scholarly journals Structural-Functional Analysis of a Pension as an Object of Pension Legal Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
I. R. Mamatkazin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pension Coverage ◽  
State Pension

The pension system of the Russian Federation has undergone three fundamental reforms. In 1992, the first law on pensions began to operate in Russia, which significantly differed from the Union legislation. In 2002, insurance principles were introduced into the pension system, which led to a change in the entire system of pension coverage for persons working under an employment contract, including new types of pension coverage. In 2015, there was a significant reform of the existing insurance pension system, which in its significance is no less significant than all the previous changes in the pension legislation. Each pension reform changed the procedure for calculating pensions, legislatively establishing a new pension formula for determining the amount of a pension. Along with this, the structural elements of pensions also changed. At the same time, it is possible to identify similar features in the structural elements of pensions assigned in different periods, but at the functional level. The totality of similar functions of pension elements allows us to talk about certain patterns in the development of the pension provision of the Russian Federation. So, despite the change in the nature of pensions from state to insurance, the essence of pensions, in general, remained the same. Moreover, the essence and functions of the elements of state and insurance pensions are largely the same. The pension is a social security payment with a complex structure. The presence of a structure, the presence of elements and connections between them, indicates a complex function performed by a pension. This function cannot be reduced to a compensatory function, a function of assistance or a function of substitution of earnings. There is an element in the pension structure that reflects past employment. In pensions of different nature, this happens in different ways: wages are taken into account (in state pensions) or insurance contributions (in compulsory pension insurance pensions). In addition, the pension should include an element that increases the amount of the pension in the presence of special circumstances of a subjective nature: disabled dependents, the need for constant outside care. In pensions for state pension provision, such an element is supplements to pensions; in compulsory pension insurance, this function is performed by a fixed payment. Social pensions and funded pension are one-component payments, which raises questions not only about the nature of these pensions, but also about their essence.

scholarly journals REASONS AND FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN THE PENSION SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
T.G. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Current System ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Registry System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Pension

Due to the introduction of the digital economy on the territory of the Russian Federation and the urgency of the problem of implementing the distributed registry system (Blockchain) in various financial spheres, including the system of accounting for pension rights and obligations in the state and non-state pension systems, an attempt was made to assess the principles of implementing the Blockchain mechanism in the system of accounting for pension rights, insurance premiums and pension payments. The current system of centralized registries is based on the full confidence of its participants-clients. In particular, persons insured in the pension system. The non-transparency of the non-state pension component and the periodic changes in the state pension system seriously undermine this trust of citizens. Thus, the system of distributed registries that will solve this problem operates on the principles of transparency, availability for verification, reliability (security of transactions), economy, and trust on the part of customers. The article also considers the problem of formation and distribution of the accumulative pension component. The analysis of its losses and features of transfer to different pension organizations - participants of the state pension insurance system is carried out. It is proposed to solve the problems associated with these processes by implementing a system of distributed registries and smart contracts. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the distributed registry system are presented, as well as the difficulties of its implementation in the near future in the pension system of the Russian Federation are analyzed.

scholarly journals Pension Security for Citizens of the Russian Federation: Social Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Natalya Pazdnikova ◽  
Alena Vazhenina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
State Pension

The formation of a pension system that has integrity, safety, efficiency and meets the needs of citizens is a socially significant and scientific task. To solve such problems, it is necessary not only to focus on the priorities of strategic planning, but also to constantly search for methodological tools, new regulatory levers and management methods, especially in the face of increasing all kinds of social risks. The purpose of the study is to show the need to address issues related to the identification of social risks, assessment of their impact on the citizens’ pension provision, which will ensure a clear understanding of the effectiveness of the applied mechanisms of state pension insurance in the Russian Federation. The author’s research was carried out on the basis of statistical, regulatory, expert, balance methods, as well as the stress testing method, which made it possible to assess the level of social risks of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main results of the study are as follows: the current statistics of the state of pension provision of Russian citizens is presented; a method of stress testing for identification and assessment of the level of social risks was proposed and tested; the key factors of the emergence of the latter are identified. The article reflects scientific results that demonstrate the normal level of social risks and the adequacy of reserves in the event of their strengthening on the example of a specific subject. The main conclusions of the authors prove the need for social risk management and the formation of an effective pension system for Russian citizens, taking the implementation of preventive measures into account. Reducing social risks for the population will make it possible to successfully pursue state policy and have civil confidence in the future.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF PENSION RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE SYSTEM OF COMPULSORY PENSION INSURANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
A.L. Safonov ◽  
◽  
M.A. Anyushina ◽  
O. A. Dubrovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The present paper defines that the changes made to the pension legislation in the process of the ongoing pension reform have seriously modernized the mechanism for the formation of pension rights of persons insured in the compulsory pension insurance system, and have tightened the conditions for assigning old-age pensions. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of the formation of pension rights in terms of insurance and funded pensions for various categories of insured persons. Assessment of the pension rights for 2017 of 27,015 thousand employees of medium and large organizations and individual entrepreneurs insured in the compulsory pension insurance system (CPS), made it possible to conclude that under the current rules for the formation of pension rights to persons insured in the compulsory pension insurance system, in the conditions of the economic crisis prevailing in the Russian Federation, after the end of the transition period in 2024, a significant category of employees will need more than 15 years of insurance experience to be eligible to assign an old-age insurance pension. Starting from 2024, the number of people who have not received the right to an old-age insurance pension and who can expect to receive a social old-age pension only after five years will significantly increase among those who have reached retirement age. Among those retiring, the number of persons who have formed the minimum retirement points will increase; accordingly, in the future, the number of pensioners receiving the minimum pension, the size of which is lower than the pensioner's subsistence minimum, will increase. The authors concluded that to improve the situation with the formation of pension rights, first of all, it is necessary to stabilize the economic situation in the country, to ensure the development of the economy, to increase the income of the insured in the compulsory pension insurance system. In addition, it is necessary to activate the state policy in the field of legalization of labor relations, make changes to the mechanism for the formation of pension rights, linking this mechanism with the real contribution of the employee throughout his labor activity, thereby increasing his interest in the formation of pensions, and for categories of employees with traditional low incomes and those employed in socially significant spheres of activity (for example, education, health care, science) to make the transition to the state pension system.

