scholarly journals The Role of Social Capital in the Employability of University Graduates in Zambia: A Case of University of Zambia Graduates

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Eliphas Machacha
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
People Of Influence ◽  
The City

The research presented in this paper was designed to investigate the role of social capital in the employability of University Graduates in Zambia: A Case of University of Zambia Graduates. The study focused on the period between the years 2000 and 2015. In this study social capital was operationalised as social connections that can be used in search of jobs. Employability was operationalised as the ability to get employed or get a job. This research used a sequential mixed method research design to investigate the research problem. The study was carried out in the City of Lusaka. 208 University of Zambia Graduates and 16 employers participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and interviews. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the management and analysis of quantitative data while thematic analysis was applied in the analysis of qualitative data. The results from this study indicated that UNZA Graduates attach a lot of importance to the use of social connections in search of job opportunities in the labour market. However, only powerful social connections were effective in this process and were not available to everyone. The results also revealed that social connections through relatives and close friends were more effective in their employability than social connections through acquaintances and potential employers. In conclusion, this study showed that social connections facilitated by relatives and close friends through people of influence in society were more effective but, to a large extent, they depend on one’s social status.

scholarly journals TRANSITION FROM INFORMAL TO SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Merdassa Feven Tariku
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the features of informal settlement in Addis Ababa and the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations and public participation in the sustainable development of informal settlements. The purpose of the article is to identify the main types and characteristics of informal settlements and to reveal the factors that hinder the success of programs for updating informal settlements in the city. The research methods were the analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign literature on this research problem. The main conclusion of this study is that the principles of folk architecture are integral components of solutions for the sustainable development of informal settlements.

scholarly journals Amenities, economic opportunities and patterns of migration at the city level in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglei Yu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Jinshe Liang
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The City

This paper used a bootstrapped linear regression model to examine the role of amenities and economic opportunities in migration patterns in China based on the 2010 census at the city level. The results reveal that striking disparities characterize migration at the city level in China. Most migrants tend to move into several major cities in urban agglomerations in the eastern coastal region and provincial inland capitals. The cities farther away from provincial capitals have weak inflows and even suffer from serious population loss. The results suggest that job opportunities and wages contribute to the uneven pattern of migration in China even as amenities have also become important pull factors of migration. Regarding amenities, migrants prefer to move into cities with warm winters, less-humid summers, clean urban environments and friendly and open social climates. Social services, including facilities for education, recreation and commuting, also play an important role in attracting migrants. Findings from the study improve our understanding of China's internal migration and contribute to the debate on the role of economic opportunities and amenities in migration.

scholarly journals Celebrating Culture - Literary Communities of Practice in Doha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naqaa Abbas ◽  
Hend Taher
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
Performative Space ◽  
Literary Communities ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The City ◽  
Literary Circles

Our paper focuses on the role of arts and culture in Doha. More specifically, we examine literary circles in Doha (both Arab and English speaking) and regard them as ‘communities of practice.’ According to Etienne Wenger, communities of practice are “groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.” Moreover, such communities are seen as promoting innovation, developing social capital, facilitating and spreading knowledge within a group, and spreading existing knowledge. Recently, there has been a surge of active literary communities presenting their creative work in both English and Arabic attracting a variety of audiences and fans. For instance, young authors such as Kumam Al Maadeed, Eissa Abdullah, Buthaina Al-Janahi and Abdullah Fakhro not only have a huge online following, but they also have a significant fan base attending their events throughout the city. Besides these communities, there are also numerous organizations with which these celebrity authors are associated such as Qalam Hebr, Qatari Forum for Authors, and Outspoken Doha – we argue that such organizations can also be regarded as communities of practice. Our contention is that these ever-growing communities provide a performative space in which poets, singers, authors and artists can experiment with the fluidity of their assigned identities, cultures and traditions.

scholarly journals Urban Agriculture Spaces in Built Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawaa Fawzi Naom ◽  
Fatima fouad Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

