KARAKTERISTIK SPRAY BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN MINYAK DIESEL DAN BIODIESEL CALLOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM

ROTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Lutfi Azis ◽  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Spray Characteristic

The characteristic of spray largely determines of combustion quality. Before testing the fuel of diesel engine, characteristic of spray is needed to know. Biodiesel made from nyamplung seeds (callophyllum inophylum) mixed with diesel oil for spray characteristics test. The research was conducted at 1 atm ambient pressure, 15 MPa injection pressure. The fuel used Oil diesel added biodiesel variation B0, B20, B30, dan B100. The fuel mixture sprayed by nozzle tester and recorded using a 480 fps camera at 224x168 resolution to cognize spray tip penetration and spray angle. The result of research showing viscosity of fuel mixture has huge impact on spray characteristic. At high viscosity, longer spray tip penetration longer and smaller spray angle. Its affects the homogeneity of the mixture of fuel and the air. Keywords: spray characteristic, biodiesel, callophyllum inophylum

scholarly journals Comprehensive Spray Characteristics of Water in Port Fuel Injection Injector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park ◽  
Lee ◽  
Park
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Quantity ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Visualization

The objective of this study was to compare the injection and spray characteristics of water with n-heptane using a port fuel injection (PFI) system. In this study, the injection pressure was changed to 0.3–0.9 Mpa and the energizing duration was changed to 0.5–4 ms. To investigate spray characteristics, the injection quantities of n-heptane and water were measured. Macroscopic spray characteristics were determined through spray visualization. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and velocity of spray droplets were measured with a phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) experiment. Spray tip penetration, spray angle, SMD of droplets, and spray droplet velocity were compared. As the injection pressure increased, the injection quantity and the droplets velocity increased. However, the spray tip penetration, SMD of the droplet, and the spray angle decreased. The increase in energizing duration led to an increase in the injection quantity without affecting other spray characteristics. The higher density of water also increased injection quantity, resulting in a decrease in spray tip penetration and increases of SMD and velocity of spray droplets due to high viscosity and surface tension of water.

scholarly journals Spray Characteristics at Preheating Temperatur of Diesel-Biodiesel-Gasoline Fuel Blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Moch Miftahul Arifin ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik ◽  
Muh. Nurkoyim Kustanto ◽  
Agus Triono
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration

Technological developments in diesel engines require improvements to the fuel injection system to meet the criteria for economical, high-power and efficient combustion and meet environmental regulatory standards. One method that has a lot of interest is changing the characteristics of the fuel, with the aim of producing optimal combustion. Spray characteristics have a big role in determining the quality of combustion in diesel engines. A good spray can improve the quality of fuel atomization and the homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber so that it can produce good engine performance and low emissions. This study aims to determine the effect of a diesel-biodiesel (Calophyllum inophyllum)-gasoline blendandfuel heating on the spray characteristics. The research was conducted with variations in composition (B0, B100, B30, B30G5 and B30G10) and fuel heating (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). Fuel injected atapressure of 17 MPa in to a pressure chamber of 3 bar. The spray formed was recorded with a high-speed camera of 480 fps (resolution 224x168 pixel). In B100 biodiesel, the highest viscosity and density cause high spray tip penetration, small spray angle, and high spray velocity. The addition of diesel oil, gasoline, and heating fuel reduces the viscosity and density so that the spray tip penetration decreases, the spray angle increases and the velocity of spray decreases.

A Study on Reasonable Ratios of Vegetable Oils and Diesel Oil in Mixed Fuel Used as an Alternative Fuel for Marine Diesel Engines in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
The Nam Tran ◽  
Van Uy Dang ◽  
Dai An Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Straight Vegetable Oil ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel

Vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to as straight vegetable oil (SVO). SVOs have some advantages in comparison with fossil fuel oils such as: renewability, local availability, lower sulfur content, etc. avoiding the environmental effects caused by sulfuric acid, lower aromatic content and high biodegradability. However, SVOs are also attached to several disadvantages such as: high viscosity, low heating value, high fatty contents, influencing on injection process and causing engine coking if misused. In order to prevent such negative effects of diesel engine fuelled by SVO, one of potential solutions is using blends of SVO with diesel oil (DO). In such case, the reasonable ratio of SVO and diesel oil plays a very important role for normal running condition, but also seems to be challenge to identify. The article shows results of a study on defining the ratio for marine diesel application. It is firstly based on the assessment on the heat release processes inside the diesel engine cylinder upon a specific simulation with different blends of SVO and diesel oil. In comparison with the particular requirements for fuel of marine engines, the preferable percentage of vegetable oil in the fuel mixture is pointed out. And finally, the experiments with fuel system of a typical marine diesel engine, HANSHIN 6LU32, installed at the lab of Vietnam Maritime University in terms of checking real engine’s operation and reducing harmful emissions.

