scholarly journals The Dynamics of Attitudes Towards Migration in Russia (according to data of the European Social Survey 2006–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nataliya S. Mastikova
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

The studies of attitudes towards migration in Russia indicate a negative attitude of the receiving population towards migrants and the consequences they bring. Despite the fact that there are works done on individual waves of the European Social Survey (ESS) study, the question remains as to what the dynamics of attitudes towards migration in Russia is and what is the reason for the negative attitude. A review of studies on the causes of negative attitudes towards migrants over the years has shown that in most studies the economic factor has the strongest explanatory power. More pronounced negative attitude in countries with a large proportion of migrants in the population, with a high level of unemployment in the country. In an article based on data from the five waves (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016), the ESS examines the attitude of Russians to migration over a period of 10 years. At the 2016 data, there is an increase in negative assessments of the variables under consideration, which characterize the attitude towards the relocation of migrants into the country of the respondent and the assessment of the changes introduced by migrants. Using regression with dummy variables, an attempt is made to determine the factors affecting the attitude of Russians to migrants. Several models have been built, including economic, cultural, contextual, sociodemographic factors and the human capital factor, in addition, all models included the variable of the year of study, taking into account the effect of the period. It was revealed that none of the models constructed explains the attitude of Russians towards migrants in the dynamics of years in Russia, the coefficient of determination in all versions of the models built did not exceed 1%. The conclusion about the limitations of the database to identify factors influencing the attitude of Russians to migrants in the dynamics of years is substantiated. Restrictions, in particular, are related to the fact that many of the variables of interest do not repeat in all ESS waves, which makes it impossible to study them in dynamics. The potential of qualitative methods as a possible option for further study of the topic is discussed.

scholarly journals Who is set against migrants in Russia? Analyzing certain socio-demographic characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-125
Author(s):  
Nataliya S. Mastikova ◽  
Pavel V. Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

This article analyzes the connection between the socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education level, type of settlement, marital status) and attitudes towards migrants of the Russian people. The authors point out that, throughout the course of a decade (2006-2016), over 60% of respondents were negatively assessing the changes occurring in our country due to immigrant presence, which actualizes the need to study the group which bears the utmost negative attitude, with it being considered a latent threat to the stability of society. Based on analyzing contemporary scientific research, we know that in most studies socio-demographic variables are used in regression models, though they are introduced into equations with no initial theoretical assumptions – so any results attained are not discussed, but merely acknowledged. Thus, we have identified that the results of studies of the connection between socio-demographic characteristics and respondents’ attitudes towards migrants are controversial and largely dependent on factors of context (such as the country under examination, its cultural and historical specifics). Based on data from the European social survey (2018), while using a decision tree technique (CHAID), the connection between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards migrants is analyzed with the goal of determining those groups of Russians that hold the most contempt for migrants. As it turns out, such a group is represented by women aged 60-69 with basic secondary education, residing in large cities or their suburbs. An assumption is made about this group of the population possibly being influenced by mass media, which is escalating an “immigration panic”. Overall the analysis shows that the connection between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards migrants is not a constant pattern. The results and vector of this connection change depending on the year when the study was conducted, on the context, the political situation, as well as other factors. The only exception being the connection between education level and attitude towards immigrants: in all of the examined studies a high level of education was invariably associated with a positive attitude towards migrants. In conclusion, the potential of qualitative methods was assessed – them being a viable option for further studying the topic – as well as the media’s role in shaping the image of immigrants in the public mind.

scholarly journals The Day After the Bomb: Well-Being Effects of Terrorist Attacks in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Colombo ◽  
Valentina Rotondi ◽  
Luca Stanca
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
The Government

AbstractWe study the non-monetary costs of terrorist attacks in France, Belgium and Germany between 2010 and 2017. Using four waves of the European Social Survey, we find that individual well-being is significantly reduced in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. We explore possible mechanisms, finding that terrorist attacks are negatively correlated with generalized trust, institutional trust, satisfaction with democracy and satisfaction with the government. Terrorist attacks are also found to be positively correlated with negative attitudes towards migrants and perceived discrimination. Contrary to expectations, the negative relationship between terrorism and well-being is less strong for Muslim immigrants. We interpret this finding as an indication that immigrants benefit more than natives from the institutional reaction following terrorist attacks.

scholarly journals Attitude towards Javanese Language: A Case Study of English Department Students in Brawijaya University, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Destyana Cory Prastiti ◽  
Emy Sudarwati
Keyword(s):  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
English Department ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Research Questions

