scholarly journals Caracteristiques Du Système D'exploitation Des Poulets Locaux Dans Deux Zones Agro-Ecologiques (Sud Forestier Et Centre Savanicole) De La Côte D’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Loukou N’Goran Etienne ◽  
Soro Kouhana ◽  
Soro Brahima ◽  
Rognon Xavier ◽  
Kayang B. Boniface ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Animal Resource ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Poultry Farming ◽  
Local Chickens

Les poulets locaux, malgré leur rôle important dans l’aviculture ivoirienne, souffrent de leur faible productivité. Pour contribuer à l’amélioration de leur productivité, une étude descriptive a été réalisée sur son élevage auprès 206 paysans natifs de deux zones agro-écologiques à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Les résultats indiquent les paysans exploitent les poulets locaux dans un système exclusivement extensif. L’aviculture villageoise est une activité dominée par les hommes (79,60 %) et la considérant comme secondaire (97 %). La plupart de ces aviculteurs sont analphabètes (52,5 %). La rusticité et la qualité organoleptique des produits constituent les principales motivations en faveur de cet élevage dans 82 % cas en moyenne. Ils ont débuté l’élevage par achat (59 %) d’un petit noyau initial, par don ou par héritage (41 %) en zone de forêt et par confiage (60 %) en zone de savane. La 1ère ponte d’une poulette intervient en moyenne à 6 mois d’âge (52,5 %). Un faible effectif (23 poulets) composé en majorité de jeunes sujets (55,21 %), de poules (33,19 %) et de coqs (11,40%) a été observé dans les cheptels. Le plein air intégral (73,30 %) a été le mode privilégié d’élevage en zone de savane. Les épizooties (54,35 %) et les prédateurs (38 %) ont été les premières causes de mortalité. Les produits d'élevage issus de ce système ont été utilisés en autoconsommation (62 %) en zone de forêt et vendus (65 %) en zone de savane. La levée des contraintes caractérisant le système le système extensif pourrait aider à l’amélioration de la productivité des poules locales. Local chickens play an important role in Ivorian poultry farming, but this animal resource suffers from its low productivity. In order to contribute to the improvement of this productivity, a descriptive study was carried out on its breeding among two hundred and six (206) farmers who were native to two agro-ecological zones using a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that these farmers are exploiting local chickens in an extensive system exclusively. Village poultry farming is an activity dominated by men (79.60%) and considered secondary (97%). Most of these poultry farmers are illiterate (52.5%) and the rusticity and organoleptic quality of the products are the main motivations for this breeding in an average of 82% cases. They began breeding by purchasing a small nucleus (59%), by gifts or inheritance (41%) in the Forest zone and by entrusting (60%) in the Savannah zone. The first laying of a pullet occurs on average at 6 months of age (52.5%) and the early pullet lays its first eggs between 4 and 6 months (13%). A few chickens (23), the majority of which were youngsters (55.21%), hens (33.19%) and roosters (11.40%), were observed in the flocks. In Savannah areas, free-range rearing (73.30%) was the preferred method of rearing. Epizootics (54.35%) and predators (38%) were the main causes of mortality. The livestock products from this system were used for self-consumption (62%) in the forest zone and sold (65%) in the Savannah zone. Removing the constraints that characterize the extensive system could help to improve the productivity of local chickens.  

scholarly journals Effets du chaponnage sur les performances zootechniques du poulet local dans la ville de Ngaoundéré au Cameroun

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-799
Author(s):  
S.A. Mebanga ◽  
I. Gapelbe ◽  
J.P. Mingoas
Keyword(s):  
Added Value ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Création De Valeur ◽  
The City ◽  
Poultry Farming ◽  
Local Chickens