The research had taken the concept of urban agriculture as one of the concepts that appeared within the sustainable trends in the city, and because of limited green areas, popular growth, and ongoing neglect to the urban landscape in cities. Moreover, in order to get the essential role of urban agriculture in the city, it requested the need for research in this concept.Therefore, the research problem appeared, as a knowledge need to explore the urban agriculture concept and its applying ability in order to avoid ongoing neglecting of urban landscape in the city.In order to solve the research problem, a previous literature review had been at the origin of the concept, reached to the most important vocabulary and indicators related to the special properties and the multi-use activity of the urban agriculture spaces of the city. Then the research examined the hypotheses, by a destructive and analytic study for urban agriculture projects.The results showed the connection of achieving urban agriculture within city landscape, by the contextual linking as the main characteristics, also the social and cultural uses as the most important use achieved by the presence of urban agriculture in the city landscape.Finally it had been reached to a theoretical model for urban agriculture in the city landscape.Key Words: Urban Agriculture, Landscape, spatial properties, multi-uses.

scholarly journals DILEMA KEBERADAAN SEKTOR INFORMAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartati Sulistyo Rini
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The City

Sebagai sistem ekonomi alternatif, keberadaan sektor informal mengundang pro dan kontra. Peranannya yang signifikan sebagai katup pengaman ekonomi nasional belum diimbangi dengan proteksi atau perlindungan dari pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas peran sektor informal dalam mengatasi masalah sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan dilema yang dialami oleh sektor informal dalam menjalankan perannya tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peran sektor informal pada bidang ketenagakerjaan dan penyerapan angka pengangguran. Sektor formal dianggap tidak mampu menyediakan kesempatan kerja untuk seluruh lapisan masyarakat, apalagi mereka yang ada pada posisi marjinal. Pada beberapa kasus-khususnya yang berhubungan dengan sektor informal perkotaan perlakuan dan kebijakan negara menjadi sangat diskriminatif karena seringkali berhadapan dengan kebijakan negara yang bahkan berakhir dengan kekerasan.  Perlindungan terhadap sektor informal salah satunya adalah pada pedagang kaki lima di Surakarta.  Kota ini menjadi contoh representatif dalam pengorganisasian kepentingan  pemerintah  dan pedagang kaki lima. Ini dapat menjadi inspirasi positif bagi penanganan sektor informal di tempat yang lain untuk memperluas lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial. As an alternative economic system, the existence of informal sector invites pros and cons. The significant role of informal sector as a safety valve of the national economy has not been matched by government with the protection or support The objective of this study is to discuss the role of the informal sector in addressing social and economic issues, and the dilemma faced by the informal sector in carrying out this role. The results of this study shows that there is an important role of the informal sector in the field of employment and unemployment absorption. The formal sector is not considered able to provide job opportunities to all levels of society, especially those in marginal positions. In some cases, particularly with regard to the urban informal sector-treatment and state policy became very discriminatory because often faced with state policies and even lead to violence. The protection of the informal sector one is on street vendors in Surakarta. The city is become representative example in organizing between the government’s interest and street vendors. It can be a positive inspiration for handling informal sector in other places to expand employment opportunities for the community and increase social welfare.

scholarly journals The Role of the Village and Community Empowerment Service in the Development of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in North Labuhanbatu Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Luki Bakti Kusuma ◽  
Sirojuzilam ◽  
Erlina
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
The Village

This research aims to find out the role of community and village empowerment agencies in the development of BUMDes in North Labuhanbatu Regency. As an office that handles about villages, community and village empowerment agencies have the task of carrying out training, coaching, and mentoring to the development of BUMDes. The formulation of this research problem is "whether the role of training, coaching and mentoring affects bumdes development in North Labuhanbatu Regency. In this study, data was collected through questionnaire methods of 74 BUMDes administrators to find out respondents' responses to each variable. Then an analysis of the data obtained in the form of validity and rehabilitation tests, classical assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, simultaneous hypothesis tests, partial hypothesis tests and coefficients of determination. The results of this study are: partial test that the variables of training, coaching and mentoring have a positive and significant effect on the development of BUMDes, while simultaneous tests that the variables of training, coaching and mentoring together have a significant effect on the development of BUMDes in North Labuhanbatu Regency.