<em>This study aims to scrutinize the attitude of Javanese youth towards their use of local language. There are two research questions proposed in this study such as namely: 1) how is the attitude of Javanese youth towards their local language, 2) what are the factors that effect on their attitudes. The objectives of this study are to define the attitude of Javanese youth towards their local language and to discover why they are behaving so. Furthermore, this study adopted qualitative method applying descriptive analysis and selected the students of English Department of Batch 2014 Batch in Brawijaya University as the participants. The results showed that the subjects indicated showed both positive and negative attitudes towards the use of Javanese language depending on the context. The positive attitude was frequently revealed on questions related to their efforts in conserving Javanese as the local language, while the negative attitude was mostly reflected on the statements associated with their language preference in daily life. Moreover, there are several factors affecting their language attitudes namely the Javanese language internal system, social and traditional, and the prestige and the power of language.</em>

scholarly journals The Political Legitimacy of the Healthcare System in Portugal: Insights from the European Social Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Maria Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Private Households ◽  
The Government

This article investigates the political legitimacy of the health care system and the effects of austerity on the population’s welfare, paying particular attention to Portugal, a country severely harmed by the economic crisis. Based on analysis of data collected from the European Social Survey on 14,988 individuals living in private households during the years between 2002 and 2018, the findings of this study aim to analyze the social and political perception of citizens on the state of health services in two distinctive periods—before and after the economic crisis, according to self-interest, ideological preferences, and institutional setup as predictors of the satisfaction with the health system. The results demonstrate a negative attitude towards the health system over the years, a consistent drop during the financial crisis period, and a rapid recovery afterward. The research also shows that healthcare evaluations depend on the perceived institutional effectiveness in the citizenry’s eyes. The more the citizens perceive the government as effective and trust-worthy, the more they are satisfied with the health system. Also, differences in healthcare evaluations among social groups were felt unequally: while vulnerable citizens were more affected by the Government’s plan of austerity measures for health reform, healthcare evaluations of better-off social groups—younger individuals, those with higher incomes, higher education, and better health status—did not decline. This study contributes to the academic debate on the effects of austerity on the population’s welfare attitudes and highlights the need to examine the different impacts of reforms introduced by the crisis on social groups.

scholarly journals Factors affecting trust in police in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Bekir Çakar
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Using Data

<p>Law enforcement administrators generally evaluate their performance using statistics related to crime control. These statistics are important indicators for measuring performance, but it is also crucial to measure of public opinions toward the police. This study examines the determinants of public trust in the police. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 4, for the analysis, a total sample of 2,416 persons is selected from respondents from Turkey. The study provides a snapshot of citizens’ perceptions toward law enforcement. Overall, the results of this study regarding the demographic variables, including age, gender, marital status, and education, were consistent with previous research and proved to be significantly related to trust in the police. Surprisingly, perceived victimization failed to show a significant relationship. However, important predictors included perceived fear of crime and trust in the political system, which had significant impacts on public trust in the police. Especially, fear of crime was a significant predictor of satisfaction with police. Effective crime control and lowering crime rates are considered the core functions of law enforcement by citizens. Therefore, perceived effectiveness in fighting crime can lower individual fear of crime and thus increase satisfaction with law enforcement.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Attitudes towards migrants and the changes they bring, in assessments of Russians and Europeans

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Mastikova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Demographic

This article, based on a European social survey for the year 2016, analyzes the attitudes of Russian and European citizens towards the influx of migrants into their respective countries, as well as towards the changes that said migrants bring with them. Despite the fact that Russia is among the leading countries in terms of migrant count, while remaining separated from those migration flows which bred the current European migrant crisis, it is among the top three nations with the most negative attitudes towards people migrating to their country, as well as in terms of evaluating the changes attributed to said migrants. In regards to migration inflow, the utmost negative assessments are prevalent in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Russia. Positive assessments were recorded in Iceland and Sweden. When it comes to changes introduced by migrants, the most negative assessments among all of the countries surveyed were again recorded in Hungary, Russia and the Czech Republic. The most tolerant countries in this regard turned out to be Scandinavian nations: Iceland, Sweden and Finland. Negative assessments in Hungary and the Czech Republic can be attributed to the fact that these nations act as migration transit points of sorts on the path towards the wealthiest of European states. They do not possess the resources necessary to handle accommodating and supporting transit migrants, as well as providing security for their own host populations. This article also cites the discussion on potential reasons for anti-migrant attitudes in foreign research. Among the main reasons highlighted are cultural factors (values and beliefs in the countries studied), economic (competition in the labor market, income level, GDP, the proportion of migrants among the general population), social-demographic (gender, age, education level, type of settlement), contextual factors (religion, political orientation, mass-media influence) etc. In Russia, aside from the aforementioned factors, the effect of low living standards and propagandistic coverage of the European migrant crisis in mass-media is also a consideration.