DEVELOPMENT OF NON-STATE PENSION INSURANCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
O. I. RYABICHEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Key Indicators

The article examines non-state pension insurance in the Russian Federation at the present stage. The analysis of key indicators is carried out, ways of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the market of non-state pension services in Russia, its influence on social processes taking place in the country are considered.

scholarly journals The Pension System in Ukraine – Some Aspects of Reforming

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
M. M. Furdak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Accumulation System ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Pension Payments ◽  
Compulsory State

This publication is aimed at studying the processes and defining the main problems in reforming the pension system of Ukraine. The article analyzes the state of functioning and development of three levels of pension provision at the present stage of socio-economic development of the country. It is determined that only level 1 actually works in Ukraine – the solidarity system of compulsory State-controlled pension insurance, while the mandatory accumulation system has not acquired its development, and the voluntary accumulation system has an extremely low share in the general pension system. Some financial results of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2020 and the approved budget for 2021 are analyzed. Substantiated conclusions have been drawn about the problems of the solidarity system, such as: the existing budget deficit of the Fund, which leads to the formation of its debts; low, socially unadapted level of pensions; disparities in the size of pensions assigned in different years. The rating of currently operating non-State pension funds of Ukraine (the third level of pension provision) are analyzed according to the criteria of asset value, number of participants, amounts of pension payments and profitability, as well as the dynamics of some basic indicators of their activity. It is determined that the functioning of the non-State pension system in the country is hampered, in particular, for psychological reasons due to the population’s distrust of non-State institutions. Since the second level of pension provision – the mandatory accumulation system – has not yet started working in the country and taking into account the problems of the first and third levels, a reasonable conclusion has been made on the inhibition of the pension reform in Ukraine and the need to intensify the work on the implementation of all three levels of pension provision in order to achieve a sufficient level of social protection of citizens.

scholarly journals Pension insurance in Russia and in the modern world: trends and prospects.

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Razumov ◽  
Dmitrij Nikolaevich Ermakov ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
The West ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Western Experience ◽  
Pension Payments

The article analyzes the main aspects of economic efficiency of annuity assurance policy in Russia. The general trends in the development of pension systems in the countries of the West, the difference between Russia and the West in this aspect are revealed. The author offers to make the pension system of Russia more socially just and close to the ideas of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The linkage of pension payments to the interest rate is seen as an ineffective and dangerous approach in modern Russian conditions to the organization of pension provision for the population, for which there is a negative Western experience. The purpose of this article is to designate the most suitable way for Russia to develop the pension reform within the framework of the review of the study of problems of increasing the efficiency of the pension system in Russia.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATE PENSION FUNDS IN RUSSIA

2014 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
A. Pudovkin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Private Pension ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Near Future

The article under the title "Analysis and prospects of private pension funds in Russia" deals with the pension system of the Russian Federation and the problems that the private pension funds will be facing with the introduction of the new pension reform. In addition, the article also deeply studies the private pension funds market in Russia. The study presented in the article also aims to thoroughly analyze the key drivers of the recent boom of the private pension funds sector. In addition, the study also reflects on the prospects of development of private pension funds and the major growth factors for the future taking into considerations the latest pension reform. It is exactly the pension capital that constitutes the major role to the growth of the the private pension funds market. In addition, taking into account the latest developments in the pension legislature, which imply no pension capital available to the private pension funds for the period 2014-2015 years, it is easy to foresee that the only growth factor left is pension reserves. Overall it obviously means that private pension funds should develop private pension schemes. Moreover, private pension insurance may become the major driver of the whole pension industry in the near future.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization challenges on pension provision development