Le chaponnage est une opération qui consiste à castrer et à engraisser un poulet (coquelet) afin d’atteindre une plus grande masse, une plus grande tendreté et donc d’améliorer la qualité de sa viande. Le coquelet castré est appelé chapon : c’est la volaille des fêtes sous d’autres cieux. A travers la création de valeur ajoutée sur des sujets considérés comme des non-valeurs économiques, le chaponnage peut contribuer à l’essor de l’aviculture camerounaise. En vue d’évaluer les effets du chaponnage sur les performances zootechniques du poulet local (villageois), une étude a été réalisée du 1er avril au 17 novembre 2018 dans la zone périurbaine de la ville de Ngaoundéré. Elle a porté sur 25 animaux répartis en deux lots et constitués à partir des parentaux acquis auprès des éleveurs locaux. Le lot 1 était constitué de 14 sujets ayant subi le chaponnage et le lot 2 formé de 11 mâles entiers. Le chaponnage a été réalisé à 8 semaines d’âge et les deux lots ont reçu une alimentation ad libitum. L’analyse statistique a montré que le gain de poids et l’indice de consommation ont varié de manière significative (p<0,05) chez les chapons par rapport aux coquelets entiers. Il en est de même en ce qui concerne le rendement carcasse et le poids des viscères. Les poids du coeur et du foie sont significativement (p<0,05) inférieurs chez les chapons tandis que le poids du gésier est significativement (p<0,05) supérieur chez les chapons par rapport aux mâles entiers. L’efficacité alimentaire a diminué avec l’âge dans les deux lots. Le gras abdominal qui était de 40,18 g chez les chapons et de 33,37 g chez les mâles entiers n’a pas été significativement (p>0,05) influencé par le chaponnage. Aucune mortalité n’a été observée après le chaponnage. Les résultats de cette étude confirment bien que le chaponnage peut permettre à l’éleveur de réaliser un bénéfice sur le plan de la vitesse de croissance et de la faible consommation d’aliments pour une bonne efficacité alimentaire par rapport aux mâles entiers.Mots clés : Aviculture, chapons, coquelet, efficacité alimentaire, mâles entiers.   English Title: Effects of the caponnage on the zootechnical performances of local chicken in the city of Ngaoundere in CameroonCaponnage is an operation which consists in castrating and fattering a chicken (cockerel) in order to achieve greater mass, greater tenderness and therefore to improve the quality of its meat. The castrated cockerel is called capon: it is the fowl of festivals under other skies. Through the creation of added value on subjects considered to have no economic values, the caponnage can contribute to the development of cameroonian poultry farming. In order to assess the effects of the caponnage on the zootechnical performances of local chickens, a study was carried out from 1st august to november 17th, 2018 in the peri-urban area of Ngaoundere. It involved 25 animals acquired from local breeders and divided into two batches. Batch 1 was made up of 14 subjects having undergone the caponnage and batch 2 made up of 11 whole males. The caponnage was carried out at 8 weeks of age and the two batches were fed ad libitum. Statistical analysis showed that the weight gain and the consumption index varied significantly (p<0,05) in capons compared to whole males. The same applies to the carcass yield and the weight of viscera. The weights of the heart, the liver and the gizzard are significantly (p<0,05) higher in capons than those of whole males. The abdominal fat, which was 40.18 g in capons and 33.37 g in whole males, was not significantly (p>0,05) influenced by the caponnage. No mortality was observed after the caponnage. The results of this study confirm that caponnage can allow the breeder to make profit in terms of growth speed and low feed consumption for good feed efficiency compared to the whole males.Keywords: Aviculture, capons, cockerel, food efficiency, whole males.

The use of poly additive Nabicat in the feeding of laying hens

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S. Nikolaev ◽  
L. Andreenko
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Poultry Farming

In modern poultry farming the most urgent tasks are to search for and test new environmentally safe feed and economically justifi ed additives that stimulate productivity, positively aff ect the health of poultry, and consequently increase the livability of livestock and other important zootechnical traits. In order to maintain physiologically normal processes of life, metabolism and increase the level of productivity of poultry it needs mineral components and their chelated compounds. The purpose of this work was to increase the egg productivity of poultry by using the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in feeding young hens and laying hens. The researches have been carried out on the poultry cross Highsex Brown under the environments in CJSC “Poultry Farm “Volzhskaya” in the Sredneakhtubinsky area in the Volgograd region. In this paper, The optimal dose of the introduction of the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in the diets of young and laying hens of the cross Highsex Brown has been scientifi cally justifi ed and the biological value of using an organic form of silicon has been determined. The positive infl uence of the optimal dose of poly additive on growth, consumption, and digestibility, nutrient metabolism in the poultry body, as well as egg productivity and quality of the resulting egg has been revealed. Thus, the average egg productivity per 1 hen in the control group during the experiment period was 321,3 pcs., and in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it was 322,6 pcs., 325,8 and 325,7 pcs., which was higher than in the control group by 0,40 %, 1,40 and 1,37 %, respectively. The average egg weight in the 1st experimental group exceeded the control by 0,43 g or 0,68 %, in the 2nd experimental group by 1,16 g or 1,84 %, in the 3rd experimental group by 0,81 g or 1,28 %. The economic eff ectiveness of using the organic silicon additive in the composition of Nabicat poly additive in the feeding of laying hens has been proved. The economic eff ect due to the use of diff erent doses of the introduction of silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in compound feed for laying hens of the 1st experimental group was 141,66 rubles, the 2nd experimental group 962,76 rubles, and the 3rd experimental group 821,89 rubles.