Attitudes toward Refugees in Contemporary Europe: A Longitudinal Perspective on Cross-National Differences

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S Czymara
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
National Differences ◽  
European Public ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

Abstract In 2015, the number of people seeking asylum in Europe skyrocketed. However, asylum applications were mainly concentrated in a few destination countries such as Germany, Austria, or Sweden. After the so-called EU-Turkey deal, asylum rates quickly dropped in subsequent years. I examine how these developments affected public opinion from both a static and a dynamic comparative perspective. The rapid and largely unpredicted rise in refugee numbers and their prominence in public debates make demographic changes potent drivers of out-group hostility. The analysis of data from over 50,000 individuals in 22 countries contained in the seventh and eighth waves of the European Social Survey shows that attitudes toward refugees do not simply follow trends in asylum applications. Significantly lowering refugee numbers, hence, did not counter anti-refugee sentiments in the European public. Based on intra-country variation over time, the model rather predicts an increase in negative attitudes during times of considerable demographic shifts. Deeper analyses reveal that this effect is stronger for conservative Europeans as well as for those who distrust EU-politics. Moreover, while a general willingness to help is associated with more openness toward refugees, actually experiencing foreigner inflow diminishes this link, suggesting limitations of humanitarian concerns. Results are stable across various modelling and sample choices and not driven by individual countries. In sum, these findings demonstrate the importance of temporal dynamics for the formation of attitudes toward refugees in contemporary Europe and point to potentially polarizing effects of immigration along ideological lines.

Influence of Attitudes Toward Immigration on State Legitimacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-970
Author(s):  
Cristina Del Castillo ◽  
Alicia Blanco-González ◽  
Encarnación González-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

The current article studies the influence of attitudes toward immigration on state legitimacy. We analyzed the European Union countries that received the greatest immigrant inflows in 2014: Germany, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom, through data from the latest edition of the European Social Survey. Our results show that citizens with negative attitudes toward immigration consider their states to be less legitimate. Conversely, positive attitudes toward immigration are not associated with increased state legitimacy (except in Spain). Based on these findings, there is a clear need for communication strategies that provide information on the actual effects of immigration. In their absence, the political discourse on this matter will continue to be co-opted by power-grabbing actors.

scholarly journals Examining sociodemographic factors of life satisfaction and happiness perception based on ESS 2016 data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sabrina Femenia Mulet
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Post Hoc

El presente trabajo pretende analizar aspectos sociodemográficos tales como: género, edad, nivel educativo, recursos económicos, o diferencias entre países, realativos al uso de Internet, así como su impacto en la percepción del Bienestar, tomando los datos de la European Social Survey –anualidad 2016. Se ha analizado la percepción del Bienestar, a  través  de  autoevaluaciones de nivel de felicidad y satisfacción con la vida de las personas incluidas en la encuesta. Se han aplicado distintos análisis estadísticos como el ANOVA test de un factor, (P-value 0.000), test post-hoc de Bonferroni-Tukey, o el test de comparación de proporciones entre columnas cuando ha sido necesario. La originalidad de este estudio recae en el tamaño de la muestra y datos recientes. Existen múltiples estudios que analizan este concepto, aunque generalmente presentan menor tamaño de muestra. Así pues, este estudio pretende contrastar investigaciones previasy ofrecer resultados interesantes en relación con las desigualdades entre países o fuente de ingresos. Se presentan resultados y conclusiones para su discusión.

Negative attitudes of Danish dairy farmers to their livestock correlates negatively with animal welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Andreasen ◽  
P Sandøe ◽  
S Waiblinger ◽  
B Forkman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Patient Handling ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Danish Dairy

Positive stockperson attitudes to his or her animals is associated with a positive behavioural response in the animals and in other indicators assumed to reflect a high level of welfare as well as increased productivity, eg in milk yield. Conversely, negative attitudes have been found to have the opposite effect. However, so far, no attempt has been made to link the attitudes of stockpersons to outcomes of comprehensive protocols assessing animal welfare at farm level. In the study reported here, attitudes of Danish dairy farmers are compared with the on-farm welfare of dairy cows as assessed by the Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol. In 35 dairy herds the welfare was assessed, and the farmers filled in a self-report questionnaire on their attitudes to dairy cows and how they should be handled. The farmers on the farms with the lowest total welfare score could, according to the self-report questionnaire, be characterised as those with a negative attitude to the handling of cows (eg less strongly disliked to kick a cow or use a stick, when necessary). As expected, farmer behavioural attitudes regarding different situations correlated: for example, farmers who liked more to work with and have positive interactions with the cows also agreed more on patient handling and the importance of regular positive contact. Furthermore, farms where farmers gave cows a positive characteristic were found to score highly on the WQ principle 'Appropriate behaviour'.

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