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Liliya Barannyk
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes pension provision development in the world and the problems of its implementation under the globalization challenges. The main reasons for considering pension provision as a global problem are specified. It is noted that the negative manifestations of globalization are inherent in the Ukrainian practice of pension provision. The purpose of the paper is to study the world’s experience in reforming national pension systems under increasing global negative trends. The research was conducted using the methods of scientific knowledge: comparison and generalization – to establish the essential differences in approaches to the globalization processes studying; analysis and synthesis – to identify regularities in economic development and their determination of social consequences; historical and logical, as well as statistical methods. The article considers some countries’ experience in improving the practice of pension provision. It was established that pension reform was aimed at making the pension age most upon the individual achievements of an employee (pension insurance record, salary, deductions, other personal preferences). In most developed countries, pension funds are provided from three sources: state pension funds, corporate sector pensions and individual pensions received under a contract of personal voluntary pension accumulative insurance. Further development of the pension system in Ukraine should be provided due to the introduction of its second level. As a result of the study, it was found out that global challenges are problems that hinder the normal course of human development. They make a particular negative impact on pension provision. The search for methods to neutralize or mitigate the effects of global challenges has led many countries to introduce a three-tier pension system that involves funding from various sources.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD COUNTRIES IN THE SYSTEM OF PENSION INSURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Natalia Koval ◽  
Natalia Priamuhina ◽  
Inna Zhmurko
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The World ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of pension insurance systems in Europe, Asia, North and South America, Australia. The defining feature is that the existing pension insurance system in Ukraine does not perform its main task properly, since the rate of pension, for the most part, does not make it possible to maintain a decent standard of living for current pensioners. After analyzing the implementation of the pension reform in Ukraine, it should be emphasized that during the twelve-year period after the pension reform in the country there remain a number of unresolved issues regarding the pension provision of citizens, namely: aging of the population, which is one of the main factors that prompt the government to a new stage of reforming the pension system; the presence of arrears on contributions to compulsory state pension insurance; lack of proper differentiation of pension payments; shadow wages; lack of sound financial instruments for investing pension assets; unsatisfactory level of legal and financial awareness of the population in matters of pension provision; lack of interest of employers in financing non-state pension programs for employees, lack of confidence in the pension system of non-state pension funds. Methods. In most countries of the world, the problems of the pension system, same to what we have in our country, arose. But due to pension reform, they achieved successful results. Each country chose its own way of building a pension system based on its own demographic and socioeconomic features. However, despite this, the main task of any pension system is to secure from poverty and provide a pension that could guarantee a decent standard of living for a pensioner. Results. Ukraine is trying to build the pension insurance system, drawing on the best practice of the countries studied. Practical implications. It is found that the most effective and successful model of the pension system is considered to be Chilean, since the country has been using cumulative and voluntary pension systems for a long time, which are priority and allow to resolve the pension of their citizens financially, prudent and efficient investing of pension funds with lower rates of public investment income. The same model was taken as the basis in Peru, Argentina, Colombia and Kazakhstan. Value/originality. Analyzing the pension reforms implemented in Eastern Europe, it should be noted that part of the changes was due to the need to protect pensioners from poverty in the context of a sharp decrease in the rate of pensions because of the reduction of total pension contributions and the inability of the state to finance previous pension obligations. The real way to reduce the financial burden on employers and the state in the context of a solidarity pension system was to develop levels II and III of the pension system. It is noteworthy to study the foreign experience of the Eastern European country, such as Poland, which was one of the first to introduce a compulsory funded pension system.

scholarly journals NOWADAYS CHALLENGES OF PENSION REFORM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Dudchenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tier System ◽  
State Pension

The paper examines current challenges of the pension reform. The State should guarantee every citizen an adequate standard of living; take care of both present-day and future pensioners. It is noted that the pension reform in Ukraine, which began in 2003, is moving slowly, especially with regard to non-state pension provision; the introduction of a three-tier system is still far away. The number of pensioners is growing year on year, despite the fact that the requirements for the retirement age and insurance experience are increasing, and the amount of pension payments remains, in most cases, extremely small that they fail to provide not only a decent standard of living, but also in most cases the most necessary human needs. The reform of the domestic pension system, which aims to reduce the deficit of the pension fund of Ukraine and ensure its self-sufficiency, is currently taking place by modernizing the methodology for calculating and paying pensions, introducing modern information technologies for managing the functioning of the pension fund of Ukraine, improving national legislation by bringing it closer to the requirements of the European administrative space. This is what will largely determine the depth of changes made within the framework of the pension reform. In scientific circles, the questions about the characteristics, essence and content of the pension system, as well as the very definition of the concept of “pension reform” are still not sufficiently studied, which is also due to the rapid changes in the external environment of the pension system functioning. The article analyzes the current state of the pension system of Ukraine, reveals the essence of the pension reform, and studies the relationship and impact of the financial crisis on the pension system. The prospects for the development of the pension system, the importance of the funded system and the system of non-state pension insurance are substantiated and proved, the main innovations of the pension system, advantages and disadvantages of the pension reform are identified. The analysis of the level of pension provision in Ukraine in comparison with other countries is carried out and the problems of implementing the funded system and the system of non-state pension provision in Ukraine are identified.

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