Clinical and Quality of Life Differences in Patients with COPD With and Without a Background of Hospitalization in the Last Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña ◽  
Juan Carlos Ávila-Valencia ◽  
Jorge Karim Assis ◽  
David Alejandro Escobar-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. An upward trend is estimated by 2030. One of the causes of mortality is the exacerbations of symptoms that result in hospitalizations. These hospitalizations reduce the quality of life, limit performance in daily life, and increase the costs for the health system and the patient. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with a medical diagnosis of COPD, considering some sociodemographic and clinical variables, and survival rates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients diagnosed with COPD who initiated pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) from January to September 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with one or more exacerbations that led to the hospitalization (COPD-H) and patients without hospitalizations in the last year (COPD-NH). Results: There were 128 participants (78 males and 50 females), with a mean age of 71.10±(9.34) in the COPD-H group and 71.30±(8.91) in the COPD-NH group. When comparing both groups, COPD-NH had a higher socioeconomic status (p=0.041), reporting a higher FEV1 44.71± (14.97), p=0.047, and comorbidities according to the COTE index (p<0.001). Conclusion: The patients with the highest number of hospitalizations belonged to a lower socioeconomic stratum and had a higher number of comorbidities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these factors at the beginning of PR.

Bactericidal activity of disinfectants

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
S. B. Lysko ◽  
M. V. Zadorozhnaya ◽  
O. A. Suntsova
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
C Center ◽  
Test Cultures ◽  
Poultry Farming

The modern market of drugs off ers a wide range of disinfectants. However, the constant use of the same drugs contributes to the development of resistance in the microfl ora and reduces the quality of activities. In this regard to develop eff ective measures to combat and prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to periodically monitor the activity of disinfectants used in the enterprise. The purpose of the researches was to study the bactericidal eff ect of disinfectants on the microfl ora of poultry enterprises. The researches have been carried out at the Siberian Scientifi c and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientifi c Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center”. The activity of 8 disinfectants to 37 test cultures isolated from poultry farms of diff erent productivity trends and species of poultry (chickens, turkeys, quails) has been tested. It has been found as a result of the conducted research that the most expressed bactericidal eff ect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were complex disinfectants, which included glutaraldehyde in combination with quaternary ammonium compounds. Thus, 1 % solutions of Gludesive and Viroshield provided the death of all test cultures, Dinovis Ultra and TN-4+ – 92 and 84 % of cultures. The disinfecting activity of Mirosan drug and formalin was most expressed for gram-positive microfl ora, among gram-negative microfl ora resistance was registered in 25–75 % and 25–50 % of cultures, respectively. Drugs EcoSide Advansa and Ecocide C have showed the lowest activity to all investigated microorganisms. The largest number of resistant cultures to the tested disinfectants have been registered in the bacteria of the genus Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while simultaneously noted resistance to 4–6 drugs.

How does the nature of forages and pasture diversity influence the sensory quality of dairy livestock products?

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
B. Martin ◽  
I. Verdier-Metz ◽  
S. Buchin ◽  
C. Hurtaud ◽  
J. B. Coulon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Basic Link