scholarly journals Liquid Propane Injection in Flash-Boiling Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6257
Author(s):  
Łukasz Jan Kapusta ◽  
Jakub Bachanek ◽  
Changzhao Jiang ◽  
Jakub Piaszyk ◽  
Hongming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Liquid Propane ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Commercial Gasoline ◽  
Flash Boiling ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the influence of flash-boiling conditions on liquid propane sprays formed by a multi-hole injector at various injection pressures. The focus was on spray structures, which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of spray-tip penetration and global spray angle. The effect of flash boiling was evaluated in terms of trends observed for subcooled conditions. Propane was injected by a commercial gasoline direct injector into a constant volume vessel filled with nitrogen at pressures from 0.1 MPa up to 6 MPa. The temperature of the injected liquid was kept constant. The evolution of the spray penetration was observed by a high-speed camera with a Schlieren set-up. The obtained results provided information on the spray evolution in both regimes, above and below the saturation pressure of the propane. Based on the experimental results, an attempt to calibrate a simulation model has been made. The main advantage of the study is that the effects of injection pressure on the formation of propane sprays were investigated for both subcooled and flash-boiling conditions. Moreover, the impact of the changing viscosity and surface tension was limited, as the temperature of the injected liquid was kept at the same level. The results showed that despite very different spray behaviours in the subcooled and flash-boiling regimes, leading to different spray structures and a spray collapse for strong flash boiling, the influence of injection pressure on propane sprays in terms of spray-tip penetration and spray angle is very similar for both conditions, subcooled and flash boiling. As for the numerical model, there were no single model settings to simulate the flashing sprays properly. Moreover, the spray collapse was not represented very well, making the simulation set-up more suitable for less superheated sprays.

Simulation of Dual-Fuel Diesel Combustion With Multi-Zone Fuel Spray Combustion Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuleshov ◽  
Khamid Mahkamov ◽  
Andrey Kozlov ◽  
Yury Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Fuel Sprays

There is increasing interest in application of various alternative fuels in marine diesel engines, including methanol. One of the challenges in the relevant research is the development of computer codes for simulation of the dual-fuel working process and engineering optimization of engines. In this work the mathematical model is described which simulates a mixture formation and combustion in an engine with a dual-fuel system, in which methanol is used as main fuel and a pilot portion of diesel oil is injected to ignite methanol. The developed combustion model was incorporated into the existing engine full cycle thermodynamic simulation tool, namely DIESEL-RK [1]. The developed combustion model includes the self-ignition delay calculation sub-model based on the detail chemistry simulation of methanol pre-combustion reactions, sub-model of evaporation of methanol droplets, submodels of methanol fuel sprays penetration, spray angle and droplets forming, respectively. The developed computer code allows engineers to account for the arbitrary shape of the combustion chamber. Additionally, each fuel system (for methanol and diesel oil) may include several injectors with arbitrary oriented nozzles with different diameters and central, off-central and side location in the combustion chamber. The fuel sprays evolution model consists of equations with dimensionless parameters to account for fuel properties and in-cylinder conditions. Specifics of injection pressure profiles and interaction of sprays with the air swirl and between themselves are also considered. The model allows engineers to carry out rapid parametric analysis. Results of modelling for a medium speed dual-fuel diesel engine are presented which demonstrate a good agreement between calculated and experimental heat release curves and integral engine data.

scholarly journals Numerical Approach for the Assessment of Micro-Textured Walls Effects on Rubber Injection Moulding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
María García-Camprubí ◽  
Carmen Alfaro-Isac ◽  
Belén Hernández-Gascón ◽  
José Ramón Valdés ◽  
Salvador Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Flow Perturbation ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Ring Seal ◽  
Elastomeric Seals

Micro-surface texturing of elastomeric seals is a validated method to improve the friction and wear characteristics of the seals. In this study, the injection process of high-viscosity elastomeric materials in moulds with wall microprotusions is evaluated. To this end, a novel CFD methodology is developed and implemented in OpenFOAM to address rubber flow behaviour at both microscale and macroscale. The first approach allows analyzing the flow perturbation induced by a particular surface texture and generate results to calculate an equivalent wall shear stress that is introduced into the macroscale case through reduced order modelling. The methodology is applied to simulate rubber injection in textured moulds in an academic case (straight pipe) and a real case (D-ring seal mould). In both cases, it is shown that textured walls do not increase the injection pressure and therefore the manufacturing process is not adversely affected.

