.

Download Full-text

Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Surabaya Sebelum Dan Sesudah Sistem Pajak Online

Jurnal Ekonomi ◽

10.24912/je.v23i3.413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 272

Author(s):

Aji Rifqi Rawadani, Fidiana

Keyword(s):

Hypothesis Test ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Tax System ◽

Management Board ◽

Tax Management ◽

Independent Test ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

The City

This research aims to examine the difference of Original Regional Revenue Surabaya before and after the Online Tax System in the 2015-2017 period. The population in this research are hotel tax, restaurant tax, and parking tax in Surabaya city area in every month at 2015-2017 period which amount to 36 data. The data in this research are secondary data covering the realization and target of hotel tax, restaurant tax, and parking tax during the 2015-2017 period obtained from Surabaya City Financial and Regional Tax Management Board. Hypothesis test using independent t independent test analysis, using SPSS. The results showed that there are differences in the original income of Surabaya city before and after the online tax system in 2015-2017. The achievement of effectiveness level before and after the online system is increase in hotel tax and parking tax, whereas in restaurant tax the achievement of its effectiveness is stable from 2015-2017. So with the online tax system will provide convenience and provide oversight of taxpayers in reporting the amount of tax, so the potential for tax leakage can be minimized which will automatically give influence in increasing the original income of the city of Surabaya

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Financial Leverage Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2015)

Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi ◽

10.35697/jrbi.v3i3.944 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Hana Nopitasari ◽

Ermina Tiorida ◽

Ira Siti Sarah

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Secondary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Debt Ratio ◽

Financial Leverage ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Equity Ratio

The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of financial leverage on financial performance of the 39 selected property and real estate companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange over a period of five years (2011-2015). This work employed two financial leverage for the independent variables such as: debt ratio (DR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) in determining their effect on financial performance such as return on equity (ROE), sales growth and price earning ratio (PER) as a dependent variable. The secondary data were obtained from the financial statement (comprehensive income statement and statement of financial position) of the selected companies quoted from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Descriptive statistical test, simple linear regression test and hypothesis test are used to analyze the data of this research. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and insignificant influence between financial leverage on the financial performance of 39 companies, proven by hypothesis testing of t-value (1.610) < t-table (1.65481) and P-value of 0.109, while the value of regression coefficient of financial performance of 0.008 Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh financial leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan 39 perusahaan properti dan real estate terpilih yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama lima tahun (2011-2015). Penelitian ini menggunakan dua leverage keuangan untuk variabel independen seperti debt ratio (DR) dan debt to equity ratio dalam menentukan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja keuangan seperti return on equity (ROE), pertumbuhan penjualan dan price earning ratio (PER) sebagai variabel dependen. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan keuangan (laporan laba rugi komprehensif dan laporan posisi keuangan) dari perusahaan terpilih yang dikutip dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Uji statistik deskriptif, uji regresi linier sederhana dan uji hipotesis digunakan untuk menganalisis data penelitian ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara financial leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan dari 39 perusahaan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pengujian hipotesis yang menghasilkan nilai t hitung (1.610) < t-table (1.65481) dan P-value sebesar 0.109, dengan nilai koefisien regresi kinerja keuangan sebesar 0,008.

Download Full-text

PERBANDINGAN RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN BEI DAN BURSA MALAYSIA

Media Riset Akuntansi Auditing & Informasi ◽

10.25105/mraai.v19i2.4075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Etty Rahayu Jamil ◽

Warmie Eka Putra ◽

Fitrini Mansur

Keyword(s):

Interest Rates ◽

Stock Returns ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Stock Index ◽

Expected Return ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Actual Return

The purpose of this research is to know the difference between the actual return and the expected return of the stock using the CAPM model in plantation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stock Exchange during the period 2015-2017. This research is a quantitative study using secondary data in the form of stock closing price data, stock index and interest rates by the Central Bank. The hypothesis test in this study is an independent sample t-test to compare the results of the calculation of returns obtained. Results of this study is (1) There is a significant difference between actual return and expected return on plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, (2) There is no significant difference between actual return and expected return on plantation companies listed on Bursa Malaysia, and (3) There is a significant difference between stock returns of plantation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stock Exchange during the 2015-2017 period. Both Indonesia and Malaysia obtained negative returns during the study period, but Malaysia's value is better than Indonesia. Keywords: Actual Return, CAPM, Expected Return, and Stock Investment.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Financial Leverage Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2015)

Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi ◽

10.35313/jrbi.v3i3.944 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

Hana Nopitasari ◽

Ermina Tiorida ◽

Ira Siti Sarah

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Secondary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Financial Leverage ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Income Statement ◽

Equity Ratio

Download Full-text

The use and abuse of hypothesis tests: how to present P values

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1258/phleb.2010.009094 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C J Smith ◽

Z V Fox

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

P Value ◽

Hypothesis Tests ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

P Values ◽

Repeated Observations ◽

Key Issues

This overview highlights some of the key issues involved in performing and interpreting hypothesis tests. We describe the general approach taken in performing a hypothesis test with a focus on how to state the null and alternative hypothesis, and why two-sided tests are usually more appropriate than one-sided tests. We describe best practice techniques in performing and presenting the results of hypothesis tests. We recommend that, alongside any p-values, authors should also present estimates of the size of any treatment effects and their confidence intervals. Furthermore, they should specify the exact p-value rather than using terms such as 'NS' or the commonly used asterix notation. We discuss other pitfalls that are encountered at the analysis stage such as the use of repeated observations on individuals, the use of multiple tests on the data and the erroneous use of parametric tests when data are not normally distributed and vice versa. We highlight these points using two different examples: one looking at the use of compression stockings for preventing the occurrence of DVT on long-haul flights and a second hypothetical study comparing laser versus surgery techniques for the removal of varicose veins.

Download Full-text