The characteristics of dairy products depend on both the processing technology and the chemical and microbiological characteristics of milk. The milk properties depend themselves on a number of production factors linked to animals (genetic and physiology) or feeding. Some of these factors, the way animal are fed in particular, are increasingly becoming the focus of consumers’ concern. In particular, grass-based diets are sensitive because grass carries a positive image that can be attractive to some, because it may confer special nutritional characteristics to the products and also because grass feeding is part of the basic link between products and their original land which is important in the case of labelled products (Protected Denomination of Origin [PDO]). The aim of this text is to take stock of the recent studies (Coulon et al., 2004), which have studied the effect of grass on the sensory qualities of cheeses and butter. Other dimensions of quality. i.e., health and nutrition, are not investigated.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Adverse Reactions in Cardiology: Ready for Implementation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Xandra García-González ◽  
Sara Salvador-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVs) are one of the main causes of mortality and disability around the world. Advances in drug treatment have greatly improved survival and quality of life in the past decades, but associated adverse events remain a relevant problem. Pharmacogenetics can help individualize cardiovascular treatment, reducing associated toxicities and improving outcomes. Several scientific societies and working groups periodically review available studies and provide consensus recommendations for those gene-drug pairs with a sufficient level of evidence. However, these recommendations are rarely mandatory, and the indications on how to adjust treatment can vary between different guidelines, which limits their clinical applicability. The aim of this review is to compile, compare and discuss available guidelines and recommendations by the main Pharmacogenetics Consortiums (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC); Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG); the French Network of Pharmacogenetics (Réseau national de pharmacogénétique (RNPGx) and The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety (CPNDS) regarding how to apply pharmacogenetic results to optimize pharmacotherapy in cardiology. Pharmacogenetic recommendations included in European or American drug labels, as well as those included in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) treatment guidelines are also discussed.

scholarly journals Ovicidal action of insectoacaricide drugs sentry home, Neostomazan 1:200 manufacured by CEVA, Neostomazan 1:200 manufacured by product and Extrazol M on fleas Ctenocephalides spp. eggs

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Olga Yasynovska
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Livestock Products

The aim of the research. To compare the ovicidal efficiency of insectoacaricides of different composition and manufacturers on flea eggs (Ctenocephalides spp.) for treatemnt of the premises where animals live. Materials and methods of the research. The study was conducted on the basis of the clinic of veterinary medicine "Vetservice" Sumy, laboratory "Veterinary Pharmacy" and "Innovative technologies and safety and quality of livestock products" of Sumy National Agrarian University. The ovicidal effect of insectoacaricides on flea eggs of Ctenocephalides spp. was studied. Ctenocephalides spp. eggs were selected from the pet bedding on which the animal spended most of its time, namely the cats. The studied material was selected with a cosmetic brush. Ctenocephalides spp. eggs were placed into a Petri dish of 10 eggs per each dish. The test material was introduced with a dental probe. There were 4 test dishes, which were treated with insectoacaricides (each test dish was treated with a separate drug) and 1 control dish with no treatment. Microscopy was conducted under a light microscope with magnification X8 of each egg, with following treatment of each egg with insectoacaricides. Monitoring was conducted in 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. Results. Research has shown that drugs which demonstrated 100 % ovicidal effectiveness were Sentry Home (pyriproxyfen – 0.02 %, permethrin – 0.2 %, n-Octyl Bicyclohepten – 1.0 %) in 24 hours and Neostomazan (CEVA)(transmix – 5.0 g, tetramethrin – 0.5 g) in 72 hours. Conclusions. Insectoacaricide drug Sentry Home (pyriproxyfen – 0.02 %, permethrin – 0.2 %, n-Octyl Bicyclohepten – 1.0 %), used for the treatment of the premises where the animals live, showed the most pronounced ovicidal effect in 24 hours.

Forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from dual-purpose cowpea cultivars for dry season, livestock and feeding in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
N.J. Anyanwu ◽  
O.S. Onifade ◽  
J.A. Olanite ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
B.O. Boukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Humid Forest Zone ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The availability of high quality forage, especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest zone of Nigeria. The forage and pod yields of twenty cultivars were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Subsequently, five dual-purpose cultivars, namely IT04K-334-2, IT07K-293-3, IT04K-194-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, were selected based on forage and pod yields from previous trial, for determination of chemical and fibre compositions. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in pod and forage yields among the twenty cowpea cultivars, with yields ranging from 0-1.5 t ha-1 and 0.1-4.5 t ha-1 for pod and forage, respectively. Cultivars IT07K-293-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-194-3, IT04K-334-2, IT04K-267-8 and IT04K-339-1 recorded the highest fodder yields of at least 2715 t ha-1, with crude protein contents ranging from 10.49% in IT07K-194-3 to 13 .57 % in IT04K-405-5. Cultivars IT07K-194-3, IT07K-293-3, IT07K-220-1-9, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-187-55IT04K-332-1 recorded the highest pod yields (>700 t ha-1). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) contents among five cultivars selected from the top ten high yielding cultivars, based on mean ranking score. These selected cultivars are recommended as dual-purpose cowpea for the humid forest zone.

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