scholarly journals The Properties of Fuel and Characterization of Functional Groups in Biodiesel -Water Emulsions from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Bhikuning ◽  
Jiro Senda Senda
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel is important for finding the most suitable fuel for the future. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil is one of the alternative fuels to replace fossil oil. Waste cooking oil is the used oil from cooking and is taken from hotels or restaurants. The emulsion of waste cooking oil and water is produced by adding water to the oil, as well as some additives to bind the water and the oil. In this study, the fuel properties of 100% biodiesel waste cooking oil  are compared to several blends by volume: 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 95% diesel oil (BD5), 10% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 90% of diesel oil (BD10), 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 18.7% of additives (BDW18.7), and 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 24.7% of additives (BDW24.7). The objectives of this study are to establish the properties and characteristics of the FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) of biodiesel-water emulsions from waste cooking oil and to compare them to other fuels. The chemical properties of the fuels are analyzed by using the ASTM D Method and FTIR  to determine the FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) composition of biodiesel in diesel oil. The results showed that the addition of additives in the water-biodiesel oil increases the viscosity, density, and flash point. However, it decreased the caloric value due to the oxygen content in the fuel.

scholarly journals Use of Water-Fuel Mixture in Diesel Engines at Fishing Vessels

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Oleg Klyus ◽  
O. Bezyukov
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters

Abstract The paper presents the laboratory test results determining physical parameters of fuel mixture made up of petroleum diesel oil, rapeseed oil methyl esters (up to 20%) and water (up to 2.5%). The obtained parameters prove that adding bio-components (rapeseed oil methyl esters) and water to fuel does not result in deterioration of their physical and chemical properties and are comparable to base fuel parameters, namely petroleum diesel oil. The mixture was a subject of bench testing with the use of a self-ignition engine by means of pre-catalytic fuel treatment. The treatment process consisted in fuel - catalytically active material direct contact on the atomizer body. At the comparable operational parameters for the engine, the obtained exhaust gases opacity was lower up to 60% due to the preliminary fuel mixture treatment in relation to the factory-made fuel injection system using petroleum diesel oil.

Is High Viscosity a Requirement for Fracturing Fluids?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Busteed ◽  
Jesus Arroyo ◽  
Francisco Morales ◽  
Mohammed Omer ◽  
Francisco E. Fragachan
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Field Case ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Fracture Closure

Abstract Uniformly distributing proppant inside fractures with low damage on fracture conductivity is the most important index of successful fracturing fluids. However, due to very low proppant suspension capacity of slickwater and friction reducers fracturing fluids and longer fracture closure time in nano & pico darcies formations, proppants settles quickly and accumulates near wellbore resulting in worse-than-expected well performance, as the fracture full capacity is not open and contributing to production. Traditionally, cross-linked polymer fluid systems are capable to suspend and transport high loading of proppants into a hydraulically generated fracture. Nevertheless, amount of unbroken cross-linked polymers is usually left in fractures causing damage to fracture proppant conductivity, depending on polymer loading. To mitigate these challenges, a low viscosity-engineered-fluid with excellent proppantcarrying capacity and suspension-in excess of 30 hours at static formation temperature conditions - has been designed, enhancing proppant placement and distribution within developed fractures, with a 98% plus retained conductivity. In this work experimental and numerical tests are presented together with the path followed in developing a network of packed structures from polymer associations providing low viscosity and maximum proppant suspension. Challenges encountered during field injection with friction are discussed together with the problem understanding characterized via extensive friction loop tests. Suspension tests performed with up to 8-10 PPA of proppant concentration at temperature conditions are shared, together with slot tests performed. Physics-based model results from a 3D Discrete Fracture Network simulator that computes viscosity, and elastic parameters based on shear rate, allows to estimate pressure losses along the flow path from surface lines, tubular goods, perforations, and fracture. This work will demonstrate the advanced capabilities and performance of the engineered fluid over conventional fracturing fluids and its benefits. Additionally, this paper will present field injection pressure analysis performed during the development of this fluid, together with a field case including production results after 8 months of treatment. The field case production decline observed after fracture treatment demonstrates the value of this system in sustaining well production and adding additional reserves.

The effects of injection pressure and energizing time on the combustion of an engine fueled with diesel oil and ethanol blend

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Eustáquio Pires Ferreira ◽  
Vinícius Guerra Moreira ◽  
Tales Gonçalves Nazareno ◽  
Sérgio de Morais Hanriot
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Diesel Oil
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