Religious Diversity, Social Cohesion, and the Role of Interfaith Cooperation in Resilient Global Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Tony Banout ◽  
Brad Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

Abstract The city of the future will have to come to terms with astronomical population growth comprised of individuals and communities that differ on matters of fundamental beliefs living in increasingly close proximity. The test will be whether religious diversity increasingly leads to clashing parochialisms or unlocks possibilities for human flourishing. With 7.5 billion people urbanized by 2050, cities simply must include attention to religious diversity, and the science of social capital and interfaith cooperation can inform the discourse of resiliency as humanity prepares. Ample sociological research supports the conclusion that societies thrive where and when they are able to build trusting relationships across lines of deep difference. The inverse failure to do so is a direct danger to civil peace. This article charts a path forward to building and sustaining those relationships in an urban setting.

scholarly journals The role of social capital for self-employed information professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simona Pilar Traser
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Information Professionals

<p>Research problem: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how self-employed information professionals perceive the role of social capital in the development of their businesses in New Zealand. This required gaining an understanding of their professional relationship-building, networking, help-seeking and related activities.  Methodology: A purposive sample of eight self-employed information professionals was interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and occurred via Skype, phone, and face-to-face meetings. Anderson, Park, and Jack’s (2007) conceptual framework of social capital served as a theoretical lens in the interview design and data analysis.  Results: Social capital was described in terms of giving (voluntary activity) and sharing (exchanging information and resources). Ethics, generosity, human touch, and mutuality emerged as important behavioural principles in the development of strong and effective relationships and networks. Apart from market opportunities, personal and professional well-being appeared to be equally important outcomes of social capital.  Implications: In focusing on a lesser-known, but potentially growing, occupational group of sole traders, the study contributes to the library and information studies and social capital research in New Zealand. The results are indicative only and more data is needed, but they provide a useful resource for future and present self-employed information professionals.</p>

Embeddedness and locational choices: A study of creative workers in a dance organisation

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Montanari ◽  
Annachiara Scapolan ◽  
Lorenzo Mizzau
Keyword(s):  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Creative Workers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Attraction And Retention ◽  
Locational Choices ◽  
The City

Locational choices of creative workers have been a matter of heated debate over the last decade. This study proposes a micro perspective aimed at disentangling how the individual decision-making process behind locational choices is activated and develops over time. To this aim, we combine previous geographic research on the issue with research on the role of organisational factors in workers’ attraction and retention. Empirically, we carried out an exploratory case study of dancers in a renowned contemporary ballet company based in Reggio Emilia, Italy. With this study, we highlight how matching professional quests and organisation-specific job opportunities activates locational choices, and we extend geographical approaches to embeddedness by considering the role of organisations as crucial mediating entities between the city context and creative workers.

scholarly journals The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and the role of universities to activating it, Sulaymaniyah Governorate as a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Farooq Muhammad ◽  
Faraydoon Mohammad Mahmood ◽  
Ilham Abdul-Rahman Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Research Population

The entrepreneurship ecosystem is a special system of relevant stakeholders that support and contribute directly or indirectly to assist entrepreneurs to launch their businesses and projects. Human capital is one of the essential components of the entrepreneurs' ecosystem on which the success of entrepreneurship depends. This research investigated the importance of the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the role of universities in activating it. Unemployment is one of the biggest a growing challenges for Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in light of the large growth rate of the population and the slow growth of the economy, which has created countless problems. This challenge must be faced by all possible means. Activating the entrepreneurship ecosystem is a proven and successful method for the natural birth and growth of businesses and projects, creating job opportunities, and reducing unemployment. The province of Sulaymaniyah was chosen as the limits of the spatial research and the temporal boundary is between the beginning of the first month and until the sixth month of 2021 within the period of the outbreak of the Covid19 epidemic. The research population is university graduates in recent years, and the research sample was 92 university graduates from various disciplines, of both sexes, and within one age category (23-26 years). The research found that most university graduates have some basic skills for business management, but before establishing their businesses, they need additional doses of skills designed through the curricula established in universities, and there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in the level of their entrepreneurial abilities. It is expected that the conclusions and recommendations reached by this research will be a reference for university curricula and syllabus designers, decision-makers, and researchers for solutions to the unemployment crisis in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region.

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